Veterinary Medicine Commons^™

In Vitro Assay Development As An Alternative To The Use Of Laboratory Animals For Measuring Clostridium Perfingens Type C Toxoid, Lauren M. Wilmes

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Clostridium perfringens type C produces beta toxin, which is a primary virulence determinate that can cause necrotic enteritis in neonatal animals. Vaccines directed against C. perfringens toxins have shown to be efficacious in preventing disease. However, the production of a commercial vaccine requires not only an efficacious antigen, but also testing methods for quantifying antigens and potency on final product. This research was undertaken to fulfill a need for the reduction in small animal usage to produce and deliver vaccines. The current testing methods are performed in vivo according to the Code of Federal Regulations number 9 (9CFR) United …

Prediction Factors For Release Of Wildlife At A Midwestern Rehabilitation Facility, Abigail E. Smith

Undergraduate Honors Thesis Projects

Wildlife rehabilitation is a large and internationally known field with thousands of rehabilitators around the world. Resources, such as time and money, are extremely limited in rehabilitation facilities and not all animals are candidates for release due to injuries or illnesses that make them unlikely to survive in the wild. Understanding what factors predict release would be useful in focusing limited resources, but there has been little investigation previously. The purpose of this study is to determine what factors affect the survival of mammals and birds at an American Midwest wildlife rehabilitation center. It was found that animals admitted with …

Transmission Potential Of Rickettsia Felis Through Cutaneous Inoculation Of Infectious Flea Feces, Kelsey Porter Legendre

LSU Master's Theses

Rickettsia felis, the causative agent of flea-borne spotted fever, is an emerging pathogen of the transitional group Rickettsiae and an important cause of febrile illness in Africa. Since the organism’s original discovery in the early 1990s, much research has been directed towards elucidating transmission mechanisms within the believed primary host and reservoir, the cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis). However, while a growing number of human cases are being reported throughout the world, a definitive transmission mechanism from arthropod host to vertebrate host resulting in clinical disease has not been found. Several possible mechanisms, including bite of infected arthropods …

Rapid Identification And Typing Of Mycobacterium Avium Complex Using Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (Maldi-Tof) Library And Biomarker Based Approaches, Claudia Antonika, John Dustin Loy, Raul Barletta, Michael Collins

UCARE: Research Products

Bacteria associated with the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) cause significant problems in animal agriculture and cause large economic losses and morbidity of livestock. Two clinically important subspecies of M. avium are M.avium ssp paratuberculosis (MAP) and M. avium ssp hominissuis (MAH). MAP is the etiologic agent of Johne’s disease, a chronic and fatal enteritis in ruminants, that has been linked to Crohn’s disease in humans.1 MAH has zoonotic potential as it is one of the leading causes of secondary infections in AIDS patients. Identification of M. avium in clinical samples is challenging as they have overlapping host ranges and clinical …

Editorial: Harm And Benefit Of Plant And Fungal Secondary Metabolites In Food Animal Production, Michael D. Flythe

Animal and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Reducing The Risk Of Invasive Pathogens To Wildlife Health In The United States, Edward E. Clark Jr., Marshall Meyers, David Eldon Starling, Brent Stewart, Nathan Stone, Gary Tabor, Jeffrey S. White

National Invasive Species Council

Call to Action

In keeping with action items 4.3.1 and 4.3.2 of the 2016–2018 National Invasive Species Council (NISC) Management Plan, the Wildlife Health Task Team of the Invasive Species Advisory Committee (ISAC) was charged with: 1) identifying the major areas of vulnerability to native wildlife from the introduction and spread of invasive pathogens, and 2) making recommendations to address these vulnerabilities, including through potential changes in statute, regulation, policy, or practice of the relevant agencies.

Streptococcus Equi Infections In Horses: Guidelines For Treatment, Control, And Prevention Of Strangles—Revised Consensus Statement, A. G. Boyle, John F. Timoney, J. R. Newton, M. T. Hines, A. S. Waller, B. R. Buchanan

Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center Faculty Publications

This consensus statement update reflects our current published knowledge and opinion about clinical signs, pathogenesis, epidemiology, treatment, complications, and control of strangles. This updated statement emphasizes varying presentations in the context of existing underlying immunity and carrier states of strangles in the transmission of disease. The statement redefines the “gold standard” for detection of possible infection and reviews the new technologies available in polymerase chain reaction diagnosis and serology and their use in outbreak control and prevention. We reiterate the importance of judicious use of antibiotics in horses with strangles. This updated consensus statement reviews current vaccine technology and the …

Prevalence Of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus & Feline Leukemia Virus In Clinically Healthy Cats In Khon Kaen Province, Kawintra Aiyaranoi, Nichapart Boonchalaew, Natcha Chawnan, Sukdiphat Chotiku, Jaruwan Kampa

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

FIV and FeLV infections are mostly studied among clinically sick cats; therefore, results may deviate from the true prevalence in a whole population. By using a commercially available kit, the infections were observed in 216 clinically health client-owned cats in Khon Kaen province, Thailand. A cross-sectioned study was undertaken to estimate the presence of FIV and FeLV infections in the cats which underwent health checkup from October 2016 to January 2017. The prevalence of FIV-antibody positive and FeLV-antigenic cats were 6.1% and 3.1%, respectively, and co-infection was not identified. The updated information provides necessary guidelines for veterinarians to provide preventive …

Ophthalmology Snapshot, Nalinee Tuntivanich

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

No abstract provided.

Promotion Of Lactobacillus Plantarum On Growth And Resistance Against Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease Pathogens In White-Leg Shrimp (Litopenaeus Vannamei), Thi Thuy Giang Nguyen, Thi Chinh Nguyen, Montira Leelakriangsak, Thu Thuy Pham, Quoc Hung Pham, Chokchai Lueangthuwapranit, Van Duy Nguyen

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND), or early mortality syndrome (EMS), causes high mortality in cultivated penaeid shrimps, which leads to heavy losses for shrimp farming industry. V. parahaemolyticus with a toxin PirAB-encoding extrachromosomal plasmid are considered as common pathogenic agents. The present study aimed to assess the effects of potential probiotics on growth and resistance of shrimp to AHPND infection. Results confirmed typical clinical signs and histopathological features in AHPND-infected shrimps. Among 11 Vibrio isolates from AHPND-infected shrimps, strain XN9 was the most virulent and was identified as V. paraheamolyticus using AP3-based PCR amplification and API 20E kits. In vitro …

Evaluation Of Symptomatic Improvements Observed By Switching To Alacepril From Other Ace-Inhibitors In Dogs With Mitral Valve Regurgitation, Akiko Uemura, Lina Hamabe, Kazumi Shimada, Miki Shimizu, Ryou Tanaka

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Alacepril is an ACE-inhibitor (ACE-I), which has unique properties including peripheral sympathoinhibitory effect and negative chronotropic effect, and it is suspected to have a superior cough suppressive effect in comparison to other ACE-Is. The purpose of the study was to evaluate whether switching to alacepril from other ACE-Is will alleviate the clinical symptoms of congestive heart failure (CHF) caused by mitral valve regurgitation (MR). The prospective clinical study included 73 client-owned dogs with MR that had been treated with ACE-Is other than alacepril for over a period of one month. The ACE-Is were replaced by alacepril and observed for four …

Effects Of Housefly Larvae (Musca Domestica) Dehydrated Meal On Production Performances And Sensory Properties Of Broiler Meat, Stamen Radulović, Marija Pavlović, Dragan Šefer, Shivani Katoch, Milan Hadži-Milić, Dragoljub Jovanović, Svetlana Grdović, Radmila Marković

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The trial included 100 one-day-old broilers, Cobb 500, of both sexes, divided into the two groups, 50 broilers in each. The experiment lasted 42 days and was conducted in three phases: days 1-7, days 8-21 and days 22-42. The control group of broilers (C) was fed a mixture of standard composition (basal diet), while the experimental group (O-I) received the same diet but with the addition of dehydrated housefly larvae in the amount of 5% (% as fed basis) in the starter diet and 4% in grower and finisher diets. Production results (body weight, body weight gain, feed consumption and …

Effect Of Gender And Jumping Exercise On Leukocyte Number, Dopamine And Prolactin Levels In Horses, Anna Assenza, Francesca Arfuso, Francesco Fazio, Claudia Giannetto, Maria Rizzo, Alessandro Zumbo, Giuseppe Piccione

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Physical exercise is one of the most physiologically stressful stimuli which cause animal to experience reversible alterations in various homeostatic variables. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of gender and jumping exercise on leukocyte, dopamine and prolactin values and the correlation among these parameters in 20 clinically healthy and regularly trained horses. The horses took part in a three-day jumping competition. Blood sampling was performed before the first day of competition (T0), within 10 minutes from the end of each race (J1, J2, J3) and 24 h after the end of J3 race (T24) in order …

Crossover Feeding Test Of A New Milk Mixture For Giant Panda (Ailuropoda Melanoleuca) Cubs, Zhihe Zhang, Rong Hou, Jingchao Lan, Hairui Wang, Tatsuko Nakao, Zenta Takatsu, Toyokazu Kobayashi, Hiroshi Koie, Hiroshi Kamata, Kiichi Kanayama, Toshi Watanabe

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

A milk substitute developed in 1988 (OM) has been used to feed giant panda cubs, but its contents do not match those of panda breast milk. OM contains 10% more protein than the breast milk, and so a novel milk substitute (NM) was developed based on breast milk data. NM has the following nutrition: protein, 38%; fat, 40%; carbohydrates, 12% (containing lactose, 7%); ash, 6%; and moisture, 3%; and it also contains lactoferrin, nucleotides, oligosaccharides and docosahexaenoic acid. In order to ensure that NM is safe before it is fed to premature newborns, a plan was made to subject twin …

Prevalence Of Bacteremia In Dogs Admitted To An Intensive Care Unit With Intravenous Catheterization, Pattrarat Chanchaithong, Sukullaya Ritthikulprasert

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Bacteremia is a common complication in hospitalized patients, and intravenous catheterization is a routine intervention in dogs in intensive care units (ICU). This study aimed to investigate bacteria associated with bacteremia in an ICU of a veterinary teaching hospital during 2013-2014. Fifty dogs admitted to the ICU were included in this study. Twenty-four dogs (48.00%) presented bacteremia by blood culture. Bacterial species were identified, including Klebsiella pneumoniae (8/24), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7/24), Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (3/24), Escherichia coli (2/24), Bacillus sp. (1/24), Acinetobacter sp. (2/24) and Burkholderia cepacia (1/24). Only five dogs had positive catheter colonization by identical bacterial species with those …

Evaluation Of Two Cryopreservation Protocols On Cauda Epididymal Spermatozoa Characteristics In Domestic Cats, Kanokwan Thammapradit, Suppawiwat Ponglowhapan

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Various protocols of feline spermatozoa cryopreservation have been reported and used in clinical practice. To compare the quality of post-thawed epididymal spermatozoa subjected to two different sperm freezing protocols, sperm samples were collected from domestic cats (n=7) after castration and divided into 2 aliquots as for Protocol 1 (P1) or Protocol 2 (P2). In P1, after centrifugation, sperm pellets were extended with Tris-based egg yolk extender (TEY) containing 3% glycerol and held for 60 min (5°C) prior to the second dilution (1:1) with 7% glycerol and 1% Equex STM Paste. The straws were frozen by lowering the goblets in three …

Effect Of Interferential Current Therapy On Ground Reaction Force In Dogs With Hip Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Placebo Controlled Cross-Over Clinical Trial, Rutaitip Upariputti, Monchanok Vijarnsorn, Sirirat Niyom, Sujitra Boonyong

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of interferential current therapy on ground reaction force and orthopedic assessment score of canine patients with hip osteoarthritis. Nine dogs that met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in this study. Each dog received 3 types of treatment: interferential current therapy (IFC), sham current therapy (SHAM), and control treatment (CTR). The order of the treatments for each dog was assigned by block randomization method. A 24-hour interval was applied between each treatment session. Subjective orthopedic assessment and objective force plate gait analysis were used as measurement of clinical improvement in this …

Ecg Quiz, Chollada Buranakarl, Saikaew Sutayatram, Chutamas Benjanirut, Piyasiri Glangosol

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

No abstract provided.

What Is Your Diagnosis?, Nan Choisunirachon

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

No abstract provided.

Solexa Sequencing Of Novel And Differentially Expressed Micrornas In Maternal Placenta Of Holstein Cattle With Retained Fetal Membranes, Chengyuan Zheng, Xiao Zou, Yao Liu, Hongjia Lin, Chunhai Luo, Shixin Fu

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression and play an important role in the development and function of organs and cells in cattle. This study identified novel and differentially expressed miRNAs in the maternal placenta of Holstein cattle with retained fetal membranes (6 cows for each group). The study found 4,596,223 reads that matched the bovine genome in the normal maternal placenta library (5,930,853 reads in total), and found that a total of 4,270,190 reads were present in the retained fetal membrane maternal placenta library (5,367,946 reads in total). In the present study, 36 novel bovine miRNAs were identified in …

Incidence Of Brucellosis In Aborted Animals And Occupationally Exposed Veterinary Professionals Of Bannu, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, Azmatullah Khan, Muhammad Shafee, Naimatullah Khan, Attaur Rahman, Rafiullah Rafiullah, Ijaz Ali, Imad Khan, Sadeeq Ur Rahman

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Brucellosis in animals is a serious global health concern mainly due to its zoonotic nature and association with heavy economic losses. Brucellosis has been reported randomly from different parts of Pakistan; however, the prevalence of brucellosis in animals and humans in Bannu District, as well as overall epidemiological data of the country, is missing. The present study reports on the occurrence of brucellosis in domestic animals and its cross-circulation among occupationally exposed human population in Bannu District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A total of 223 (animals=100, animal handlers=73, veterinary staff=50) serum samples were collected and subjected to serum plate agglutination test …

Repeatability And Comparison Of Train-Of-Four Responses At Thoracic And Pelvic Limbs Using Electromyography In Anesthetized Dogs, Nattika Koatsang, Sirirat Niyom, Monchanok Vijarnsorn, Chalermpol Lekcharoensuk

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The aims of this study were to evaluate the repeatability of neuromuscular transmission (NMT) monitoring by electromyography and to compare train-of-four (TOF) responses of thoracic limbs to those of pelvic limbs in dogs after atracurium administration. Seven healthy dogs were enrolled in the study. The dogs were anesthetized with midazolam, morphine, propofol and isoflurane three times with a washout period of seven days. Two treatments of atracurium and electromyography-based neuromuscular monitoring were performed under each anesthesia. The dogs were randomly assigned to undergo either left or right side and either thoracic or pelvic limb for the first treatment and then …

Influence Of Heat Stress On Pregnancy Rate Of Beef Cattle Heifers And Cows Using Ovsynch Plus Cidr Followed By Timed Artificial Insemination In Thailand, Jatuporn Kajaysri, Anuwat Wattananorasate

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

This study aimed to evaluate the pregnancy rate in beef cattle heifers and cows in Thailand under different heat stress conditions using the Ovsynch plus controlled internal drug release (CIDR) followed by timed artificial insemination (TAI) protocol. Eighty-one beef heifers and ninety-five postpartum cows were tested. These cattle were divided into three groups. Group 1 (29 heifers and 33 cows) was examined in winter, while Group 2 (25 heifers and 30 cows) and Group 3 (27 heifers and 32 cows) were examined in summer and rainy season, respectively. All cattle were treated with Ovsynch plus CIDR for 7 days followed …

Mutations In Qrdrs Of Dna Gyrase And Topoisomerase Iv Genes In Nalidixic Acid And Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Salmonella Enterica Isolated From Chicken Meat, Pork And Humans, Nuananong Sinwat, Jiratchaya Poungseree, Sunpetch Angkittitrakul, Rungtip Chuanchuen

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Twenty-eight nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella isolates originated from chicken meat, pork and humans were examined for mutation in the quinolone resistance determining region (QRDR) of gyrA, gyrB, parC and parE genes. Four single-point mutations in gyrA (i.e. C248A, C248T, G259T and G259A) leading to amino acid substitutions Ser83Tyr, Ser83Phe, Asp87Tyr and Asp87Asn in GyrA, respectively, were identified in 11 quinolone-resistant strains. Amino acid change at position Ser83 was most frequently identified. Resistance to nalidixic acid was not always associated with resistance to ciprofloxacin. The presence of mutations in GyrA did not well correlate with ciprofloxacin resistance phenotype. No mutations were observed …

Detection Of Prrsv Circulation Using Oral Fluid Samples For Nursery Management In Endemically Prrsv-Infected Farms, Yonlayong Woonwong, Roongtham Kedkovid, Jirapat Arunorat, Chaitawat Sirisereewan, Teerawut Nedumpun, Korakrit Poonsuk, Yaowalak Panyasing, Pariwat Poolperm, Alongkot Boonsoongnern, Roongroje Thanawongnuwech

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) has become a major swine disease worldwide. Relevant management strategies and diagnostic assays are of importance for PRRS virus (PRRSV) control. The objective of this study was to determine the use of oral fluids for PRRSV monitoring in endemically PRRSV-infected herds. PRRSV RNA and PRRSV-specific antibodies were monitored using oral fluid samples and serum samples in two conventional swine farms in Thailand (‘Farm A’, a one-site conventional system farm, and ‘Farm B’, a one-site P0-P1 segregation system farm) during farrowing to nursery periods. Both PRRSV RNA and PRRSV antibodies were detected from 3 to …

Effect Of Supplementation Of Oil Palm (Eleis Guineensis) Frond As A Substitute For Concentrate Feed On Rumen Fermentation, Carcass Characteristics And Microbial Populations In Sheep, Saeid Jafari, Goh Yong Meng, Mohamed Ali Rajion, Mohammad Amir Karimi Torshizi, Mahdi Ebrahimi

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Thirty growing cross-bred sheep (20.4 ± 1.9 kg body weight (BW)) were used to determine the effects of dietary supplementation of oil palm (Eleis guineensis) frond (OPF) pellets on growth performance, microbial population and carcass characteristics of sheep. Experimental animals were allotted into three treatment groups fed varying levels of OPF pellets and commercial sheep pellets. Treatment diets were control diet (CON group, n=10), 25% OPF pellet in diet (% w/w) (HAF group, n=10) and 50% OPF pellet in diet (OPF group, n=10). After 100 days of feeding, all animals from each group were slaughtered, and carcass and rumen fluid …

Effects Of Benzyl Isothiocyanate And Papain On The Hatching And Migration Of Equine Cyathostomes, Jessie Kmietsch

Undergraduate Honors Thesis Projects

Cyathostomes are widespread and can affect horses of any life stage. Many common anthelmintics are no longer effective at treating cyathostomes due to parasitic resistance. The objective of this in vitrostudy was to use egg hatch and larval migration tests to determine if compounds found in papaya seeds (papain or benzyl isothiocyanate) reduce cyathostome egg hatching and migration. The experiments were conducted between August 2016 and March 2018. Cyathostome eggs were obtained from horse fecal samples. Egg hatch tests were performed by adding papain and benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) to wells separately at different concentrations in triplicate. After incubation, the …

Lipidomic Analysis Of Immune Activation In Equine Leptospirosis And Leptospira-Vaccinated Horses, Paul L. Wood, Margaret Steinman, Erdal Erol, Craig Carter, Undine Christmann, Ashutosh Verma

Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory Faculty Publications

Currently available diagnostic assays for leptospirosis cannot differentiate vaccine from infection serum antibody. Several leptospiral proteins that are upregulated during infection have been described, but their utility as a diagnostic marker is still unclear. In this study, we undertook a lipidomics approach to determine if there are any differences in the serum lipid profiles of horses naturally infected with pathogenic Leptospira spp. and horses vaccinated against a commercially available bacterin. Utilizing a high-resolution mass spectrometry serum lipidomics analytical platform, we demonstrate that cyclic phosphatidic acids, diacylglycerols, and hydroperoxide oxidation products of choline plasmalogens are elevated in the serum of naturally …

Cognitive Dysfunction In Naturally Occurring Canine Idiopathic Epilepsy, Rowena M.A. Packer, Paul D. Mcgreevy, Hannah Salvin, Michael Valenzuela, Chloe M. Chaplin, Holger A. Volk

Neurology Collection

Globally, epilepsy is a common serious brain disorder. In addition to seizure activity, epilepsy is associated with cognitive impairments including static cognitive impairments present at onset, progressive seizure-induced impairments and co-morbid dementia. Epilepsy occurs naturally in domestic dogs but its impact on canine cognition has yet to be studied, despite canine cognitive dysfunction (CCD) recognised as a spontaneous model of dementia. Here we use data from a psychometrically validated tool, the canine cognitive dysfunction rating (CCDR) scale, to compare cognitive dysfunction in dogs diagnosed with idiopathic epilepsy (IE) with controls while accounting for age. An online cross-sectional study resulted in …

An Epidemiologic Study Of Antimicrobial Resistance Of Staphylococcus Species Isolated From Equine Samples Submitted To A Diagnostic Laboratory, Ronita Adams, Jackie Smith, Stephan Locke, Erica Phillips, Erdal Erol, Craig N. Carter, Agricola Odoi

Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

Background

Antimicrobial resistance limits traditional treatment options and increases costs. It is therefore important to estimate the magnitude of the problem so as to provide empirical data to guide control efforts. The aim of this study was to investigate the burden and patterns of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among equine Staphylococcus samples submitted to the University of Kentucky Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (UKVDL) from 1993 to 2009. Retrospective data of 1711 equine Staphylococcus samples submitted to the UKVDL during the time period 1993 to 2009 were included in the study. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing, that included 16 drugs, were performed using cultures followed …