Veterinary Medicine Commons^™

Effect Of Ingredients And Packaging On Color Of High Pressure Processed Ground Beef, Jhinuk Gupta, Chad G. Bower, George A. Cavender Cavender, Gary A. Sullivan

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

High pressure processing is a non-thermal pasteurization technique to control pathogens, like E. coli. However, color changes in raw beef induced by processing restrict high pressure processing’s use within the beef industry. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of adding curing agents (nitrite) and packaging with or without reducing compounds (ascorbic acid/erythorbate) on color retention in high pressure processed ground beef. High pressure processing resulted in a detrimental effect on the color of the beef patties for all treatments. Lightness and yellowness increased and redness decreased after high pressure processing. The effect remained the same throughout …

Effects Of Production System On Cow And Calf Performance, Shelby E. Gardine, Jason M. Warner, Robert G. Bondurant Bondurant, F. Henry Hilscher, Karla H. Jenkins, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Limited traditional forage resources have prompted interest for alternative cow-calf production systems. This study evaluated the effects of two winter cow-calf production systems (cornstalk grazing and dry-lot feeding) on cow-calf performance in a summer-calving, intensively managed cowherd at two locations. Grazing cow-calf pairs on cornstalks resulted in similar or lower ending BW of cows and lower ADG of calves when compared to cow-calf pairs wintered in the dry-lot. A partial budget of incorporating winter cornstalk grazing into an intensive production system suggests that cows wintered on cornstalks may be $137 more profitable compared to cows wintered in the dry-lot.

Effects Of Production System And Post-Weaning Management On Finishing Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Steer And Heifer Calves, Shelby E. Gardine, Bradley M. Boyd, Curtis J. Bittner Bittner, F. Henry Hilscher, Karla H. Jenkins, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

This study evaluated the effects of cow-calf production system and post-weaning management on finishing performance and carcass characteristics of steer and heifer calves. Calves that were wintered on cornstalks prior to weaning had lighter initial BW compared to calves that were wintered in the dry-lot; however, final BW and carcass weight were similar between treatments. Post-weaning management was either adapting calves to a finishing diet following weaning or feeding a grower diet prior to the finishing phase. When harvested at similar back fat, calves that were fed a grower diet for 76 days prior to the finishing phase had 71 …

Evaluation Of Protein From Distillers Grains In Finishing Diets On Nutrient Digestibility, Zachary E. Carlson, Jana L. Gramkow, Hannah C. Wilson Wilson, Melissa L. Jolly-Breithaupt, Galen E. Erickson, Jim C. Macdonald, Matt K. Luebbe

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A metabolism trial was conducted to evaluate protein from modified distillers grains plus solubles (MDGS) in finishing diets on nutrient digestibility and ruminal fermentation characteristics. Isolated protein from corn was not different than MDGS for dry matter, organic matter, or neutral detergent fiber digestibility. However, steers fed MDGS tended to have lower total tract organic matter digestibility compared to corn and protein from corn. Protein had greater total tract organic matter and starch digestibility than MDGS. Protein from corn did not contribute towards the lower digestibility of MDGS. Protein is more easily digestible than the other components in distillers grains …

Production Of High-Quality Beef–The Nebraska Advantage, Chris R. Calkins

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Here is a clear description of the Nebraska Advantage in producing high-quality beef: the right genetics, numerous pastures, a multitude of cattle, great water resources, locally-grown corn, the availability of ethanol byproducts for feed, and young cattle that grow fast, with sufficient marbling and subcutaneous fat to ensure tender, flavorful, beef. The science of beef quality supports this production system. The state supports its citizens and agriculture through the University of Nebraska and the Nebraska Department of Agriculture, augmenting the infrastructure. If one could invent an ideal place to produce high-quality beef, it would look much like Nebraska! The impact …

Potential Variation In Determination Of Longissimus Muscle Area In Carcasses From Heifers Fed With Or Without Zilpaterol Hydrochloride, Chris R. Calkins, Jenna J. O'Daniel, Govindarajan Konda Naganathan Naganathan, Kellen B. Hart, Katherine I. Domenech-Perez, T.B. Schmidt

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

This study was conducted to evaluate some sources of potential variation in determination of longissimus muscle area between the 12th and 13th ribs of carcasses from heifers fed with or without zilpaterol hydochloride. Cross sections of the rib-loin were taken cranial to the 11th rib and caudal to the 13th rib, about 3–4 millimeters thick at 90 degrees perpendicular to the long axis of the longissimus muscle. Potential variation of longissimus muscle area can arise from the natural variation of muscle size when cutting between the 12th and 13th ribs (up to 9%). Deviation in cutting perpendicular to the long …

Impact Of Feeding Distillers Grains With Or Without Oil Removal As Well As Supplemental Corn Oil On Nutrient Digestibility By Finishing Cattle, Jordan E. Burhoop, Melissa L. Jolly-Breithaupt, Jana L. Gramkow Gramkow, Matthew K. Luebbe, Jim C. Macdonald, Galen E. Erickson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A digestion trial was conducted to determine the effects of the removal of corn oil from modified distillers grains plus solubles (MDGS) and the impact of supplemental corn oil on finishing cattle nutrient digestion. Four treatments were evaluated: a corn control diet (CON), 40% de-oiled MDGS (DO MDGS), or 38% de-oiled MDGS plus 2% corn oil (MDGS + Oil) formulated to equal the fat content of FF MDGS, or 40% full fat MDGS (FF MDGS). Treatment differences were observed for digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and fiber, but not for fat. When oil was added to de-oiled MDGS, digestibility …

Effects Of Late Gestation Supplementation, Synchronization, And Creep Feeding In A Spring Calving Beef Herd In The Nebraska Sandhills, Devin Broadhead, L. A. Stalker, Jacki A. Musgrave Musgrave, Richard N. Funston

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Supplementation during winter grazing increased cow BW and BCS but had no effect on reproduction or calf performance, thus increasing production costs without increasing returns. Using a CIDR for estrus synchronization in a herd with existing acceptable reproductive performance did not increase cow pregnancy rate or advance calving date. Feeding creep feed to calves is an effective means of increasing weaning BW which resulted in increased live and carcass weight. Under the conditions of this study, when additional feed and price slide for heavier calves was considered, feeding creep feed did not result in added profits.

Field Evaluations Of Insecticide Modes Of Action Classes For Control Of Horn Flies In Nebraska, David J. Boxler, Gary J. Brewer, Richard N. Funston Funston, Jacqueline A. Musgrave

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Insecticides of different Mode of Action (MoA) classes were tested for their ability to reduce horn fly populations on cattle in Nebraska pastures between 2009 and 2016. Macrocyclic lactone products were the most efficacious, reducing horn fly numbers by an average of 93% over ten location years of testing. Organophosphate and pyrethroid MoA products, tested in 7 and 12 location years, reduced fly numbers by 75% and 73%. Classes tested only once were METI (88% reduction) and a combination of organophosphate + pyrethroid (64%).

Evaluation Of Revalor-Xh For Beef Heifers Fed Different Days On Feed, Robert G. Bondurant, Marshall N. Streeter, Galen E. Erickson Erickson, James C. Macdonald, Matt K. Luebbe

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Heifers were treated with either no implant, an initial implant of Revalor-200 and re-implanted with Revalor-200, or Revalor-XH and assigned to one of four serial slaughter harvests at 151, 165, 179, and 193 days on feed to determine the effects on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics. Implanting heifers increased final BW, ADG and HCW while decreasing marbling score and improving feed efficiency compared to non-implanted heifers. Increasing days on feed decreased ADG while increasing feed efficiency, HCW, fat thickness, marbling score, and calculated yield grade. By increasing HCW sold, implanting revenue can be maximized, assuming added risk for YG discounts.

Effect Of Supplementation During The Breeding Season On A May-Calving Herd In The Nebraska Sandhills, Alicia C. Lansford, Jacki A. Musgrave, Richard N. Funston Funston

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Females in their first and second breeding season received either a 32% crude protein (DM) supplement or no supplement throughout the breeding season. Supplementation did not affect heifer BW, BCS, and pregnancy rate at pregnancy diagnosis. Supplementation impacted primiparous cow BW and BCS at pregnancy diagnosis, but did not affect pregnancy rates. Calf birth weight and dystocia rates were unaffected by supplementation for both heifers and primiparous cow. Calves nursing supplemented dams were heavier at weaning. Greater supplementation may be needed to affect pregnancy rate.

Impact Of Pre-And Postpartum Nutrition On March-Calving Cow And Progeny Productivity, Jacki A. Musgrave, Devin L. Broadhead, L. A. Stalker Stalker, Richard N. Funston

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

March-calving cows were fed hay or grazed corn residue prepartum, and then either fed hay or grazed subirrigated meadow postpartum. Combinations of these different feeding strategies impacted body weight (BW) and body condition score (BCS) during the pre-and postpartum period; however, resulted in similar pregnancy rates. Although differences were not observed in cow pregnancy rates, a benefit in pre-weaning growth was observed for calves from the dams in postpartum meadow treatment. A tendency for an improvement in marbling score was observed for steers born to cows fed hay prepartum, perhaps indicating a higher plane of nutrition prepartum may improve quality …

Uterine Prolapse In A Pregnant Cat, Zeynep Günay Uçmak, Meli̇h Uçmak, Ali̇ Can Çeti̇n, Çağatay Tek

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

A 3-year-old, 2.5-kg British shorthair cat with dystocia and protrusion of a mass through the vulva was presented to the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, İstanbul University. Upon clinical examination, a complete uterine prolapse was diagnosed. Because of a blood blister and oedema in the uterine horns, ovariohysterectomy treatment was decided. During laparotomy, one foetus was detected in the cranial portion of the left uterine horn. After manual reduction and intraabdominal withdrawal of the prolapsed uterus, a caesarean section was performed to deliver the foetus. The last litter and the queen were discharged from the clinic in …

Efficacy Of Oral Administration Of Sodium Iodide To Prevent Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex, B. M. Shoemake, B. L. Vander Ley, B. W. Newcomer, M. C. Heller

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Background: The prevention of bovine respiratory disease complex (BRD) in beef cattle is important to maintaining health and productivity of calves in feeding operations.

Objective: Determine whether BRD bacterial and viral pathogens are susceptible to the lactoperoxidase/hydrogen peroxide/ iodide (LPO/H₂O₂/I^-) system in vitro and to determine whether the oral administration of sodium iodide (NaI) could achieve sufficient concentrations of iodine (I) in the respiratory secretions of weaned beef calves to inactivate these pathogens in vivo.

Animals: Sixteen weaned, apparently healthy, commercial beef calves from the University of Missouri, College of Veterinary Medicine teaching herd. …

Congenital Tuberculosis In A 25-Day-Old Female Calf, Maria Del Carmen Espejel Del Moral, Juan Carlos Del Rio, Alfredo Medrano, Marco Antonio Santillan, Jose Francisco Morales

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

A female calf, housed in a dairy intensive-system farm, suddenly died 25 days after birth. Routine necropsy revealed multiple variably sized white to yellowish nodules in the lungs. Histopathological diagnosis showed severe granulomatous pneumonia with acid-fast bacilli; Mycobacterium bovis was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and culture isolation. Congenital tuberculosis was diagnosed based on these findings. The calf probably acquired the infection from her mother through aspiration of the amniotic fluid. The aim here is to describe the morphological lesions and complementary confirmation of congenital tuberculosis in a young female calf.

He Scenario Tree Epidemiological Model In Estimation Effects Of B. Melitensis Rev 1 Vaccination On Disease Prevalence, Sabina Seric Haracic, Nihad Fejzic, Ermin Saljic, Dzenita Hadzijunuzovic Alagic, Mo Salman

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

minant brucellosis. The stochastic scenario tree model was used to simulate vaccination and surveillance implementation during 8 years. Outputs were annual proportions of true positive, true negative, false positive, and false negative flocks. Vaccination coverage was described by the Pert distribution with average 70% and min and max 50% and 80%, respectively. Effects of risk factors (high prevalence-areas and transhumance) were considered. The model was separately simulated for three levels of initial average flock prevalence (2%, 5%, and 10%). In the following years, flock prevalence arising from the fitted distribution of the false negative flocks from the previous year increased …

Chemical And Fermentative Characteristics Of Agricultural Byproducts And Their Mixtures With Roughages Incubated With Rumen Fluid From Slaughtered Dromedaries, Maroua Lifa, Mohamed Laid Haddi, Franco Tagliapietra, Mirko Cattani, Matteo Guadagnin, Leonardo Sulas, Rosella Muresu, Stefano Schiavon, Lucia Bailoni, Andrea Squartini

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In pursuit of novel strategies aimed to promote animal production while exploiting agricultural residues, using the dromedary camel rumen fluid degradation capabilities combined with a gas production (GP) technique approach, we investigated the in vitro kinetic parameters and some physical and chemical characteristics of three agro-industrial byproducts (AIBP) and their mixtures with three roughages. Chemical composition, buffering capacity, apparent degradability, pH, and in vitro GP kinetic parameters were evaluated for citrus pulp, tomato peels, apple pomace, their mixtures (50:50 % DM basis) with milk thistle, crown daisy, and polyphyte hay. GP of AIBP ranged from 200 to 240 mL/g DM. …

The Effect Of Using Rosemary (Rosmarinus Officinalis) In Broiler Nutrition On Production Parameters, Slaughter Characteristics, And Gut Microbiological Population, Veselin Petricevic, Milos Lukic, Zdenka Skrbic, Simeon Rakonjac, Vladimir Doskoviç, Maja Petricevic, Aleksandar Stanojkovic

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the supplementation of different concentrations of rosemary in broiler diets from day 1 to 42 on growth performance, carcass quality, and cecal microbiological composition of chickens. The research was carried out with 1200 Ross 308 chickens, divided into 4 groups with 6 repetitions per group. The treatment groups were: control group (C) without rosemary, 0.2% rosemary group (0.2R), 0.4% rosemary group (0.4R), and 0.6% rosemary group (0.6R). Production parameters and the European Production Efficiency Factor (EPEF) were determined. At the end of the trial 12 chicks per group were …

The Unspoken Psychological Issues With Lesson Horses And How We Need To Address Them, Casey Clark

Murray State Theses and Dissertations

Every day all over the world horses provide much needed therapy and treatment to people in need. They provide physical, emotional, and mental training and healing. Humans depend on them for so much and we have a moral and ethical obligation to be good stewards of our equine companions. This close proximity can take a toll on horses physically and psychologically even in the realm of experienced equine professionals. So many times though it is the small lesson facility that sees hundreds of people each year and makes a profound difference in people’s lives. This can be at a 4-H …

Evaluation Of Berberine As An Alternative To Antibiotics In Nursery Pig Diets, Emily Scholtz

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Pig weaning process results in reduced growth performance and gut health of weaned pigs. Antibiotics can be added in diets for weaned pigs to improve growth performance and gut health, but their use is being discouraged because they can lead to development of antimicrobial resistant microorganisms. Thus, there is need for alternatives to antibiotics in diets for weaned pigs. The overall goal of this thesis research was to determine the effects of plant extracts (berberine, quercetin, and allyl isothiocyante [AITC]) as alternatives to antibiotics in weaned pig diets. The first objective of the research was to determine in vitro antimicrobial …

Evaluation Of Biochemical Parameters And Oxidative Stress In Sheep Naturally Infected With Dicrocoelium Dendriticum And Hydatid Cysts, Mi̇yase Çinar, Meral Aydeni̇zöz, Sami̇ Gökpinar, Güzi̇n Çamkerten

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The purpose of the study was to investigate the lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status as well as biochemical profile in sheep naturally infected with Dicrocoelium dendriticum and hydatid cysts. Ten sheep naturally infected with D. dendriticum, 10 sheep naturally infected with hydatid cysts, and 10 healthy sheep were used. The blood and visceral organs of sheep brought to a slaughterhouse in the region of Kırıkkale were checked for D. dendriticum and hydatid cysts. Plasma total protein, albumin, total bilirubin, total cholesterol, Ca, Mg, inorganic P, Cu, Zn, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, ß-carotene, AST, ALT, GGT, ALP, erythrocyte MDA …

Vibrio Parahaemolyticus Atcc 17802 Inactivation By Using Methylcellulose Films Containing Encapsulated Bacteriophages, Seli̇n Kalkan

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In the present study, it was aimed to inactivate Vibrio parahaemolyticus ATCC 17802, which is an important human pathogen, by making use of edible methylcellulose films containing encapsulated bacteriophages. For this purpose, the bacteriophages used as biocontrol agents specific for V. parahaemolyticus ATCC 17802 were isolated from raw bonito fishes (Sarda sarda) and then purified, and finally the stabilities of isolated bacteriophages were determined. The pure bacteriophage filtrates were encapsulated with sodium alginate by employing an extrusion method and the edible methylcellulose films were prepared. The bacteriophage stabilities of the prepared films were analyzed on the 0th, 4th, 7th, and …

Nonsurgical Treatment Involving A Contact Lens And Hyperosmotic Solution For Acute Bullous Keratopathy In A Cat, Sukjong Yoo, Saejong Yoo, Hwi Yool Kim

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

A 4-year-old castrated male Korean domestic shorthair cat was referred with bilateral corneal edema. Focal and generalized acute bullous keratopathy in the oculus dexter and oculus sinister, respectively, were diagnosed by ophthalmologic examinations. Intensive topical treatment was administered to both eyes. A therapeutic soft contact lens was inserted in the oculus sinister as a corneal bandage instead of surgical treatment. The patient achieved complete recovery at 44 days after treatment. A therapeutic soft contact lens and an intensive regimen involving a topical hyperosmotic solution successfully treated acute bullous keratopathy in a feline patient.

Immunohistochemical Expression Of Secretory Proteins In Pneumonic Rat Lungs, Enver Beytut

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The present study evaluated the expression of secretory proteins involving surfactant proteins (SP-A, SP-B, proSP-C), Clara cell secretory protein (CCSP), and thyroid transcription factor-I (TTF-I), together with lambda light chain IgG (λ-IgG), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and lymphocytic phenotypes (T and B cells) in the pneumonic rat lungs. The most prominent gross lesion was severe pulmonary abscession. The lungs showed severe parenchymal destruction and necrosis encapsulated by fibrous tissue. Immunostaining for SPs displayed evident hyperplasia of type II pneumocytes. Immunoreaction to SP-A and SP-B occurred strongly on the luminal surface of type II cells, and to proSP-C in the …

Determining Some Of The Quality Characteristics Of Probiotic Yogurts Manufactured By Using Microencapsulated Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Var. Boulardii, Seli̇n Kalkan, Derya Öztürk, Büşra Sevgi̇ Seli̇moğlu

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Probiotics can be defined as living microorganisms that positively contribute to human health by regulating the intestinal flora of a host and stimulating the immune system. As stated in many studies carried out in recent years, probiotic microorganisms are known to be very useful for human health. Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii is the only probiotic yeast that has been patented. In this study, it was aimed to determine the physical, rheological, chemical, and microbiological quality parameters of probiotic yogurts manufactured using this yeast microencapsulated via extrusion method during storage. Black cherry jam was used in order to enrich the sensory …

Comparison Of Different Paternity Test Panels In Sheep, Onur Yilmaz, İbrahi̇m Cemal, Behi̇ç Coşkun, Yusuf Zi̇ya Oğrak, Nezi̇h Ata, Orhan Karaca

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aims of this study were to evaluate different paternity test panels with 17 microsatellite markers for their effectiveness in paternity analysis and to identify pedigree error rates in the Kangal Akkaraman breed of sheep. The animal material for the study consisted of 175 Kangal Akkaraman sheep, 35 rams, and their 140 offspring, raised on farms and bred using controlled mating. The panels were created according to probability of exclusion (PE) of 17 studied microsatellites. A total of 240 alleles were detected across 17 microsatellite loci. The overall mean value of the polymorphic information content (PIC) (0.78) indicated that the …

The First-Time Isolation Of Brucella Canis From Two Aborted Bitches In A Kennel In Turkey, Ahmet Murat Sayteki̇n, Mustafa Sencer Karagül, Buket Altuntaş, Gülseren Yildiz Öz, Gülnaz Meci̇toğlu, Özge Yilmaz

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Brucella canis is defined as the specific agent that is responsible for canine brucellosis. In this study, B. canis was isolated and identified from the clinical materials belonging to 2 dogs kept in a breeding kennel in Turkey and brought to the researchers? clinic with abortion complaints. With this study, for the first time ever, B. canis isolation and identification was made from dogs that aborted in a kennel. This study emphasizes

Survey Of Dirofilaria Immitis In Dogs From Sivas Province In Thecentral Anatolia Region Of Turkey, Ahmet Duran Ataş, Kürşat Altay, Ahmet Ali̇m, Erkan Özkan

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this research, we investigate the prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis infection in dogs using microscopical, serological, and molecular methods from the Central Anatolia Region (Sivas) of Turkey and reveal the associated risk factors. Whole blood and serum samples were obtained from 306 dogs older than 7 months. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the modified Knott's method (Knott) were used for detecting the microfilaria and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was applied for the presence of D. immitis antigens. The prevalence of D. immitis in dogs was detected as 2.9% (9/306) by PCR and ELISA and as 1.3% (4/306) by Knott. All …

Application Of Reproductive Biotechnologies For Sustainableproduction Of Livestock In Turkey, Abdullah Kaya, Erdoğan Güneş, Erdoğan Memi̇li̇

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Reproductive biotechnology encompasses powerful tools to enhance the efficiency and profitability of livestock reproduction, production, and product quality. These technologies include genomic selection, evaluation of semen (from bulls, bucks, and rams) using advanced cell and molecular technologies, semen cryopreservation and artificial insemination, estrus synchronization, superovulation of the females (cows, dams, and ewes), ovum pick-up, in vitro fertilization and embryo culture, embryo transfer, and pregnancy detection. The extent of applications of these modern technologies and their economic impacts for livestock production in Turkey are elusive. As a result, there is an urgent need for sound economic analyses, research and education, training …

Evaluation Of Real-Time Pcr, Mat, And Recombinant Lipl32-Based Elisa For The Diagnosis Of Canine Leptospirosis In A Disease-Endemic South Indian State, Kerala, Siju Joseph, Mangattumuruppel Mini, Vamshi Krishna Sriram, Ramachandran Ambily, Thazhathuveettil Aravindakshan, Sreedharannair Ajithkumar

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Canine samples (n = 425) collected from cases of suspected leptospirosis over a period of 6 years were tested using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT), recombinant LipL32-based IgM and IgG ELISA, and real-time PCR (RT PCR). A prevalence of 69.41% was recorded by MAT. Among the different tests, IgG ELISA was observed to have maximum agreement with that of MAT (k-0.810), followed by IgM ELISA (k-0.762.). RT PCR had only slight agreement with MAT (k-0.156). However, the percentage positivity of RT PCR with samples with MAT titers of 1:100 and 1:200 were 76.47% and 85.96%, respectively, indicating the reliability of …