Power and Energy Commons^™

Cyber Physical Emulation Of Power Grids: Co-Simulation Of Exata Cps And Hypersim, Mckayla Snow

Electrical and Computer Engineering ETDs

This thesis explores the use of cyber-physical emulation of power grids to analyze the impact of different types of cyberattacks. It outlines the co-simulation process of HYPERSIM and EXata CPS within the OPAL-RT real-time digital simulator, demonstrating various cyberattacks on two power system models. The first model is a simple communication-focused testbed for easy demonstration of co-simulation setup, while the second is a power system model of a secondary network used to assess the cybersecurity of network protector units in low-voltage networks through a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testbed. Using this testbed, the cybersecurity of the direct transfer trip (DTT) scheme is …

Development Of Laser-Induced Graphene-Based Bioanode Incorporating Thylakoid For Harvesting Energy, Amit Sarode

Biomedical Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Thylakoid-Based Biofuel Cells (TBFCs) present significant potential as renewable power sources; however, their development is impeded by challenges including delicate thylakoid membranes, limited electron transport efficiency, stability and dependence on expensive mediators. This study aimed to address these challenges by fabricating a novel photo-driven bioanode through the integration of Laser-Induced Graphene (LIG), Nb₄C₃T_x MXene, and thylakoid membranes. The fabrication process involved laser engraving to generate porous LIG electrodes, followed by MXene drop casting and thylakoid immobilization to enhance electrochemical performance and surface area. Morphological characterization supported that MXene incorporation increased active sites and surface roughness, …

Installation Of Self-Controlled Floating Bars At Water Intake Pipelines Of Pumping Stations, Oleg Yakovlevich Glovatsky, Rustam Khujakulov, Fakhriddin Jaylovovich Nasirov, Ilhom Islamov, Jorabek Abdurahman Uralov, Shakhboz Amirov

Technical science and innovation

In modern conditions, to maintain a favorable hydraulic regime on mechanical water lifting systems, it is rational to use protective structures on watercourses that use the energy of the water flow in the form of a floating tank. Based on the obtained theoretical principles, fundamentally new self-controlled floating structures were created and the hydrodynamic characteristics of the movement of an unsteady three-dimensional flow for the parameters of the wing profile were refined. The theory of unsteady three-dimensional movement of a multiphase flow with its artificial stratification and protection from selected phases in depth is used by floating guide systems at …

Mg And Fe Co-Doped Perovskites For The Electrochemical Oxidative Coupling Of Methane In Solid Oxide Electrolyzers, Luke H. Denoyer

Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs

More efficient usage of shale gas reserves and natural gas resources will allow for higher olefin yields and lower greenhouse gas emissions. The oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) is a direct pathway for converting methane to ethylene at temperatures >700 °C. The OCM process is typically regulated via the choice of catalyst, reactor conditions, temperature range and gas mixing. The electrochemical oxidative coupling of methane (E-OCM) is a modification to the OCM reaction by controlling the oxygen content via externally applied potentials to an SOEC. Perovskite oxide catalysts are useful for E-OCM due to their flexible bond networks and desired …

Metal Nitrides As Cathode Hosts For Lithium-Sulfur Batteries, Hai-Ji Xiong, Cheng-Wei Zhu, Ding-Rong Deng, Qi-Hui Wu

Journal of Electrochemistry

Lithium-sulfur batteries are considered as one of the potential solutions as integrating renewable energy systems for large-scale energy storage because of their high theoretical energy density (2600 Wh·kg^–1) and specific capacity (1675 mAh·g^–1). Currently, various strategies have been proposed to overcome the technical barriers, e.g., “shuttle effect”, capacity decay and volumetric change, which impede the successful commercialization of lithium-sulfur batteries. This paper reviews the applications of metal nitrides as the cathode hosts for high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries, summarizes the design strategies of different host materials, and discusses the relationship between the properties of metal nitrides and their …

Enhancing Cycle Life Of Graphite ‖ Lifepo4 Batteries Via Copper Substituted Li2Ni1-XCuXO2 Cathode Prelithiation Additive, Jian-Ming Zheng, Jing-Wen Zhang, Tian-Peng Jiao

Journal of Electrochemistry

Lithium nickel oxide (Li₂NiO₂), as a sacrificial cathode prelithiation additive, has been used to compensate for the lithium loss for improving the lifespan of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, high-cost Li₂NiO₂ suffers from inferior delithiation kinetics during the first cycle. Herein, we investigate the effects of the cost-effective Cu substitution of Li₂Ni_1-xCu_xO₂ (x = 0, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7) synthesized by high-temperature solid-phase method on the structure, morphology, electrochemical performance of graphite‖LiFePO₄ battery. The X-ray Diffraction (XRD) refinement result demonstrates that Cu substitution strategy is favorable …

Sno2 Particles Embedded Into Carbon Coated Mesoporous SioX Rod As High Volumetric Capacity Anode For Lithium-Ion Batteries, Jia-Lin Guo, Ni-Ni Li, Peng Zheng

Journal of Electrochemistry

Due to the high capacity and moderate volume expansion of silicon protoxide SiO_x (160%) compared with that of Si (300%), reducing silicon dioxide SiO₂ into SiO_x while maintaining its special nano-morphology makes it attractive as an anode of Li-ion batteries. Herein, through a one-pot facile high-temperature annealing route, using SBA15 as the silicon source, and embedding tin dioxide SnO₂ particles into carbon coated SiO_x, the mesoporous SiO_x-SnO₂@C rod composite was prepared and tested as the anode material. The results revealed that the SnO₂ particles were distributed uniformly in the …

The Hidden Cost Of Using Time Series Aggregation For Modeling Low-Carbon Industrial Energy Systems: An Investors’ Perspective, Markus Fleschutz

Publications

Time series aggregation (TSA) is commonly used in energy system optimization to reduce model complexity and computational expenses by selecting periods to represent the entire time series. TSA’s accuracy has traditionally been assessed by comparing the objective values between the original and TSA models (assumed error). However, evaluating TSA from an investor’s standpoint involves analyzing the performance of TSA-based energy system designs using the original time series. Therefore, we introduce the hidden error and total error, novel error metrics, to evaluate the financial implications of TSA through backtesting the TSA-based system designs using the original time series. Our analysis extends …

New Insights Into Controlling The Functional Properties Of Tin Oxide-Based Materials, Alexandra Kuriganova, Nina Smirnova

Journal of Electrochemistry

Development of methodologies for fabrications of nanostructured materials that provide control over their microstructural features and compositions represents a fundamental step in the advancement of technologies for productions of materials with well-defined functional properties. Pulse electrolysis, a top-down electrochemical approach, has been demonstrated to be a viable method for producing nanostructured materials with a particular efficacy in the synthesis of tin oxides. This method allows for significant control over the composition and shape of the resulting tin oxides particles by modifying the anionic composition of the aqueous electrolyte, obviating the need for additional capping agents in the synthesis process and …

A Cnt Intercalated Co Porphyrin-Based Metal Organic Framework Catalyst For Oxygen Reduction Reaction, Pei-Pei He, Jin-Hua Shi, Xiao-Yu Li, Ming-Jie Liu, Zhou Fang, Jing He, Zhong-Jian Li, Xin-Sheng Peng, Qing-Gang He

Journal of Electrochemistry

The poor electronic conductivity of metal-organic framework (MOF) materials hinders their direct application in the field of electrocatalysis in fuel cells. Herein, we proposed a strategy of embedding carbon nanotubes (CNTs) during the growth process of MOF crystals, synthesizing a metalloporphyrin-based MOF catalyst TCPPCo-MOF-CNT with a unique CNT-intercalated MOF structure. Physical characterization revealed that the CNTs enhance the overall conductivity while retaining the original characteristics of the MOF and metalloporphyrin. Simultaneously, the insertion of CNTs generated adequate mesopores and created a hierarchical porous structure that enhances mass transfer efficiency. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis confirmed that the C atom in CNT …

Nanostructured Graphitic Carbon Nitride For Photocatalytic And Electrochemical Applications, Muhammad Abdul Qadeer, Iqra Fareed, Asif Hussaine, Muhammad Asim Farid, Sadia Nazir, Faheem K. Butt, Ji-Jun Zou, Muhammad Tahir, Shang-Feng Du

Journal of Electrochemistry

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) exhibits great mechanical as well as thermal characteristics, making it a valuable material for use in photoelectric conversion devices, an accelerator for synthesis of organic compounds, an electrolyte for fuel cell applications or power sources, and a hydrogen storage substance and a fluorescence detector. It is fabricated using different methods, and there is a variety of morphologies and nanostructures such as zero to three dimensions that have been designed for different purposes. There are many reports about g-C₃N₄ in recent years, but a comprehensive review which covers nanostructure dimensions …

Long-Range Inertia Prediction Considering Contemporary Evolution Of Power Grid Networks, Peter M. Makolo

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Reduced network inertia due to high penetration levels of non-synchronous generators in modern power systems is becoming a pressing issue. As a result, very quick inertial responses are observed after contingency events in networks. Due to quick inertial responses, there is a practically very limited time interval for control actions in real-time. Thus, system operators need to understand the prior inertia values to plan, control, and operate the network securely. Long-range forecasting of the network's inertia values, in contrast to short-range forecasting techniques, can pinpoint when the network is most likely to be vulnerable in a reasonable time ahead. Thus, …

Simultaneous Optimal Sizing And Placement Of Electrical Vehicles Charging Stations And Distributed Generation Units In Electrical Distribution Networks Using Abc Technique, Abdelazim M. Salem Dr., Nora M. El-Ayaat, Ismail M. Hafez Prof., Adel Abou El Ela Prof.

Journal of Engineering Research

The continuous increment in the utilization of electric vehicles (EV’s) that represent new loads on the electrical distribution networks. The distributed generators (DG’s) have been used in the distribution networks as renewable energy sources (RES) with the main electrical distribution network for supplying significant amount of the total connected loads. The using of DG’s lead to reduce the electrical active power losses and improving the voltage profile on the distribution network. A well-planned and efficient EV’s charging infrastructure is required for effective electric mobility. This paper presents a planning study for supplying up to four EVCS’s, each one increases the …

Heavy Metals Pollution In Roadside Ecosystems, Lilian Matafu

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Heavy metals refer to metallic elements that are characterized by having a relatively high density and they are toxic or poisonous even at low concentration. They are environmental pollutant owing to toxicity and longevity in atmosphere and ability to accumulate in living things via bioaccumulation. They tend to enter in different system such as food chain. Analyses of water, soil sediment and the surrounding growing plants (Cynodon dactylon and Cyperus species) for selected heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Zn and Cu) were conducted on a roadside pond located at Boko MSB, Dar es Salaam. Pond water, soil sediments and plant samples …

A Bibliometric Analysis Of Pat-Seig Evolution As An Alternative Energy Generation Method, Emanuel J. Nyirenda

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Pumps as Turbines (PATs) coupled with Self-Excited Induction Generators (SEIGs) as an alternative energy generation method have been the subject of significant research in recent years. This paper presents a bibliometric analysis of the evolution of PAT-SEIG technology as an alternative energy generation source. An analysis of a comprehensive dataset of peer-reviewed journal articles, conference proceedings, and patents related to PAT-SEIG systems, using advanced bibliometric techniques and PRISMA to identify key research themes, influential authors, the growth of the field and patterns of collaboration, and changes in research focus over time. Over a publication period of 32 years, a total …

Assessment Of Wind Speed Characteristics And Available Wind Power Potential For Electricity Generation In Tanzania, Mwingereza John Kumwenda

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

The energy demand and its associated crises are attracting significant attention due to population increase and economic growth especially in developing countries. Fossil fuel-based energy source stand as a prominent anthropogenic resource but they are accompanied with increased carbon emissions and heightened environmental concerns. Renewable energy sources such as wind energy can offers a lot of potential for sustainable growth in the energy sector of developing nations like Tanzania. Thus, this work investigated wind speed characteristics and available wind power potential in six selected regions in Tanzania with different topographical features for future electricity generation. The data of the wind …

Efficient Operation Of Direct Coupled Solar Home Pv System: A Case Of Solar Home Pv System Installed In Dodoma, Tanzania, Sarah P. Ayeng'o

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Direct coupled Photovoltaic (PV) system is a common topology among most of the off-grid communities in the world. This topology has less components hence resulting in low investment costs. However, it suffers much losses when battery operating voltage is far from maximum power point voltage of PV modules. This scenario can be attributed by different factors such as; variation in solar radiation, load profile and temperature. Efficient operation of these systems is required in order to reduce losses. Usually in direct coupled system, PV modules are connected in parallel with batteries through a charge controller hence making PV output to …

State-Of-Charge Estimation Using Deep Learning For Electric Vehicles, Samer Yahya Ribhe Tahboub

LSU Master's Theses

This thesis investigates the application of deep learning models for State of Charge (SOC) estimation in Battery Management Systems (BMS) for electric vehicles (EVs), focusing on optimizing EV range, lifespan, and performance while addressing challenges like range anxiety. The study explores three deep learning architectures—Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Bidirectional LSTM (BiLSTM), and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU)—each designed to capture complex temporal dependencies in battery data. The LSTM model is trained on EV battery data, including voltage, current, temperature, and SOC, providing a strong baseline for SOC estimation. The BiLSTM model enhances accuracy by processing data in both forward and backward …

Lagrange Multipliers As A Metric For Early-Stage Shipboard Power System Design, Magdalen A. Barnes

Theses and Dissertations--Electrical and Computer Engineering

Integrated power systems are essential in the operation of electric ships and must function under a diverse range of conditions. In addition to routine operation, ships should be prepared to respond to challenging events that require significant amounts of power. Demanding scenarios, coupled with complex and interconnected power systems, present challenging issues. The power and energy ratings of equipment are crucial factors in the operational success of the ship; however, to meet economic constraints, balance between performance and cost must be upheld. Details regarding equipment models and specifications are typically unavailable during early-stage design. Power system modeling and simulation can …

The Rhythm Of Renewables: Minute-By-Minute Insights From Kentucky, David S. Beyerle, Noah M. Stewart, Shaun E. Lavin, Chad C. Alkire, Heather Nikolic, Samuel Kelty, Ezekiel A. Boggs, Declan Boyle, Lawrence E. Holloway, Aron Patrick

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Kentucky’s renewable energy landscape beats with a distinct rhythm shaped by ever-changing variations in sunlight, wind, rainfall, and the ever-modernizing grid that connects them. This paper analyzes minute-by-minute performance data from seven renewable and storage assets owned and operated by the PPL Corporation in Kentucky, including hydroelectric, solar, wind, and lithium-ion battery systems. Using a full year of synchronized, high-resolution data from multiple sites in the Commonwealth, the study examines daily and seasonal capacity factor trends, explores correlations among generation types, and evaluates their alignment with utility load profiles. Our analysis found 279 hours—about 3.2% of the year—with zero renewable …

Characterization And Modeling Of Polyphase Machines And Power Conditioning Components, Nathan Lockhart

Electrical Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Microgrid power configurations have become increasingly prevalent in recent power systems due to the rise of power electronic energy generation, energy storage, and the many diverse electrical demands. Microgrids offer numerous advantages over traditional power electronic networks, which rely on large rotating generators to supply power over extensive distances to multiple users. Remote power grids are particularly beneficial for smaller networks that may be isolated or have unique power requirements, often incorporating energy storage to enhance operational flexibility. Advances in power electronics, such as medium voltage DC distribution, are enhancing the reliability, redundancy, and integration capabilities of isolated microgrids.

To …

An Slo-Aware, Multi-Pronged Approach To Enhancing Resource And Energy Efficiency In Server Applications, Ning Li

Computer Science and Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Server applications operating in oversubscribed cloud environments face the dual challenges of meeting strict Quality-of-Service (QoS) requirements and improving resource and energy efficiency. As the number of user connections and workload diversity continue to grow, existing scheduling mechanisms struggle to balance QoS guarantees, fairness, resource efficiency, and power consumption. This dissertation presents a unified, cross-layer framework to address these challenges through three key contributions: AppleS, UTSLO, and REEF.

First, we propose AppleS, a user-space QoS-aware fine-grained I/O scheduling framework that delivers fair and efficient service to concurrent client connections. AppleS introduces a QoS-centric metric that guides admission control and scheduling …

Vision Of Nuclear Power Deployment In Latin America And The Caribbean: A Focus On Small Modular Reactors And The Regional Experience Of Central Argentina De Elementos Modulares, Alejandra Loreto Alfaro, Florencia Rentería, Camila Araujo

International Journal of Nuclear Security

Increasing the number of nuclear power reactors in the Latin American and Caribbean region presents technical, financial, regulatory, and environmental challenges. Focused on fostering economic stability, growth, and human capacity development, the deployment of small modular reactors (SMRs) emerges as a key aspect in the region’s energy landscape. The emergence of SMRs represents an opportunity for multidisciplinary cooperation among different sectors. To comprehensively address the challenges related to the protection of nuclear facilities in the region, the Tlatelolco Treaty and the Non-Proliferation Treaty should be strengthened as legally binding instruments to enforce the safety and safeguarding principles integral to the …

Voltage And Var Control And Real-Time Digital Simulator-Based Protection System Testing For Power Distribution Systems, Gaurav Yadav

Theses and Dissertations--Electrical and Computer Engineering

Rising power demand calls for electric distribution systems to manage peak load. One option is reducing feeder voltage, which lowers voltage-dependent load demand and may also reduce energy usage. The technique, known as Conservation Voltage Reduction (CVR), may operate independently or within a volt/var control system. This dissertation examines CVR factor calculation using measurements collected at the substation, and proposes a curve-fitting and artificial neural network method to estimate active power losses using input active power, reactive power, and substation voltage. As utilities integrate more inverter-based resources (IBRs) to support increasing demand, rapid voltage fluctuations arise due to the intermittent …

Characterization And Profile Considerations Of Nickel-Zinc Energy Storage Under High-Power And Pulsed Loads, Benjamin P. Schmitz

Electrical Engineering Theses - Archive

There are many types of energy storage devices that are available for driving high-power electrical loads. Choosing the right chemistry is difficult and factors such as energy density, power density, safety, cycle life, and recharge rate are among the many that must be considered. Lithium-ion batteries (LIB) possess the highest combined power and energy density, making them an attractive option for many applications. Previous studies at the Pulsed Power and Energy Lab (PPEL) characterized lithium-iron-phosphate (LFP) and lithium-titanate-oxide (LTO) battery chemistries. LFP’s and LTO’s have modest power density, modest energy density and modest cycle life. However, there is still potential …

Evaluation Of Electric Vehicle Batteries For Enabling High Power Loads, Maxton K. Manker

Electrical Engineering Theses - Archive

The growing demand for high-power energy storage systems in applications such as artificial intelligence (AI) data centers, industrial backup systems, and grid-level stabilization efforts presents new challenges in technology selection. These loads have a uniquely high continuous or transient power demand that can impact the stability of the electric grid. To mitigate these challenges, energy storage in the form of batteries or supercapacitors has been proposed either as stand-alone or as intelligently controlled grid buffering sources. These same types of energy storage are commonly found in electric vehicles (EV) where they must respond to abrupt throttle and braking behavior, similar …

Power Quality Event Diagnosis Using Multi-Rate Neural Networks, Jordan D. Lloyd

Electrical Engineering Theses - Archive

Power quality disturbances (PQDs) are among the primary challenges facing modern electrical systems, as they degrade the performance and lifespan of connected equipment. This thesis investigates the relationship between the rate at which voltage waveform data are sampled, the reliability of these measurements, and the ability of deep neural networks to classify PQDs accurately. A one-dimensional convolutional neural network (CNN) was trained and evaluated across multiple sampling rates and signal-to-noise ratios to quantify how information loss in the temporal and spectral domains affects classification reliability. The results demonstrate that model accuracy degrades nonlinearly as sampling rate and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) …

Characterization Of Dc Arc Flash Events Generated By Electrochemical Energy Storage, Nicolaus E. Jennings

Electrical Engineering Dissertations - Archive

The increasing rise in the use of electrochemical energy storage (ECES) like in the form of valve regulated lead acid (VRLA) batteries, lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries, electric double layer capacitors (EDLC), and metalized film, oil filled capacitors prompt new challenges concerning electric worker safety. The primary safety hazards associated with ECES are electric shock and arc flash. The electric shock hazard is well understood to the extent where it is known what potential and exposure duration will cause levels of pain and ultimately fatality. Various personal protective equipment (PPE) like insulating gloves allow electric workers to perform maintenance with sufficient protection …

Enhanced Load Detection With Data-Driven Appliance Signatures Using Mixed Integer Linear Programming In Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring, Marina Materikina

Industrial, Manufacturing, and Systems Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Despite the numerous research studies and interest in the non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) area to improve energy efficiency, the problem of accurate and precise disaggregation of electrical devices has not been solved yet. The goal of our research is to build a method with a focus on higher accuracy on complex state-based appliances, which most approaches struggle to detect due to their power signal complexity and low consumption. Our approach is NILM with data-driven signatures (DS), with the ability to potentially predict power usage over time that would work great for suitable applications such as demand response, anomaly detection, and …

An Extendable Soft-Switched Step-Up Interleaved Converter Integrated With Voltage Multiplier Cells, Amir Hasan Babanezhad, Koosha Choobdari Omran, Reza Beiranvand, Pourya Shamsi

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this paper, a multiphase high step-up interleaved converter is introduced, which ensures low-input current ripple, low-component currents, and voltage stresses. The proposed circuit guarantees ZVS operation for power switches and ZCS operation for power diodes, which significantly reduce converter switching losses and EMI emission and improve its efficiency. Therefore, its passive components volume can be reduced by using high switching frequencies. In addition, the interleaved technique reduces input current ripple and input filter volume and provides high-power density. High-voltage gain and low-voltage stresses on the components are also achieved due to the integration of the converter structure with the …