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Articles 1 - 30 of 90
Full-Text Articles in Power and Energy
Rethinking Wind In Kentucky, Lawrence E. Holloway, Aron Patrick, Dan M. Ionel
Rethinking Wind In Kentucky, Lawrence E. Holloway, Aron Patrick, Dan M. Ionel
Power and Energy Institute of Kentucky Faculty Publications
Recent analyses and developments suggest that wind energy could play a role in Kentucky's future power generation mix. This recent change in outlook for Kentucky wind has been driven by three factors: (1) improved wind turbine technologies, (2) improved economics, and (3) recent analyses showing improved grid reliability due to wind's complementarity to solar power generation.
Design Optimization Of A Direct-Drive Wind Generator With Non-Rare-Earth Pm Flux Intensifying Stator And Reluctance Rotor, Ali Mohammadi, Oluwaseun A. Badewa, Yaser Chulaee, Dan Ionel, Somasundaram Essakiappan, Madhav Manjrekar
Design Optimization Of A Direct-Drive Wind Generator With Non-Rare-Earth Pm Flux Intensifying Stator And Reluctance Rotor, Ali Mohammadi, Oluwaseun A. Badewa, Yaser Chulaee, Dan Ionel, Somasundaram Essakiappan, Madhav Manjrekar
Power and Energy Institute of Kentucky Faculty Publications
This paper presents a multi-objective design optimization for a novel direct-drive wind turbine generator. The proposed electric machine topology employs an outer rotor of the reluctance type and a special modular stator including three phase-windings and spoke-type permanent magnets (PMs). Each stator module includes a single coil toroidally wound around the ferromagnetic core. Consecutive stator modules are separated by PMs and include coils belonging to a different phase. An optimization method with three objectives: total power loss, weight, and torque ripple, and with one constraint for a minimum acceptable value for the power factor, is described. The design examples are …
Torque And Power Capabilities Of Coreless Axial Flux Machines With Surface Pms And Halbach Array Rotors, Yaser Chulaee, Donovin Lewis, Matin Vatani, John F. Eastham, Dan Ionel
Torque And Power Capabilities Of Coreless Axial Flux Machines With Surface Pms And Halbach Array Rotors, Yaser Chulaee, Donovin Lewis, Matin Vatani, John F. Eastham, Dan Ionel
Power and Energy Institute of Kentucky Faculty Publications
This paper investigates employing a Halbach PM rotor array to increase torque and power density within coreless axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) machines. Analytical and 2/3-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) methods are developed to study torque and power capabilities within an example double-rotor, single-stator coreless AFPM machine with a PCB stator. Compared to a surface PM topology of the same mass and volume, employing a Halbach array increases torque density by as much as 30% through increased airgap flux density amplitude. Multiple parametric studies are performed to explore methods of increasing torque and power density while employing Halbach arrays combined …
Circulating And Eddy Current Losses In Coreless Axial Flux Pm Machine Stators With Pcb Windings, Yaser Chulaee, Donovin Lewis, Ali Mohammadi, Greg Heins, Dean Patterson, Dan Ionel
Circulating And Eddy Current Losses In Coreless Axial Flux Pm Machine Stators With Pcb Windings, Yaser Chulaee, Donovin Lewis, Ali Mohammadi, Greg Heins, Dean Patterson, Dan Ionel
Power and Energy Institute of Kentucky Faculty Publications
Printed circuit board (PCB) stators in coreless axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) machines have been proposed, designed, and studied for use in multiple industries due to their design flexibility and reduction of manufacturing costs, volume, and weight compared to conventional stators. This paper investigates mechanisms and methods of approximating open circuit losses in PCB stators within example wave and spiral winding topologies for a dual rotor, single stator configuration using 3D FEA, analytical hybrid techniques and experiments. The effect of rotor magnet shape, end winding, and active conductor geometry on eddy currents is studied, and some mitigation techniques are proposed. …
Decarbonization Analysis For Thermal Generation And Regionally Integrated Large-Scale Renewables Based On Minutely Optimal Dispatch With A Kentucky Case Study, Donovin Lewis, Aron Patrick, Evan S. Jones, Rosemary E. Alden, Abdullah Al Hadi, Malcolm D. Mcculloch, Dan Ionel
Decarbonization Analysis For Thermal Generation And Regionally Integrated Large-Scale Renewables Based On Minutely Optimal Dispatch With A Kentucky Case Study, Donovin Lewis, Aron Patrick, Evan S. Jones, Rosemary E. Alden, Abdullah Al Hadi, Malcolm D. Mcculloch, Dan Ionel
Power and Energy Institute of Kentucky Faculty Publications
Decarbonization of existing electricity generation portfolios with large-scale renewable resources, such as wind and solar photo-voltaic (PV) facilities, is important for a transition to a sustainable energy future. This paper proposes an ultra-fast optimization method for economic dispatch of firm thermal generation using high granularity, one minute resolution load, wind, and solar PV data to more accurately capture the effects of variable renewable energy (VRE). Load-generation imbalance and operational cost are minimized in a multi-objective clustered economic dispatch problem with various generation portfolios, realistic generator flexibility, and increasing levels of VRE integration. The economic feasibility of thermal dispatch scenarios is …
Digital Twin For Hvac Load And Energy Storage Based On A Hybrid Ml Model With Cta-2045 Controls Capability, Rosemary E. Alden, Evan S. Jones, Huangjie Gong, Abdullah Al Hadi, Dan Ionel
Digital Twin For Hvac Load And Energy Storage Based On A Hybrid Ml Model With Cta-2045 Controls Capability, Rosemary E. Alden, Evan S. Jones, Huangjie Gong, Abdullah Al Hadi, Dan Ionel
Power and Energy Institute of Kentucky Faculty Publications
Building modeling, specifically heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) load and equivalent energy storage calculations, represent a key focus for decarbonization of buildings and smart grid controls. Widely used white box models, due to their complexity, are too computationally intensive to be employed in high resolution distributed energy resources (DER) platforms without simulation time delays. In this paper, an ultra-fast one-minute resolution Hybrid Machine Learning Model (HMLM) is proposed as part of a novel procedure to replicate white box models as an alternative to widespread experimental big data collection. Synthetic output data from experimentally calibrated EnergyPlus models for three existing …
Forecast Of Community Total Electric Load And Hvac Component Disaggregation Through A New Lstm-Based Method, Huangjie Gong, Rosemary E. Alden, Aron Patrick, Dan Ionel
Forecast Of Community Total Electric Load And Hvac Component Disaggregation Through A New Lstm-Based Method, Huangjie Gong, Rosemary E. Alden, Aron Patrick, Dan Ionel
Power and Energy Institute of Kentucky Faculty Publications
The forecast and estimation of total electric power demand of a residential community, its baseload, and its heating ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) power component, which represents a very large portion of a community electricity usage, are important enablers for optimal energy controls and utility planning. This paper proposes a method that employs machine learning in a multi-step integrated approach. An LSTM model for total electric power at the main circuit feeder is trained using historic multi-year hourly data, outdoor temperature, and solar irradiance. New key temperature indicators, TmHAVC, corresponding to the standby zero-power operation for HVAC systems for summer cooling …
Multi-Physics And Artificial Intelligence Models For Digital Twin Implementations Of Residential Electric Loads, Steven Poore, Rosemary E. Alden, Huangjie Gong, Dan M. Ionel
Multi-Physics And Artificial Intelligence Models For Digital Twin Implementations Of Residential Electric Loads, Steven Poore, Rosemary E. Alden, Huangjie Gong, Dan M. Ionel
Power and Energy Institute of Kentucky Faculty Publications
Heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) and electric water heating (EWH) represent residential loads. Simulating these appliances for electric load forecasting, demand response (DR) studies, and human behavior analysis using physics-based models and artificial intelligence (AI) can further advance smart home technology. This paper explains the background of residential load modeling, starting with the concept of digital twin (DT) as well as the different types of methods. Two major types of appliance load monitoring (ALM) and their advantages/disadvantages are then discussed. This is followed by a review of multiple studies on residential load modeling, particularly for HVAC, EWH, and human behavior. …
Large-Scale Modeling And Dr Control Of Electric Water Heaters With Energy Star And Cta-2045 Control Types In Distribution Power Systems, Huangjie Gong, Evan S. Jones, A. H. M. Jakaria, Aminul Huque, Ajit Renjit, Dan Ionel
Large-Scale Modeling And Dr Control Of Electric Water Heaters With Energy Star And Cta-2045 Control Types In Distribution Power Systems, Huangjie Gong, Evan S. Jones, A. H. M. Jakaria, Aminul Huque, Ajit Renjit, Dan Ionel
Power and Energy Institute of Kentucky Faculty Publications
The paper proposes a generalized energy storage (GES) model for battery energy storage systems (BESS), electric water heaters (EWH) and heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems to enable demand response control complying to Energy Star and CTA-2045 standards. The demand response control has been implemented in the DER integration testbed, which was originally developed by EPRI, to demonstrate that the “energy content” and “energy take” for BESS and EWH with mixing valve technology are comparable for typical residential ratings. A distribution power system was modeled using the modified IEEE 123-bus feeder system, measured residential loads, and EWH power simulated based …
Sizing Considerations For Ev Dynamic Wireless Charging Systems With Integrated Energy Storage, Donovin Lewis, Huangjie Gong, Gregory D. Erhardt, Rong Zeng, Omer Onar, Veda Prakash Galigekere, Burak Ozpineci, Dan Ionel
Sizing Considerations For Ev Dynamic Wireless Charging Systems With Integrated Energy Storage, Donovin Lewis, Huangjie Gong, Gregory D. Erhardt, Rong Zeng, Omer Onar, Veda Prakash Galigekere, Burak Ozpineci, Dan Ionel
Power and Energy Institute of Kentucky Faculty Publications
Roadways with dynamic wireless charging systems (DWCS) enable charge-sustaining in-motion EV charging, which can reduce charging idle time while increasing range capabilities. Spatially distributed transmitter coils are controlled in response to traffic load that varies significantly minute to minute with high power levels, very short charging time, and low system utilization like wind turbine power. Traffic load estimation and localized analysis may guide effective sizing and topology adoption for feasible and scalable DWCS deployment. DWCS traffic load approximation is reviewed with measured Automated Traffic Recorder (ATR) data and statistical distributions being used to create a synthetic load analyzed using proposed …
Stochastic Battery Soc Model Of Ev Community For V2g Operations Using Cta-2045 Standards, Huangjie Gong, Rosemary E. Alden, Dan Ionel
Stochastic Battery Soc Model Of Ev Community For V2g Operations Using Cta-2045 Standards, Huangjie Gong, Rosemary E. Alden, Dan Ionel
Power and Energy Institute of Kentucky Faculty Publications
An electric vehicle (EV) battery has large energy storage capacity in the context of residential total usage, and the potential to provide large energy reserves for Home energy Management (HEM) systems. In an electric distribution system, groups of EVs could provide vehicle-to-grid (V2G) service in response to control signals and enable virtual power plant (VPP) operation of the car batteries. The CTA-2045 standards were considered for integration of the EV controls into the HEM system for maximal interoperability with other appliances, such as residential battery, electric water heater, and heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system. The power distribution system …
A Comparative Study Of Yokeless And Segmented Armature Versus Single Sided Axial Flux Pm Machine Topologies For Electric Traction, Narges Taran, David Klink, Greg Heins, Vandana Rallabandi, Dean Patterson, Dan M. Ionel
A Comparative Study Of Yokeless And Segmented Armature Versus Single Sided Axial Flux Pm Machine Topologies For Electric Traction, Narges Taran, David Klink, Greg Heins, Vandana Rallabandi, Dean Patterson, Dan M. Ionel
Power and Energy Institute of Kentucky Faculty Publications
This article systematically compares two axial flux permanent magnet machines designed for a university student racing car application: a double-rotor single-stator yokeless and segmented armature (YASA) structure, and a single-stator single-rotor configuration. Both machines are optimized for minimum loss and active weight using three-dimensional finite element analysis and the highest performing candidate designs are compared in more detail. The studies indicate that the benefits offered by the YASA configuration over the single-stator single-rotor machine are achieved only for specific designs that are heavier. For the design space with lower mass, albeit with increased losses, the Pareto front designs overlap. In …
Virtual Power Plant Control For Large Residential Communities Using Hvac Systems For Energy Storage, Huangjie Gong, Evan S. Jones, Rosemary E. Alden, Andrew G. Frye, Donald G. Colliver, Dan M. Ionel
Virtual Power Plant Control For Large Residential Communities Using Hvac Systems For Energy Storage, Huangjie Gong, Evan S. Jones, Rosemary E. Alden, Andrew G. Frye, Donald G. Colliver, Dan M. Ionel
Power and Energy Institute of Kentucky Faculty Publications
Heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems use the most electricity of any household appliance in residential communities. HVAC system modeling facilitates the study of demand response (DR) at both the residential and power system levels. In this article, the equivalent thermal model of a reference house is proposed. Parameters for the reference house were determined based on the systematic study of experimental data obtained from fully instrumented field demonstrators. Energy storage capacity of HVAC systems is calculated and an equivalent state-of-charge is defined. The uniformity between HVAC systems and battery energy storage system is demonstrated by DR control. The aggregated …
Generalized Energy Storage Model-In-The-Loop Suitable For Energy Star And Cta-2045 Control Types, Huangjie Gong, Evan S. Jones, A. H. M. Jakaria, Aminul Huque, Ajit Renjit, Dan M. Ionel
Generalized Energy Storage Model-In-The-Loop Suitable For Energy Star And Cta-2045 Control Types, Huangjie Gong, Evan S. Jones, A. H. M. Jakaria, Aminul Huque, Ajit Renjit, Dan M. Ionel
Power and Energy Institute of Kentucky Faculty Publications
The paper proposes a generalized energy storage (GES) model for battery energy storage systems (BESS), electric water heaters (EWH) and heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems. The analogies, including state of charge versus water temperature differential, are identified and explained, and models-in-the-loop (MIL) are introduced, which are compatible with the Energy Star and CTA-2045 general specifications and command types. Emphasis is placed on the proposed EWH model as it needfully fulfills a gap in present literature. The corresponding MIL has been implemented in the DER integration testbed, which was originally developed by EPRI, and satisfactorily validated against experimental results. A …
Design Optimization Of A Very High Power Density Motor With A Reluctance Rotor And A Modular Stator Having Pms And Toroidal Windings, Peng Han, Murat G. Kesgin, Dan M. Ionel, Rohan Gosalia, Nakul Shah, Charles J. Flynn, Chandra Sekhar Goli, Somasundaram Essakiappan, Madhav Manjrekar
Design Optimization Of A Very High Power Density Motor With A Reluctance Rotor And A Modular Stator Having Pms And Toroidal Windings, Peng Han, Murat G. Kesgin, Dan M. Ionel, Rohan Gosalia, Nakul Shah, Charles J. Flynn, Chandra Sekhar Goli, Somasundaram Essakiappan, Madhav Manjrekar
Power and Energy Institute of Kentucky Faculty Publications
This paper proposes a new high power density permanent magnet (PM) motor design for traction applications to achieve the 50kW/L target set by the US Department of Energy by increasing the torque capability and operating speed compared to conventional PM machine topologies. A large-scale multi-objective design optimization based on 2D finite element analysis (FEA) and differential evolution algorithm was conducted to achieve the best trade-off among high efficiency, high power density and high power factor. The torque-speed envelopes are also checked for the Pareto front designs to make sure they have a constant power speed ratio of at least 3:1. …
Design Optimization And Experimental Study Of Coreless Axial-Flux Pm Machines With Wave Winding Pcb Stators, Peng Han, Damien Lawhorn, Yaser Chulaee, Donovin Lewis, Greg Heins, Dan M. Ionel
Design Optimization And Experimental Study Of Coreless Axial-Flux Pm Machines With Wave Winding Pcb Stators, Peng Han, Damien Lawhorn, Yaser Chulaee, Donovin Lewis, Greg Heins, Dan M. Ionel
Power and Energy Institute of Kentucky Faculty Publications
This paper presents a systematic design optimization and experimental study of coreless axial-flux permanent magnet (AFPM) machines with wave winding printed circuit board (PCB) stators. Existing PCB winding configurations are briefly reviewed and compared to serve as a performance reference. A new concept –the “macro coil”– is proposed to model PCB stator windings in 3D finite element analysis (FEA) to facilitate large-scale multi-objective optimization with the winding eddy current losses evaluated in each design candidate. The detailed trace-by-trace model for a selected optimal design is then built to check the voltage difference between parallel paths and the resulting circulating currents. …
On The Modeling Of Bearing Voltage And Current In Pwm Converter-Fed Electric Machines Using Electromagnetic Finite Element Analysis, Peng Han, Yibin Zhang, Murat G. Kesgin, Greg Heins, Dean Patterson, Mark Thiele, Dan M. Ionel
On The Modeling Of Bearing Voltage And Current In Pwm Converter-Fed Electric Machines Using Electromagnetic Finite Element Analysis, Peng Han, Yibin Zhang, Murat G. Kesgin, Greg Heins, Dean Patterson, Mark Thiele, Dan M. Ionel
Power and Energy Institute of Kentucky Faculty Publications
Bearing voltages and resulting currents in electric machines driven by PWM converters with fast switching and high dv/dt can cause premature bearing failures. With the transition from conventional Si devices to wide bandgap (WBG) devices and increase in switching frequency, bearing voltages and currents become more significant and need to be addressed from the early design stage. This paper proposes to use coupled field-circuit electromagnetic finite element analysis (FEA) to model bearing voltage and current in electric machines, which takes into account the influence of distributed winding conductors and frequency-dependent winding RL parameters. The three known bearing current types are …
Power Factor And Reactive Power In Us Residences – Survey And Energyplus Modeling, Hope C. Anderson, Abdullah Al Hadi, Evan S. Jones, Dan M. Ionel
Power Factor And Reactive Power In Us Residences – Survey And Energyplus Modeling, Hope C. Anderson, Abdullah Al Hadi, Evan S. Jones, Dan M. Ionel
Power and Energy Institute of Kentucky Faculty Publications
Electric power systems are experiencing a growing number of electronic loads in the residential sector as modern appliance technology progresses, and it has become increasingly more important to consider the total power factor (PF) of residential communities. This paper provides a survey based on literature and publicly available information of typical appliance PF values and effects at the residential level as well as a discussion on appliance energy use and corresponding operation schedules. A procedure for the calculation of equivalent PF is proposed and exemplified with minutely experimental data at 15-minute and hourly time intervals, which correspond to smart metering …
Aggregated Generic Load Curve For Residential Electric Water Heaters, Huangjie Gong, Oluwaseun M. Akeyo, Tim Rooney, Brian T. Branecky, Dan M. Ionel
Aggregated Generic Load Curve For Residential Electric Water Heaters, Huangjie Gong, Oluwaseun M. Akeyo, Tim Rooney, Brian T. Branecky, Dan M. Ionel
Power and Energy Institute of Kentucky Faculty Publications
Advanced control techniques may be used to regulate the operation of residential appliances to establish a virtual power plant. The electric water heater may be regarded as a “uni-directional battery” and a major component of a hybrid residential energy storage system. One of the main constraints of implementing demand response with EWH relates to the unpredictable customer behavior, which influences the domestic water tank temperature as well as the EWH operation cycle. This study analyzes the operation of multiple water heaters and develops an aggregated generic water heater load curve for the average residential customer based on experimental data retrieved …
Modeling Of Bearing Voltage In Electric Machines Based On Electromagnetic Fea And Measured Bearing Capacitance, Peng Han, Greg Heins, Dean Patterson, Mark Theile, Dan M. Ionel
Modeling Of Bearing Voltage In Electric Machines Based On Electromagnetic Fea And Measured Bearing Capacitance, Peng Han, Greg Heins, Dean Patterson, Mark Theile, Dan M. Ionel
Power and Energy Institute of Kentucky Faculty Publications
Bearing voltages and associated bearing currents in electric machines driven by pulsewidth modulation converters with high switching frequencies and high dv/dt can cause premature bearing failures. This article proposes a new modeling approach for the prediction of steady-state and transient bearing voltages based on two-dimensional (2-D) electromagnetic finite element analysis with coupled external circuits using measured bearing capacitance values. The distributed-element external circuit was employed mainly to take into account the influence of wire distribution and frequency dependency, which are typically neglected by traditional equivalent circuits. The developed model was then used to simulate bearing voltages for various scenarios and …
On The Design Of Coreless Permanent Magnet Machines For Electric Aircraft Propulsion, Damien Lawhorn, Peng Han, Donovin Lewis, Yaser Chulaee, Dan M. Ionel
On The Design Of Coreless Permanent Magnet Machines For Electric Aircraft Propulsion, Damien Lawhorn, Peng Han, Donovin Lewis, Yaser Chulaee, Dan M. Ionel
Power and Energy Institute of Kentucky Faculty Publications
This paper presents design and prototyping studies for coreless and slotless permanent magnet (PM) machines, which have the potential for high power density and efficiency, and discusses their feasibility for electric aircraft propulsion. The emphasis is on axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) machines with printed circuit board (PCB) stators that have advantages over their wired counterparts in terms of design flexibility, coil accuracy, manufacturing process reliability, and heat dissipation. Detailed electromagnetic finite element analysis models were developed and employed alongside analytical sizing equations to evaluate the performance of two dual-rotor single-stator coreless AFPM designs employing wave and spiral PCB winding …
Combined Use Of Ev Batteries And Pv Systems For Improving Building Resilience To Blackouts, Huangjie Gong, Dan M. Ionel
Combined Use Of Ev Batteries And Pv Systems For Improving Building Resilience To Blackouts, Huangjie Gong, Dan M. Ionel
Power and Energy Institute of Kentucky Faculty Publications
Californian residencies face increased risk of blackout. The state depends more on imported electricity that may not always be available to fill the gap between renewable generation and demand. For buildings with PV panels, storing the surplus solar power to support the load during a blackout can be achieved with a large energy storage system (ESS). The electric vehicle (EV) provides potential solutions as it can expand the energy capacity of the residential ESS with its battery. In this paper, a reference house in California was modeled in EnergyPlus. The building resilience for a house with different load percentages were …
Integrated Modular Motor Drives Based On Multiphase Axial-Flux Pm Machines With Fractional-Slot Concentrated Windings, Peng Han, Greg Heins, Yibin Zhang, Dan M. Ionel
Integrated Modular Motor Drives Based On Multiphase Axial-Flux Pm Machines With Fractional-Slot Concentrated Windings, Peng Han, Greg Heins, Yibin Zhang, Dan M. Ionel
Power and Energy Institute of Kentucky Faculty Publications
The integrated motor drive (IMD) concept with possible modularization has attracted much attention in a broad spectrum of applications ranging from low-power general-purpose industrial drives to high-power electric propulsion. This paper presents the feasibility study and performance evaluation of using common axial-flux permanent-magnet (AFPM) machines with fractional-slot concentrated windings in IMDs, with the same diameter and a minimum increase in its axial length. Different winding configurations are compared in terms of the torque/power capability and fault tolerance without changing the winding current rating. The possibility of further torque improvement is discussed from the perspective of making full use of the …
Analysis Of Torque Production In Axial-Flux Vernier Pm Machines Of The Magnus Type, Murat G. Kesgin, Peng Han, Damien Lawhorn, Dan M. Ionel
Analysis Of Torque Production In Axial-Flux Vernier Pm Machines Of The Magnus Type, Murat G. Kesgin, Peng Han, Damien Lawhorn, Dan M. Ionel
Power and Energy Institute of Kentucky Faculty Publications
The paper presents a study of the torque production in a novel vernier-type axial-flux permanent magnet (PM) machine topology named MAGNUS. Two computational methods are employed, one based on the 3D FEA Maxwell stress calculations on individual stator and rotor components and one based on the analytical derivation of the air-gap flux density harmonics. Examples are provided for a design with a 40-pole spoke-type PM rotor and two stators, one active including a 3-phase winding with 6 concentrated coils wound around main teeth in a single layer arrangement and a second stator that has neither coils nor main slots and …
Integrated Ac To Ac Converters For Single-Phase Input To Two-Phase Output Motor Drives, Yibin Zhang, Damien L. Lawhorn, Peng Han, Dan M. Ionel
Integrated Ac To Ac Converters For Single-Phase Input To Two-Phase Output Motor Drives, Yibin Zhang, Damien L. Lawhorn, Peng Han, Dan M. Ionel
Power and Energy Institute of Kentucky Faculty Publications
The single-phase to two-phase converters have become attractive for low-power motor drives due to the full electromagnetic isolation between phases of two-phase motors. One of the commonly used topologies is the ac/dc/ac pulse width modulation (PWM) converter which contains twelve active power semiconductor switches and a common dc link. To minimize the system cost and size for low power applications, an integrated ac/ac converter with a single-phase input and a two-phase output which reduces the switch count to six is proposed in this paper. Additionally, modulation scheme and filters for the proposed converter are developed and modeled in details. In …
Multi-Objective Optimization For Aircraft Power Systems Using A Network Graph Representation, Damien Lawhorn, Vandana Rallabandi, Dan M. Ionel
Multi-Objective Optimization For Aircraft Power Systems Using A Network Graph Representation, Damien Lawhorn, Vandana Rallabandi, Dan M. Ionel
Power and Energy Institute of Kentucky Faculty Publications
Today, the electrification of flight is more popular than ever, creating a wide array of concept aircraft and associated power system topologies. In order to gain insights into benefits of these varying architectures, this paper introduces the development of a framework for electric aircraft power system (EAPS) optimization. The proposed framework accepts inputs from a designer in the form of component parameters and desired flight mission characteristics. A collective graph representing many possible architectures is formed, from which, subgraphs that describe power system topologies meeting the flight requirements are extracted and analyzed. Optimal EAPS architectures with respect to goals of …
Peak Reduction And Long Term Load Forecasting For Large Residential Communities Including Smart Homes With Energy Storage, Huangjie Gong, Vandana Rallabandi, Michael L. Mcintyre, Eklas Hossain, Dan M. Ionel
Peak Reduction And Long Term Load Forecasting For Large Residential Communities Including Smart Homes With Energy Storage, Huangjie Gong, Vandana Rallabandi, Michael L. Mcintyre, Eklas Hossain, Dan M. Ionel
Power and Energy Institute of Kentucky Faculty Publications
Domestic load profiles in the residential sectors are being modified with the adoption of smart home management systems and solar generation. In addition, houses with rooftop PV behave like local generators, contributing to the growth of the penetration of PV energy. Hence, the demand for power is declining day by day. However, the increasing PV penetration causes technical challenges for the power system, such as the “duck curve”. This can be addressed through home energy management (HEM) techniques including peak shaving, load shifting with smart home devices. In this regard, electric water heaters (EWH), with high thermal mass and being …
An Overview Of Methods And A New Three-Dimensional Fea And Analytical Hybrid Technique For Calculating Ac Winding Losses In Pm Machines, Narges Taran, Dan M. Ionel, Vandana Rallabandi, Greg Heins, Dean Patterson
An Overview Of Methods And A New Three-Dimensional Fea And Analytical Hybrid Technique For Calculating Ac Winding Losses In Pm Machines, Narges Taran, Dan M. Ionel, Vandana Rallabandi, Greg Heins, Dean Patterson
Power and Energy Institute of Kentucky Faculty Publications
This article proposes a new hybrid analytical and numerical finite element (FE) based method for calculating ac eddy current losses in wire windings and demonstrates its applicability for axial flux permanent magnet electric machines. The method takes into account three-dimensional (3-D) field effects in order to achieve accurate results and yet greatly reduce computational efforts. The new 3-D FE-based method is advantageous as it employs minimum simplifications and considers the end turns in the eddy current path, the magnetic flux density variation along the effective length of coils, and the field fringing and leakage, which ultimately increases the accuracy of …
Design Optimization And Comparison Of Direct-Drive Outer-Rotor Srms Based On Fast Current Profile Estimation And Transient Fea, Vandana Rallabandi, Peng Han, Jie Wu, Aaron M. Cramer, Dan M. Ionel, Ping Zhou
Design Optimization And Comparison Of Direct-Drive Outer-Rotor Srms Based On Fast Current Profile Estimation And Transient Fea, Vandana Rallabandi, Peng Han, Jie Wu, Aaron M. Cramer, Dan M. Ionel, Ping Zhou
Power and Energy Institute of Kentucky Faculty Publications
Outer-rotor switched reluctance machines (SRMs) have drawn much attention as promising candidates for in-wheel direct-drive motors of future electric vehicles. This article presents a systematic performance comparison of three outer-rotor SRM topologies for in-wheel traction applications in terms of the specific torque, electromagnetic efficiency, torque ripple, radial force, and mechanical aspects. A generalized design optimization framework for SRMs is proposed to enable the fast evaluation of large numbers of designs generated from the differential evolution by incorporating an analytical current profile estimation into the transient finite element analysis. The relationship between the saliency ratio and converter volt-ampere rating is also …
Evaluation Of Bearing Voltage Reduction In Electric Machines By Using Insulated Shaft And Bearings, Peng Han, Greg Heins, Dean Patterson, Mark Theile, Dan M. Ionel
Evaluation Of Bearing Voltage Reduction In Electric Machines By Using Insulated Shaft And Bearings, Peng Han, Greg Heins, Dean Patterson, Mark Theile, Dan M. Ionel
Power and Energy Institute of Kentucky Faculty Publications
Bearing voltages and corresponding currents in electric machines driven by pulse width modulation (PWM) converters with fast switching and high dv/dt can cause premature bearing failures. This paper evaluates the bearing voltage reduction by using insulated shafts and bearings. An equivalent circuit representation of electric machines taking into account high-frequency effects is developed to show the production mechanism of bearing voltage, based on which simulations are performed with detailed finite element models for transient and simplified equivalent circuit for steady-state analysis. The steady-state equivalent circuit is then calibrated, by combined numerical calculations and experimental measurements, and used to predict the …