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Articles 1261 - 1290 of 9777

Full-Text Articles in Veterinary Medicine

Evaluation Of Methane And Co2 Production In Growing And Finishing Cattle Raised In Conventional Or Partial Confinement-Based Herds, L. J. Mcphillips, Z. E. Carlson, Rick R. Stowell, J. C. Macdonald, Andrew E. Suyker, Galen E. Erickson Jan 2022

Evaluation Of Methane And Co2 Production In Growing And Finishing Cattle Raised In Conventional Or Partial Confinement-Based Herds, L. J. Mcphillips, Z. E. Carlson, Rick R. Stowell, J. C. Macdonald, Andrew E. Suyker, Galen E. Erickson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Methane emissions from growing and finishing calves compared either a spring calving, conventional cow system or a summer calving, partially-confined cow system. Calves weaned from the confinement-based production system were smaller at weaning and compensated with greater gain during the growing phase. More days on feed in the finishing phase were needed for the calves from the confinement system to reach same backfat thickness. Over the entire growing and finishing phases, calves from the confinement-based system produced more total CH4 and CH4 per lb. HCW. Production of methane and CO2 per lb. of gain was lower in …

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Impact Of Biochar Supplementation In Finishing Diets On Greenhouse Gas Emissions, J. L. Sperber, Braden C. Troyer, Mitchell M. Norman, Levi J. Mcphillips, Heather Nobert, Andrea K. Watson, Galen E. Erickson Jan 2022

Impact Of Biochar Supplementation In Finishing Diets On Greenhouse Gas Emissions, J. L. Sperber, Braden C. Troyer, Mitchell M. Norman, Levi J. Mcphillips, Heather Nobert, Andrea K. Watson, Galen E. Erickson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A study was conducted to evaluate the impact of feeding biochar in a finishing diet on cattle performance, methane and carbon dioxide emissions, and carcass characteristics. Two treatments were evaluated, a high-concentrate control diet without biochar and a diet with biochar included at 1.0% of the diet dry matter, replacing high moisture corn in the diet. Pens of cattle were rotated through a two-sided emissions barn (2 pens evaluated simultaneously) to capture CH4 and CO2 production. There were no statistical differences in gas emissions for biochar supplemented steers compared to control. There was a 2.4% decrease in dry matter intake …

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Impact Of A Natural Feed Additive Using Direct Fed Microbes On Finishing Beef Cattle Performance And Liver Abscess Rate, Kelton C. Adair, Alison C. Bartenslager, Zachary E. Carlson, Galen E. Erickson, Samodha C. Fernando, J. C. Macdonald Jan 2022

Impact Of A Natural Feed Additive Using Direct Fed Microbes On Finishing Beef Cattle Performance And Liver Abscess Rate, Kelton C. Adair, Alison C. Bartenslager, Zachary E. Carlson, Galen E. Erickson, Samodha C. Fernando, J. C. Macdonald

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A feedlot study with individually fed steers (n=60) was conducted comparing a natural feed additive (Direct Fed Microbial) to no feed additive (control) on performance and liver abscess rate of finishing beef cattle. There were no significant differences between treatments on intake, gain, feed conversion, or hot carcass weight and carcass traits. Liver abscess occurrence and severity were similar for both treatments with 4/29 steers having abscessed livers in the control group and 3/29 steers in the group that received direct fed microbials. The direct fed microbial feed additive fed in this exploratory study did not significantly affect performance, liver …

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Evaluation Of Processing Technique For High-Moisture And Dry Corn On Nutrient Digestion When Fed To Finishing Cattle, Caitlin A. Coulson, Mitch M. Norman, Nicole M. Woita, Hannah C. Wilson, Kylie M. Butterfield, Tyler J. Spore, Galen E. Erickson Jan 2022

Evaluation Of Processing Technique For High-Moisture And Dry Corn On Nutrient Digestion When Fed To Finishing Cattle, Caitlin A. Coulson, Mitch M. Norman, Nicole M. Woita, Hannah C. Wilson, Kylie M. Butterfield, Tyler J. Spore, Galen E. Erickson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A digestion trial was conducted to determine the effect of corn milling method when processing dry or high-moisture corn on nutrient digestion. Treatments were evaluated as a 2 × 2 factorial with the first factor as corn type [dry corn or high-moisture corn] and second factor as mill type [roller mill or hammer mill]. Feeding high-moisture corn decreased the amount of excreted dry matter and organic matter regardless of processing method, but there tended to be an interaction between corn type and milling method for digestibility. There was no difference between milling treatments fed as high-moisture corn, but hammer milled …

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Impact Of Steam-Flaked Rye Fed In Combination With Steam-Flaked Corn On Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Yearling Steers, Samantha K. Wagner, Braden T. Troyer, Levi J. Mcphillips, Rebecca S. Brattain, Galen E. Erickson Jan 2022

Impact Of Steam-Flaked Rye Fed In Combination With Steam-Flaked Corn On Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Yearling Steers, Samantha K. Wagner, Braden T. Troyer, Levi J. Mcphillips, Rebecca S. Brattain, Galen E. Erickson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A finishing study evaluated the effect of feeding steam-flaked rye on performance and carcass characteristics of yearling steers. Treatments consisted of different ratios of steam-flaked rye to steam-flaked corn. The ratios were 0:100, 25:75, 50:50, and 100:0 rye:corn. Increasing inclusions of rye linearly decreased final body weight, dry matter intake, average daily gain, and hot carcass weight. As a result, feed conversion was poorer as rye replaced corn. Carcass characteristics reflected lower gain with linear decreases in marbling score, ribeye area, and backfat thickness. There was no difference in yield grade among treatments. Based on dietary energy calculated from performance, …

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Evaluating Performance Of Cattle Fed Steam-Flaked Corn Based Finishing Diets Fed Increasing Inclusions Of Wet Or Modified Distillers Grains, Braden C. Troyer, Levi J. Mcphillips, Mitchell M. Norman, Galen E. Erickson Jan 2022

Evaluating Performance Of Cattle Fed Steam-Flaked Corn Based Finishing Diets Fed Increasing Inclusions Of Wet Or Modified Distillers Grains, Braden C. Troyer, Levi J. Mcphillips, Mitchell M. Norman, Galen E. Erickson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A finishing trial using 560 calf-fed steers was conducted to evaluate the effect of distillers type and inclusion on finishing cattle performance and carcass characteristics in steam-flaked corn based diets. Treatments were applied in a 2 × 3 + 1 factorial arrangement, with the first factor being distillers type (modified distillers grains plus solubles or wet distillers grains plus solubles) and the second factor being distillers grains inclusion of 10%, 20%, or 30%, as well as a control diet containing no distillers. There was an interaction between inclusion and type of distillers for feed conversion. A linear improvement in feed …

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Effect Of Finishing Cattle With Blends Of High Moisture And Steam-Flaked Corn With And Without Distillers Grains, Braden C. Troyer, Zac C. Carlson, Levi J. Mcphillips, Mitchell M. Norman, Andrea K. Watson, J. C. Macdonald, Galen E. Erickson Jan 2022

Effect Of Finishing Cattle With Blends Of High Moisture And Steam-Flaked Corn With And Without Distillers Grains, Braden C. Troyer, Zac C. Carlson, Levi J. Mcphillips, Mitchell M. Norman, Andrea K. Watson, J. C. Macdonald, Galen E. Erickson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

The objective of this study was to determine the impacts of feeding different ratios of high-moisture corn and steam-flaked corn in diets with or without distillers grains and test for an associative effect between grain processing methods. Steers (n=120; BW=775 ± 15.6 lb) were assigned randomly to one of 8 diets. Diets tested included 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100 of high-moisture corn:steam-flaked corn in diets with 20% modified distillers grains or 100:0, 50:50, and 0:100 in diets without distillers grains. There was an interaction observed for average daily gain as gain improved in 50:50 blends of HMC:SFC in diets …

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Characterizing Digestion Traits Of Novel Corn Bran Products, Jiehua Xiong, Chanon Suntara, Rebecca Sjostrand, Tyler Spore, Maggie Youngers, Rick Stock, Galen E. Erickson, J. C. Macdonald Jan 2022

Characterizing Digestion Traits Of Novel Corn Bran Products, Jiehua Xiong, Chanon Suntara, Rebecca Sjostrand, Tyler Spore, Maggie Youngers, Rick Stock, Galen E. Erickson, J. C. Macdonald

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A digestion study was conducted to evaluate novel corn bran products from Cargill Corn Milling on nutrient digestibility in beef steers. Three bran products (Bran A/B/C) were included at 70% of diet dry matter of TRT A, B and C, with an internal control (SFC control) diet which consisted of 70% SFC. The SFC control exhibited the greatest dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and starch digestibility, and the least neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility. Among TRT A, B and C when bran products were included at 70%, there was no difference in DM or OM intake and digestibility. NDF …

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Interaction Of Sweet Bran Inclusion And Corn Processing Method In Beef Finishing Diets On Digestibility, Rebecca L. Sjostrand, Kathlyn Hauxwell, Maggie Youngers, Rick Stock, J. C. Macdonald, Galen E. Erickson Jan 2022

Interaction Of Sweet Bran Inclusion And Corn Processing Method In Beef Finishing Diets On Digestibility, Rebecca L. Sjostrand, Kathlyn Hauxwell, Maggie Youngers, Rick Stock, J. C. Macdonald, Galen E. Erickson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Six ruminally and duodenally fistulated steers were utilized in a 6 × 6 Latin square design to evaluate the interaction of corn processing method and Sweet Bran inclusion in finishing diets on total tract digestibility and rumen fermentation characteristics. Treatments were designed as a 2 × 3 factorial, with one factor as corn processing method (steam-flaked corn or a blend of high-moisture and dry-rolled corn) and the second factor as Sweet Bran inclusion at 0, 20, or 40% of diet dry matter. Cattle fed steam-flaked corn diets had greater starch digestibility while cattle fed high-moisture/ dry-rolled corn diets had greater …

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Evaluation Of Models To Predict Dry Matter Intake Of Forage Based Diets, Aksel Wiseman, Andrea K. Watson, Rick Stock, Terry Klopfenstein Jan 2022

Evaluation Of Models To Predict Dry Matter Intake Of Forage Based Diets, Aksel Wiseman, Andrea K. Watson, Rick Stock, Terry Klopfenstein

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Dry matter intake (DMI) data from growing cattle experiments at the Eastern Nebraska Research and Extension Center were summarized in order to evaluate the accuracy of model predicted DMI. Cattle were fed individually (n = 78) or in pens (n = 15) and predicted DMI using the Beef Cattle Nutrient Requirements Model (BCNRM, 2016) was compared to observed DMI. The model over predicted DMI when total digestible nutrients (TDN) was less than 64%, under predicted DMI when dietary TDN was greater than 64%, and had a low accuracy, explaining less than 22% of the variation in DMI. An equation to …

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Interaction Of Urea With Frequency And Amount Of Distillers Grains Supplementation For Growing Steers, Haley F. Linder, Zachary E. Carlson, M. E. Drewnoski, J. C. Macdonald Jan 2022

Interaction Of Urea With Frequency And Amount Of Distillers Grains Supplementation For Growing Steers, Haley F. Linder, Zachary E. Carlson, M. E. Drewnoski, J. C. Macdonald

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A study was conducted to determine the interaction of urea with the frequency and amount of distillers grain supplementation for growing steers consuming forage. Steers were individually fed for 84 d and received ad libitum grass hay and 1 of 8 treatments. Treatment design was a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial. Supplement was fed either every day or 3x/ week, amount of supplement fed was 13.99 lb/week or 28.00 lb/week, and contained either no urea or 1.3% urea. Supplementation frequency and the inclusion of urea did not impact steer average daily gain. The amount of supplement did impacted steer …

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Impact Of Urea On Corn Silage Growing Cattle Diets, Tyler J. Spore, Hannah C. Wilson, Nolan R. Meier, Galen E. Erickson, James C. Macdonald, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Andrea K. Watson Jan 2022

Impact Of Urea On Corn Silage Growing Cattle Diets, Tyler J. Spore, Hannah C. Wilson, Nolan R. Meier, Galen E. Erickson, James C. Macdonald, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Andrea K. Watson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of increasing urea in a corn silage growing cattle diet and ensiling time impact on rumen undegradable protein content of corn silage. Four treatments (urea inclusion at 0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5% of diet dry matter) were evaluated in diets containing 95% corn silage using 10 ruminally and duodenally cannulated heifers. Corn silage was sampled 5 times (every 32 days) to determine rumen undegradable protein content. Intake and total tract digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and neutral detergent fiber all increased linearly with increasing inclusion of urea in the diet. Measured …

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Growth Performance In Livestock With Stress-Induced Low Birthweight Is Recovered By Clenbuterol Administration, Rachel L. Gibbs, Rebecca M. Swanson, Joslyn K. Beard, Ty B. Schmidt, Jessica Lynn Petersen, Dustin T. Yates Jan 2022

Growth Performance In Livestock With Stress-Induced Low Birthweight Is Recovered By Clenbuterol Administration, Rachel L. Gibbs, Rebecca M. Swanson, Joslyn K. Beard, Ty B. Schmidt, Jessica Lynn Petersen, Dustin T. Yates

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Stress in pregnant livestock causes pathological low birthweight of the offspring and diminishes their muscle growth capacity. Using sheep as a model for beef cattle, this study determined that the limited growth capacity of offspring with stress-induced low birthweight could be recovered by postnatal treatments. Muscle in these animals has less growth-promoting β2 adrenergic activity and thus the injectable β2 adrenergic stimulant clenbuterol was used as a daily treatment. Lambs with stress-induced low birthweight continued to exhibit impaired muscle growth and feed efficiency well past the normal age for weaning. In addition, they began to put on excess fat around …

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Zipaterol Supplementation Improved Indicators Of Well-Being, But Not Growth In Heat-Stressed Red Angus Steers, Pablo C. Grijalva, Duarte E. Diaz, Samuel R. Garcia, Ty B. Schmidt, Jessica Lynn Petersen, Dustin T. Yates Jan 2022

Zipaterol Supplementation Improved Indicators Of Well-Being, But Not Growth In Heat-Stressed Red Angus Steers, Pablo C. Grijalva, Duarte E. Diaz, Samuel R. Garcia, Ty B. Schmidt, Jessica Lynn Petersen, Dustin T. Yates

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

The effects of zilpaterol (β2 agonist) supplementation on respiration rate, body temperature, growth, and carcass traits were studied in chronically heat-stressed feedlot steers. Through a collaborative partnership with the University of Arizona, Red Angus steers were heat stressed (90-105oF) and fed zilpaterol-supplemented rations (Thermo-neutral control steers were pair-fed to the average feed intake of heat-stressed steers) for 30 days. Hot and cold carcass weights for heat-stressed cattle were 3% less than for controls, despite equal feed intake. Zilpaterol did not affect growth but improved the heat stress-induced hyperventilation and elevated body temperatures. Lighter carcass weights in heat-stressed cattle …

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Inflammatory Modulators Improve Daily Gain Of Heat-Stressed Wethers, Micah S. Most, Pablo C. Grijalva, Dustin T. Yates Jan 2022

Inflammatory Modulators Improve Daily Gain Of Heat-Stressed Wethers, Micah S. Most, Pablo C. Grijalva, Dustin T. Yates

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Inflammation during heat stress may mediate poor growth in livestock. The effects of anti-imflammatory treatments on muscle growth during chronic heat stress were evaluated by using meat lambs as a smaller cheaper model for feedlot steers. Wethers were maintained in normal (75oF) or heat stress (105oF for 12 hours/day, 85oF for 12 hours/day) environments for 30 days and received dexamethasone injections every 3 days, oral fish oil supplementation twice daily, or no intervention. Growth was tracked and muscles were weighed when harvested afterward. Dexamethasone and fish oil both increased average daily gain over the …

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Impact Of Cow Size On Economic Profitability In Cow-Calf And Feedlot Production Systmes, Robert L. Ziegler, Elliott James Dennis, J. A. Musgrave, T. L. Meyer, R. Funston, Kathryn J. Hanford, J. C. Macdonald, J. Travis Mulliniks Jan 2022

Impact Of Cow Size On Economic Profitability In Cow-Calf And Feedlot Production Systmes, Robert L. Ziegler, Elliott James Dennis, J. A. Musgrave, T. L. Meyer, R. Funston, Kathryn J. Hanford, J. C. Macdonald, J. Travis Mulliniks

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

This study retrospectively evaluated the effect of cow size on profitability in the cow-calf segment and retained ownership of steer calves in the feedlot. Data were collected between 2005 to 2017 from the cowherd at Gudmundsen Sandhills Laboratory. From these data, two separate herds were assumed, one consisting of small-sized (1,000 lb) cows and another consisting of large-sized cows (1,220 lb) for the GSL cowherd. Larger cows weaned larger calves and produced heavier carcass weights of steers at slaughter. However, smaller cows generated more total pounds of output throughout the entire production system based on more calves retained in feedlots …

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Statistics Used In The Nebraska Beef Cattle Report And Teir Purpose, University Of Nebraska-Lincoln Jan 2022

Statistics Used In The Nebraska Beef Cattle Report And Teir Purpose, University Of Nebraska-Lincoln

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Te purpose of beef cattle and beef product research at UNL is to provide reference information that represents the various populations (cows, calves, heifers, feeders, carcasses, retail products, etc) of beef production. Obviously, the researcher cannot apply treatments to every member of a population; therefore he/she must sample the population. Te use of statistics allows the researcher and readers of the Nebraska Beef Cattle Report the opportunity to evaluate separation of random (chance) occurrences and real biological effects of a treatment. Following is a brief description of the major statistics used in the beef report. For a more detailed description …

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Economics Of Grazing Calves On Oats Planted After Corn Silage In Eastern Nebraska, Kallie J. Calus, Mckenna M. Brinton, Benjamin H. Hansen, Kristen M. Ulmer, Zachery E. Carlson, Fred H. Hilscher, M. E. Drewnoski, Jay Parsons, J. C. Macdonald Jan 2022

Economics Of Grazing Calves On Oats Planted After Corn Silage In Eastern Nebraska, Kallie J. Calus, Mckenna M. Brinton, Benjamin H. Hansen, Kristen M. Ulmer, Zachery E. Carlson, Fred H. Hilscher, M. E. Drewnoski, Jay Parsons, J. C. Macdonald

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A five-year study (2015–2019) evaluated profitability of planting and grazing an oats cover crop after early harvested corn silage in eastern Nebraska. Oats were typically planted in the first week of September. Stocking rate ranged from 1.7 to 0.6 steers per acre and was based on oats biomass. Calves were turned out in early November each year and allowed to graze until oats biomass or weather limited intake. Grazing period ranged from 30 to 69 days. Average daily gain of calves ranged from 3.35 to 1.29 pounds with an average of 1.97 pounds. Shortened grazing seasons in some years were …

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Momentary Energy Levels In Healthcare Professionals Working With Facility Dogs, Shania Sinha, Clare Jensen, Marguerite O'Haire Jan 2022

Momentary Energy Levels In Healthcare Professionals Working With Facility Dogs, Shania Sinha, Clare Jensen, Marguerite O'Haire

Discovery Undergraduate Interdisciplinary Research Internship

Past research has shown that pediatric healthcare professionals working with full-time therapy dogs (facility dogs) reported less work-related burnout and better mental health overall. However, specific in-the-moment effects of facility dogs on healthcare professionals have yet to be examined. The purpose of this study was to use Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) to assess the effects of facility dog presence on momentary energy levels of pediatric healthcare professionals. EMA data for the present study were collected from 122 healthcare professionals working in pediatric hospitals. Within the sample, participants working with a facility dog (handlers; n=61) were …

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Guanabenz In The Horse – A Preliminary Report On Clinical Effects And Comparison To Clonidine And Other Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists, Andreas F. Lehner, L. Dirikolu, Thomas Tobin Jan 2022

Guanabenz In The Horse – A Preliminary Report On Clinical Effects And Comparison To Clonidine And Other Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists, Andreas F. Lehner, L. Dirikolu, Thomas Tobin

Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

In veterinary medicine, a number of alpha-2 receptor agonists are marketed as sedatives/hypnotics and analgesics, with their principal use being the chemical restraint of large and small animals. Guanabenz (Wytensin®) is an alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist marketed for use in humans as an anti-hypertensive agent. Recent reports indicate that guanabenz has been administered to horses in small doses (0.04 mg/kg) for its anti-hypertensive effects. While this offers both benefits of sedation of the horse as well as amelioration of pulmonary hypertension during running exercise and consequent Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage (EIPH), guanabenz is currently proscribed in most racing jurisdictions and its …

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Sentience And Sentient Minds, John Anthony Webster Jan 2022

Sentience And Sentient Minds, John Anthony Webster

Animal Sentience

My commentary builds on Rowan et al.’s (2022) comprehensive review to address the question ‘what do we mean by sentience?’ It suggests how we might recognise degrees of sentience within the animal kingdom, ranging from primitive sensations such as hunger and pain to more complex emotions that determine quality of life.

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Therapeutic Efficacy Of Subconjunctival Injectionof Canine Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells On Canine Spontaneous Chronic Corneal Epithelial Defect, Pechchalee Kengkla Jan 2022

Therapeutic Efficacy Of Subconjunctival Injectionof Canine Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells On Canine Spontaneous Chronic Corneal Epithelial Defect, Pechchalee Kengkla

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Spontaneous chronic corneal epithelial defects (SCCEDs) are important corneal injuries in dogs. Canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (cAD-MSCs) was used for treatment of various types of corneal ulcers in dogs. This study aimed to evaluate clinical outcomes and concentrations of tear fluid cytokine after subconjunctival injection of cAD-MSCs in canine SCCEDs. 9 canine SCCEDs eyes previously treated by debridement twice were included into this study. All eyes received a single subconjunctival injection of 1x106 cAD-MSCs. Ophthalmic examinations were undergone at day 7, 14 and 21 after treatment. Photographs of the cornea were taken to assess corneal epithelial defect, neovascularization and …

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Role Of Host Restriction Factors On Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus (Prrsv) Replication, Pratik Katwal Jan 2022

Role Of Host Restriction Factors On Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus (Prrsv) Replication, Pratik Katwal

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In this study, the role of IFITM3 on PRRSV replication was studied in vitro by expressing exogenous IFITM3 in MARC-145 cells. An average of 31% reduction in PRRSV N protein expression and an average of 5.4 fold decrease in virus titer in the supernatant were observed in IFITM3 overexpressing cells as compared to vector control cells at 24 hours post infection (hpi). Moreover, there was a positive correlation between interferon- induced IFITM3 up-regulation and reduced PRRSV replication. To determine the role of endogenous IFITM3 in PRRSV replication, siRNA induced knockdown of IFITM3 was employed. RT-PCR validated the successful silencing of …

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Emerging Respiratory Viral Pathogens, April Nelsen Jan 2022

Emerging Respiratory Viral Pathogens, April Nelsen

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Respiratory disease is arguably the most important health concern for the production animal industry [1-3]. Respiratory problems accounted for the highest mortality both in the swine and beef industries [1, 4]. Respiratory pathogens remain the most vital for swine and bovine research and disease monitoring [2, 5-7]. As pathogens, in particular viral pathogens, mutate, novel disease-causing viruses emerge, and there becomes an increasing concern and need for identification with control perimeters. One frequently identified disease syndrome is Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex (PRDC). PRDC is characterized by pneumonia of mixed respiratory infections with contributions from the environment and management practices. The …

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Dissecting The Cellular Landscape And Transcriptome Network In Viral Myocarditis By Single-Cell Rna Sequencing, Ninaad Lasrado, Nicholas Borcherding, Rajkumar Arumugam, Timothy K. Starr, Jay Reddy Jan 2022

Dissecting The Cellular Landscape And Transcriptome Network In Viral Myocarditis By Single-Cell Rna Sequencing, Ninaad Lasrado, Nicholas Borcherding, Rajkumar Arumugam, Timothy K. Starr, Jay Reddy

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)-induced myocarditis is commonly employed to study viral pathogenesis in mice.Chronically affected micemaydevelop dilated cardiomyopathy, which may involve the mediation of immune and nonimmune cells. To dissect this complexity, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing on heart cells from healthy and myocarditic mice, leading us to note significant proportions of myeloid cells, T cells, and fibroblasts. Although the transcriptomes of myeloid cells were mainly of M2 phenotype, the Th17 cells, CTLs, and Treg cells had signatures critical for cytotoxic functions. Fibroblasts were heterogeneous expressing genes important in fibrosis and regulation of inflammation and immune responses. The intercellular communication networks …

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The Question Is Not “Can Humans Talk?” Or “Can They Suffer?” But “Can They Reason?”, Clive Phillips Jan 2022

The Question Is Not “Can Humans Talk?” Or “Can They Suffer?” But “Can They Reason?”, Clive Phillips

Animal Sentience

In their target article, Rowan et al (2022) make a welcome attempt to chart the development of Western progress over the past two hundred years toward formally recognizing that animals feel. They outline the heroic efforts of Compassion in World Farming to gain for animals the status of sentient beings rather than merely human property. A broader view exists, from human prehistory to the present day, in which animals have been (and still are) understood to be sentient by indigenous peoples as well as by some Eastern religions. Growing recognition in the West that animals feel represents a new age …

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Time Course Investigation Of The Dermal Leukocyte Response To Lipoteichoic Acid In Chickens, Ian M. Gilbert, Jossie M. Santamaria, Gisela F. Erf Jan 2022

Time Course Investigation Of The Dermal Leukocyte Response To Lipoteichoic Acid In Chickens, Ian M. Gilbert, Jossie M. Santamaria, Gisela F. Erf

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is a cell-wall polymer in Gram-positive bacteria that stimulates inflammation. Few studies have investigated in vivo immune response to LTA, and none of the in vivo studies have been performed in birds. For this project, the pulp (a skin derivative) of growing feathers (GF) of chickens was used to investigate the in vivo effects of intradermally injected LTA. In Study 1, GF of chickens were injected with 10 μL of differing concentrations of LTA (0.1, 1.0, 10, 100 or 250 μg LTA/mL; 3 chickens/dose). Growing feathers were plucked before injection (0 h) and at 6, 24, 48, …

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Nail Cortisol For Welfare Assessment In Shelter And Owned Cats, Minh Pham Quoc Anh Jan 2022

Nail Cortisol For Welfare Assessment In Shelter And Owned Cats, Minh Pham Quoc Anh

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Shelter cats are vulnerable to stress due to the challenging circumstances they face, including confinement, unfamiliar environments, people, and animals. This vulnerability often leads to welfare issues, emphasizing the importance of assessing and improving their well-being. Measuring cortisol levels, a stress hormone, from nails has emerged as a non-invasive method to evaluate the stress response in humans and other animals. This study aimed to apply nail cortisol for welfare assessment in cats by measuring and comparing nail cortisol concentrations (NCCs) of owned cats and shelter cats living in different conditions. Nails of 31 owned cats (OC), 29 shelter cats living …

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Canine Pd-L1 Mrna And Protein Expression In Normal Tissues And Common Cancers, Fuengfa Damjamnong Jan 2022

Canine Pd-L1 Mrna And Protein Expression In Normal Tissues And Common Cancers, Fuengfa Damjamnong

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), an immune check points molecule, is expressed differently in various tissues and plays an important role in common cancers. The objectives of this study are to investigate the expression of canine PD-L1 mRNA and protein in normal tissues and common cancers and to determine the correlation of PD-L1 expression with histologic grading of the malignant mammary gland tumor (MGT). In the normal tissue, the highest PD-L1 mRNA expression was observed in lymph node (P<0.01). In the cancer tissues, the highest PD-L1 mRNA expression was observed in lymphoma, but not significant (P=0.224). The PD-L1 mRNA expression was higher in benign tumors compared to malignant MGT (P=0.093) but not significant. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed in formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue of normal and MGT tissue using newly developed anti-canine PD-L1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) (clone 5D2). Immunostaining was detected on epithelial cells, transitional cell, parenchymal cells, alveolar macrophages and immune cells. The immunostaining score of malignant MGTs was higher than benign MGT (P<0.05). The immunostaining score was not significantly different among histological sub-types and histological grades. The lack of correlation between PD-L1 mRNA and protein expression in canine malignant MGTs was observed. In conclusion, this anti-canine PD-L1 mAb could be used as predictive biomarker for canine MGT. This study has fulfilled and expanded a knowledge of the PD-L1 checkpoint molecule in dogs and highlights a potential of PD-L1 antibodies using for immunotherapy in canine MGTs, similar to their application in human tumors.

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Genetic And Genomic Architecture In Eight Strains Of The Laboratory Opossum Monodelphis Domestica, Xiao Xiong, Paul B. Samollow, Wenqi Cao, Richard Metz, Chao Zhang, Ana C. Leandro, John L. Vandeberg, Xu Wang Jan 2022

Genetic And Genomic Architecture In Eight Strains Of The Laboratory Opossum Monodelphis Domestica, Xiao Xiong, Paul B. Samollow, Wenqi Cao, Richard Metz, Chao Zhang, Ana C. Leandro, John L. Vandeberg, Xu Wang

School of Medicine Publications

The gray short-tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica) is an established laboratory-bred marsupial model for biomedical research. It is a critical species for comparative genomics research, providing the pivotal phylogenetic outgroup for studies of derived vs ancestral states of genomic/epigenomic characteristics for eutherian mammal lineages. To characterize the current genetic profile of this laboratory marsupial, we examined 79 individuals from eight established laboratory strains. Double digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing and whole-genome resequencing experiments were performed to investigate the genetic architecture in these strains. A total of 66,640 highquality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified. We analyzed SNP density, average heterozygosity, nucleotide …

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