Materials Science and Engineering Commons^™

Research Of The Decomposition Process Of Unenriched Phosphate Raw Materials Of Central Kyzylkum With Nitric And Sulfuric Acids, Husan A. Zikirov, Ruslan Ch. Yorbobaev, Kholtura Ch. Mirzakulov

CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

The aim of the research is to establish the optimal technological parameters of the process of decomposition of unenriched phosphate raw materials of the Central Kyzylkum nitric and sulfuric acid for processing complex nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers, to study the chemical composition, rheological properties. The coefficient of decomposition of unenriched phosphate raw materials, pH of acid pulp depending on various ratios and the total rate of nitric-sulfuric acid, as well as S:L of the environment are determined. The chemical and mineralogical composition of nitrosulphophosphate fertilizers formed after drying the ammoniated pulp are established.

Biobased Acrylate Composites With Enhanced Strength For Additive Manufacturing, Nicole Wagner, Joseph Mcwherter

Engineering Faculty Articles and Research

With the expanding use of polymers in additive manufacturing, sustainable resins for use in vat photopolymerization are required to reduce their environmental impact. One promising approach to achieve this is to incorporate biobased fillers that replace the acrylates in photopolymer resins as ‘green’ alternatives. In this study, photopolymer composites consisting of a methacrylate resin with varying calcium carbonate powder content between 0 and 50 wt.% were investigated. A digital light processing technique was used to fabricate tensile test specimens for mechanical testing. Good printability, dimensional accuracy, and good interlayer adhesion were observed for composite resin formulations that incorporated calcium carbonate …

Selective Leaching Of Rare Earth Elements From Complex Rare Earth Ore Using Deep Eutectic Solvents, Frank Agyemang, Mehran Saddat, Zainab Nasrullah, Richard Ladouceur

Metallurgical & Materials Engineering

Rare earth elements (REEs) are valuable for various modern technological applications, including metallurgy, machine building, radio electronics, instrument engineering, nuclear engineering, and manufacturing. The extraction and separation of rare earth elements (REEs) from their complex ores is challenging due to their distinct physical and chemical properties, contributing to their market scarcity. At present, REE recovery utilizes traditional pyro- or hydrometallurgical processes. The overall process in the recovery and separation of individual elements from complex REE systems suffers from high energy demands and the use of many hazardous chemicals that negatively impact the environment. With the growing trend toward a circular …

Process Intensification By Resonant Vibratory Mixing For The Recyclable Samarium - Cobalt Magnets After Chemical Leaching With Deep Eutectic Solvents, Zainab Nasrullah, Frank Agyemang, Mehran Saddat, Richard Ladouceur

Metallurgical & Materials Engineering

To sustain the circular economy, defense applications, and other renewable technologies, recycling rare earth elements (REEs) and other critical elements from their secondary resources is important. This cause has resulted in rigorous research and development for viable extraction and separation of REEs. Previously, Sm-Co recycling has been done with technologies, which fall under the categories of pyrometallurgy, physical separation, and hydrometallurgy. All these methods have limitations associated with energy, cost, and environment. Reportedly, the chemical leaching technology has successfully recovered and separated Sm-Co. Still, it has limitations associated with slow mass transfer and leaching kinetics, and there is a need …

Simulation-Based Models For Postearthquake Response: A Survey And Research Directions, Abhijit Gosavi, Lauryn A. Spearing, Lesley H. Sneed

Engineering Management and Systems Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Computer simulation is increasingly being used by emergency planners as a tool to improve disaster response given that it can model real-world scenarios, such as earthquakes. Although there has been an increase in simulation research focused on disaster response, much of this literature is from disparate fields and across disaster scenarios. To bridge this gap, this paper surveys simulation-based models for post-earthquake response from the year 2000 onward. Advantages of simulation over closed-form statistical models are discussed. Three main subproblems in post-earthquake response models are explored: (1) service distribution (e.g., food, water), (2) infrastructure restoration (at the building and transportation …

Rheology And Early-Age Structure Development In Binary And Ternary Blends Modified With Novel Graphene Types, Sahil Surehali, Collin Gustafson, Sayee Srikarah Volaity, Ranjith Divigalpitiya, Aditya Kumar, Narayanan Neithalath

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Interest in the use of graphene to enhance the properties of cementitious materials is growing, but major impediments in implementation are the cost of graphene and changes in binder rheology attributable to these nanomaterials. This study explores the influence of novel, cost-effective, environment-friendly, and mass-producible graphene on the rheology and early-age structure development of cementitious binders. Two novel graphene types—fractal graphene (FG) and reactive graphene (RG)—are used in plain cement mixtures as well as those containing 30 % (by mass) of fly ash and/or limestone powder, at low dosages of ≤0.02 % by mass of binder. The early- and later-age …

Influence Of Temperature, Oxygen Partial Pressure, And Microstructure On The High-Temperature Oxidation Behavior Of The Sic Layer Of Triso Particles, Visharad Jalan, Adam Bratten, Meng Shi, Tyler Gerczak, Haiyan Zhao, Jonathan D. Poplawsky, Xiaoqing He, Grant Helmreich, Haiming Wen

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Tri structural isotropic (TRISO)-coated fuel particles are designed for use in high-temperature gas-cooled nuclear reactors, featuring a structural SiC layer that may be exposed to oxygen-rich environments over 1000 °C. Surrogate TRISO particles were tested in 0.2–20 kPa O2 atmospheres to observe the differences in oxidation behavior. Oxide growth mechanisms remained consistent from 1200–1600 °C for each PO2, with activation energies of 228 ± 7 kJ/mol for 20 kPa O2 and 188 ± 8 kJ/mol for 0.2 kPa O2. At 1600 °C, kinetic analysis revealed a change in oxide growth mechanisms between 0.2 and 6 kPa O2. In 0.2 kPa …

Thermally Stimulated Stiffening And Fly Ash's Alkaline Activation By Ca(Oh)2 Addition Facilitates 3d-Printing, Xiaodi Dai, Sharu Bhagavathi Kandy, Narayanan Neithalath, Aditya Kumar, Mathieu Bauchy, Edward Garboczi, Torben Gaedt, Samanvaya Srivastava, Gaurav Sant

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

3D-printing could offer substantial benefits to the construction industry including the fabrication of customized/bespoke components, eliminating formwork, and reducing material waste. Despite these advantages, control of the pumpability, extrudability, and buildability of 3D-printed concrete (3DPC) remains challenging. This study demonstrates how the use of fly ash (FA) enables enhanced thermal stiffening, and rapid alkali-activation in the presence of portlandite (Ca(OH)2, CH). In general, blends of CH and FA exhibit less structural build-up at low temperatures, but upon reaching a trigger temperature of 75 °C, these blends achieve rapid stiffening, at rates of ∼800 Pa/s. The rapid stiffening arises from the …

Impurity Behavior In Cast Copper Anodes: Implications For Electrorefining In A Circular Economy, Agustin Morales-Aragon, Daniel Sánchez-Rodas, Guillermo Ríos, Michael S. Moats

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The behavior of impurities in cast copper was investigated to simulate production with increased utilization of secondary sources within the framework of a circular economy. The incorporation of impurities, particularly Ni, Sn, and Sb, from recycled Cu may significantly impact the electrorefining process. In this study, commercial anodes were doped with Ni, Sn, and Sb concentrations of 2500–6500 g/t, 300–900 g/t, and 450–950 g/t, respectively. Anode concentrations of Pb and Bi were maintained at 1000 g/t and 350 g/t, respectively. As concentrations were examined at two levels, 860 or 1700 g/t, depending on the commercial anode used to create the …

Effects Of Gypsum And Limestone On Early-Age Hydration And Strength Optimization In Belite Calcium Sulfoaluminate Cement, Sai Akshay Ponduru, Bryan K. Aylas-Paredes, Taihao Han, Advaith Neithalath, Narayanan Neithalath, Gaurav Sant, Aditya Kumar

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Belite calcium sulfoaluminate cement (CSAB), an alternative to Portland cement, exhibits excellent strength at both early and later ages. However, due to its high belite content, the carbon reduction from this type of cement is not sufficient when compared to other alternative cements. To further enhance CSAB's sustainability, this study investigates the performance of CSAB when partially replaced by low-carbon mineral additives (i.e., limestone and gypsum). The primary objective is to identify the optimal mixture design by incorporating gypsum and limestone to formulate a sustainable binder that maintains high compressive strength. The CSAB is replaced (with both additives) by up …

Elevated Temperature Performance: Arc-Jet Testing Of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Zrb2 Bars Up To 2200 °C For Strength Retention Assessment, D. Sciti, A. Vinci, L. Zoli, P. Galizia, M. Mor, W. Fahrenholtz, S. Mungiguerra, R. Savino, A. M. Caporale, A. Airoldi

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

For the first time, ultra-high temperature ceramic matrix composite bars were tested inside an arc-jet facility to investigate the impact of oxidation damage on strength retention. The composite bars, which were based on a ZrB2 / SiC matrix reinforced with 45 vol% carbon fibers, were produced by slurry impregnation and sintering. The first batch was tested under 3-point (pt) bending, and two additional batches were exposed to plasma of dissociated air up to a temperature of 2200 °C for 2 min or 2.2 min and then subjected to 3-pt bending. More than 75% of the initial strength was retained even …

Effect Of Shrinkage-Mitigating Materials, Fiber Type, And Repair Thickness On Flexural Behavior Of Beams Repaired With Fiber-Reinforced Self-Consolidating Concrete, Jingjie Wei, Kamal H. Khayat

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

While self-consolidating concrete (SCC) has emerged as a highly effective approach for the repair of concrete structures, there have been few investigations regarding the effect of the combination of different fiber and shrinkage-mitigating material types (shrinkage-reducing admixture, SRA; superabsorbent polymer, SAP; and expansive agent, EA) on the flexural behavior of repaired structures. This study aims to explore the influence of three different shrinkage-mitigating materials (1.25%–2.5 % SRA, 4%–8% EA, and 0.2%–0.4 % SAP), four fiber types (two macro synthetic fibers, MSFA and MSFB; 5D hooked steel fibers, 5D; a combination of 80 % 3D hooked steel +20 % short steel …

Predicting The High Temperature Deformation Behavior Of Haynes282 By A Dislocation-Density Based Crystal Plasticity Model, Tianju Chen, Huadong Fu, Shujing Dong, Yue Zhou, Yijia Gu, Caizhi Zhou, Ridwan Sakidja

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Mechanical behavior of Haynes282 is heavily dependent upon the microstructure state, calling for mesoscale model to study the relationship between the underlying microstructure and macroscopic performance. In this work, we employ crystal plasticity finite element method (CPFEM) to explore the deformation mechanisms of Hanyes282 subjected to tensile (short-term) and creep (long-term) tests. Haynes282 is a newly developed Ni-based superalloy, containing relatively low volume fraction (≤20%) of spherical γ′ precipitate phase. A dislocation-density based model is developed to describe the tensile and the creep behavior, where a dimension reduction algorithm is proposed to obtain more accurate inter-particle spacing. Furthermore, dislocation-particle interaction …

Spark Plasma Sintering Of (Zr,Nb)C Ceramics, Jacob Stacy, Greg Hilmas, Jeremy Watts, Brian Taylor, Jhonathan Rosales

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A range of (Zr,Nb)C ceramics containing 20–50 vol% NbC were spark plasma sintered at 2000°C. The ceramics had relative densities greater than 97 %, and all compositions formed a complete solid solution. The average grain size was ∼7.1 µm over all compositions. Elastic moduli values ranged from 436 to 445 GPa, and the fracture toughness ranged from 0.8 to 2.8 MPa·m1/2 over the compositional range, both increasing with increasing NbC content. The hardnesses of the (Zr,Nb)C ceramics ranged from 19.1 to 20.2 GPa at a load of 9.81 N. The flexural strength increased from 352 to 395 MPa as the …

A Cnt Intercalated Co Porphyrin-Based Metal Organic Framework Catalyst For Oxygen Reduction Reaction, Pei-Pei He, Jin-Hua Shi, Xiao-Yu Li, Ming-Jie Liu, Zhou Fang, Jing He, Zhong-Jian Li, Xin-Sheng Peng, Qing-Gang He

Journal of Electrochemistry

The poor electronic conductivity of metal-organic framework (MOF) materials hinders their direct application in the field of electrocatalysis in fuel cells. Herein, we proposed a strategy of embedding carbon nanotubes (CNTs) during the growth process of MOF crystals, synthesizing a metalloporphyrin-based MOF catalyst TCPPCo-MOF-CNT with a unique CNT-intercalated MOF structure. Physical characterization revealed that the CNTs enhance the overall conductivity while retaining the original characteristics of the MOF and metalloporphyrin. Simultaneously, the insertion of CNTs generated adequate mesopores and created a hierarchical porous structure that enhances mass transfer efficiency. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis confirmed that the C atom in CNT …

New Insights Into Controlling The Functional Properties Of Tin Oxide-Based Materials, Alexandra Kuriganova, Nina Smirnova

Journal of Electrochemistry

Development of methodologies for fabrications of nanostructured materials that provide control over their microstructural features and compositions represents a fundamental step in the advancement of technologies for productions of materials with well-defined functional properties. Pulse electrolysis, a top-down electrochemical approach, has been demonstrated to be a viable method for producing nanostructured materials with a particular efficacy in the synthesis of tin oxides. This method allows for significant control over the composition and shape of the resulting tin oxides particles by modifying the anionic composition of the aqueous electrolyte, obviating the need for additional capping agents in the synthesis process and …

Nanostructured Graphitic Carbon Nitride For Photocatalytic And Electrochemical Applications, Muhammad Abdul Qadeer, Iqra Fareed, Asif Hussaine, Muhammad Asim Farid, Sadia Nazir, Faheem K. Butt, Ji-Jun Zou, Muhammad Tahir, Shang-Feng Du

Journal of Electrochemistry

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) exhibits great mechanical as well as thermal characteristics, making it a valuable material for use in photoelectric conversion devices, an accelerator for synthesis of organic compounds, an electrolyte for fuel cell applications or power sources, and a hydrogen storage substance and a fluorescence detector. It is fabricated using different methods, and there is a variety of morphologies and nanostructures such as zero to three dimensions that have been designed for different purposes. There are many reports about g-C₃N₄ in recent years, but a comprehensive review which covers nanostructure dimensions …

Novel Approach For The Micro Cracks Detection Of Solar Wafers And Cells, Mohd Israil, Arvind Kumar Sharma, Ekta Gupta

Al-Bahir

This paper deals with the review of various existing technique for the microcracks detection in silicon solar cell and wafer. In addition to this, we proposed a novel approach for the machine learning technique for the inspection of the cracks those are existed in the solar cell and wafer and not able to detect by the naked eyes. There are many techniques have been developed by the various researchers around the world to inspect solar cells for defect. All the techniques discussed in this article having some features and some weakness too. This paper present here gives the two-fold solution …

A Comparison Of Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy In Transmission Scanning Electron Microscopy With Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy, Jennifer Carter, Tugce Karakulak, Jeffrey Pigott

Faculty Scholarship

The objective of this work was to explore the capabilities of a field emission gun scanning electron microscope (FEG-SEM) equipped with a transmission scanning electron detector (TSEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) to identify nanoscale chemical heterogeneities in a gas atomization reaction synthesis (GARS) steel sample. The results of this analysis were compared to the same study conducted with scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) with EDS mapping. TSEM-EDS was performed using the standard spectral analysis approach, i.e., pixel-by-pixel identification of elements from the spectra, and a new principal component analysis approach to detect regions of similar spectra before identifying elemental …

Identifying The Effect Of Architecture Morphology On Wind Fields And Pm2.5 Dispersion At The Urban Block Scale Via A Combined Scheme, Bin Guo, Lu Li, Xiaowei Zhu, Zheng Wang, Miaoyi Chen, Lin Pei, Tengyue Guo

Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

This study explores the potential of architecture morphology to mitigate PM2.5 pollution through enhanced urban ventilation. Despite the recognized influence of building designs on wind and air pollution distribution at the urban block scale, specific mechanisms remain poorly understood. To address this gap, we have developed an integrative approach combining in-situ observations, Geographic Information System (GIS), Remote Sensing (RS), Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), and statistical modeling. Here, CFD simulates the flow field and PM2.5 dispersion, using in-situ observations for turbulence model selection. GIS quantify architecture morphology parameters to establish accurate CFD boundary conditions, ensuring simulations reflect real-world conditions and precise …

Effect Of Displacement Rate On Delamination Growth Rate In Unidirectional Glass Fiber Composites In Both Bridging And Non-Bridging Scenarios, Wafaa Ahmed Shaker, Taher H. Awad, Mostafa M. Elhadary

Mansoura Engineering Journal

Experimentally, the mode I delamination behavior of unidirectional glass/epoxy composites at quasi-static displacement rates of 1, 3, and 5 is explored. When comparing the variation between fracture toughness GIC values at 1 mm/min and GIC at 3 mm/min, the average variation is 30% increasing. However, the average variance in GIC between 3 mm/min and 5 mm/min is increasing by 11%. As a result, the crack propagation velocity has a noticeable effect on the value of GIC at lower speeds and a limited effect at higher speeds. The same comparison is made with bridging specimens for 1 and 3 mm/min displacement …

Optimizing And Validation Of Sustainable Uhpc With Waste Glass Powder Utilizing Modified Particle Packing Approach And Response Surface Methodology, Mohamed Taman, Elsaid Maaty, Alaa Mehrez, Ahmed Kamal Isaac

Journal of Engineering Research

The current study explores the potential of utilizing Waste glass powder (WGP) as an alternative to cement in the development of sustainable eco-friendly Ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC). UHPC mixtures underwent optimization through the application of a Modified Andreasen and Andersen (MAA) particle packing model, resulting in a reduction of cement content from 900 to 800 kg/m³. Six mixes were cast, with varying levels of cement replacement ratios with WGP up to 50%. The evaluation focuses on the flowability, dry density, and mechanical properties of UHPC at different ages using normal curing. A statistical model utilizing response surface methodology (RSM) …

Sustainable Clay Brick Manufacturing: A Review Of Mechanical Properties, Firing Technologies, Emissions, And Control Strategies, I. S. Eldeeb, Ayman Bakry, Ahmed M. Nasr, E. A. Showaib

Journal of Engineering Research

The clay brick industry, a cornerstone of global construction, faces increasing pressure to mitigate its substantial environmental footprint and improve the sustainability of its practices. The energy-intensive firing process, often reliant on coal combustion, generates significant atmospheric emissions, contributing to climate change and local air pollution. Furthermore, achieving desired mechanical properties in the final product is essential for ensuring the structural integrity and longevity of buildings. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the chemical and thermodynamic processes governing clay brick firing, exploring their influence on both emissions and the final product's mechanical strength, durability, and water absorption. We examine …

Investigating The Structure-Property Correlations Of Pyrolyzed Phenolic Resin As A Function Of Degree Of Carbonization, Ivan Gallegos, Vikas Varshney, Josh Kemppainen, Gregory Odegard

Michigan Tech Publications

Carbon-carbon (C/C) composites are attractive materials for high-speed flights and terrestrial atmospheric reentry applications due to their insulating thermal properties, thermal resistance, and high strength-to-weight ratio. It is important to understand the evolving structure-property correlations in these materials during pyrolysis, but the extreme laboratory conditions required to produce C/C composites make it difficult to quantify the properties in situ. This work presents an atomistic modeling methodology to pyrolyze a crosslinked phenolic resin network and track the evolving thermomechanical properties of the skeletal matrix during simulated pyrolysis. First, the crosslinked resin is pyrolyzed and the resulting char yield and mass density …

Validating Structural Predictions Of Conjugated Macromolecules In Espaloma-Enabled Reproducible Workflows, Madilyn E. Paul, Chris D. Jones, Eric Jankowski

Boise State University Publications and Presentations

We incorporated Espaloma forcefield parameterization into MoSDeF tools for performing molecular dynamics simulations of organic molecules with HOOMD-Blue. We compared equilibrium morphologies predicted for perylene and poly-3-hexylthiophene (P3HT) with the ESP-UA forcefield in the present work against prior work using the OPLS-UA forcefield. We found that, after resolving the chemical ambiguities in molecular topologies, ESP-UA is similar to GAFF. We observed the clustering/melting phase behavior to be similar between ESP-UA and OPLS-UA, but the base energy unit of OPLS-UA was found to better connect to experimentally measured transition temperatures. Short-range ordering measured by radial distribution functions was found to be …

Material Vulnerabilities In Aviation: A Comparative Study Of Hiduminium Rr58 In The Concorde, Siddhant Singh, Kuldeep Agarwal

Automotive and Manufacturing Engineering Technology Department Publications

The catastrophic crash of Air France Flight 4590 in the year 2000 disclosed huge flaws in the material used to manufacture the Concorde fuel tanks, Hiduminium RR58 (Aluminum 2618A). Although this alloy was selected due to its resistance to high-temperature, this research examines its thermal and mechanical vulnerabilities, especially in relation to Aluminum 7075-T3, a large-scale application of which in the Boeing 747 was widespread. By comparing tensile strength, thermal conductivity, fatigue life, and creep life, this research determines how Hiduminium RR58's over-aging susceptibility, thermal cycling degradation, and rupture due to impact were contributory causes to the disaster. The study …

Representing Structural Isomer Effects In A Coarse-Grain Model Of Poly(Ether Ketone Ketone), Chris D. Jones, Jenny W. Fothergill, Rainier Barrett, Lina N. Ghanbari, Nicholas R. Enos, Olivia Mcnair, Jeffrey Wiggins, Eric Jankowski

Boise State University Publications and Presentations

Carbon-fiber composites with thermoplastic matrices offer many processing and performance benefits in aerospace applications, but the long relaxation times of polymers make it difficult to predict how the structure of the matrix depends on its chemistry and how it was processed. Coarse-grained models of polymers can enable access to these long-time dynamics, but can have limited applicability outside the systems and state points that they are validated against. Here we develop and validate a minimal coarse-grained model of the aerospace thermoplastic poly(etherketoneketone) (PEKK). We use multistate iterative Boltzmann inversion to learn potentials with transferability across thermodynamic states relevant to PEKK …

Principles Of Advanced Manufacturing For Engineers, Xin Zhao, Walid Asad, Subha Majumder, Chenyang Zhu

Manufacturing

No abstract provided.

Synthesis And Application Of Cu-Based Ultrasmall Nanoparticles For Targeted Glioblastoma Treatment, Ryan T. Hart

Material Science and Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly malignant form of brain cancer with a bleak prognosis. Current maximal treatment involves surgical resection followed by chemo-or radiotherapy. Two critical barriers make treating GBM a formidable challenge. First, the tumor's tendril-like proliferation throughout healthy brain tissue often makes complete surgical removal and conventional radiation insufficient. Second, the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which protects the brain, unfortunately also shields GBM from life-saving anti-cancer drugs. Here, we develop a radioactive nanoparticle-based therapy that directly confronts these limitations, offering a new strategy for GBM treatment.

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a promising target for glioblastoma (GBM) treatment because …

Phase-Field Modeling Of A Protective Layer For The Suppression Of Dendrites In Metallic Anode-Based Rechargeable Batteries, Bharat R. Pant

Material Science and Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Metallic anodes, such as Lithium (Li) and Zinc (Zn), offer promise for the development of high-capacity rechargeable batteries. However, metallic anode-based batteries suffer from severe dendrite growth during the plating process, which poses safety hazards and accelerates capacity degradation. Experimental studies suggest that using a protective coating on the anode surface could potentially mitigate dendrite growth and prolong the battery’s life. However, there are limited theoretical studies on the inhibition effect of a protective layer on dendrite growth. Herein, we developed a phase-field model to simulate the impact of a protective layer on the plating and stripping cycle for Li …