Musculoskeletal, Neural, and Ocular Physiology Commons^™

Osteocyte Activity And Skeletal Muscle Relative Gene Expression Profiling After Short-Term Muscle Paralysis, Michelle Gelbs

Dissertations and Theses

Mechanical loading is essential for maintaining bone tissue. Reduced mechanical loading has been shown to have a negative effect on bone, and can result in the development of disuse osteoporosis. Disuse models of muscle inactivity and immobilization, like the Botox model used in this study, result in changes in the bone microarchitecture, the mechanisms behind which are not fully understood. In a previous four-week Botox disuse study, skeletally mature 20- week-old rats experienced degradation of intracortical bone, increased vascular porosity, and decreased osteocyte lacunar density in the tibiae. The focus of this study was to explicate a potential source of …

Estimating Infant Hip Joint Moments Using A Novel Musculoskeletal Model, Yeram Lim, Victor Huayamave, Christine Walck, Erin Mannen, Safeer Siddicky

Publications

Musculoskeletal models offer a convenient method to non-invasively study human development, function, and pathologies. While adult musculoskeletal models have been extensively studied [1], infant populations have been widely underserved. However, understanding infant joint biomechanics during the first year of life is vital considering abnormal loads may be detrimental to growth and development. Joint moments from an infant musculoskeletal model could help assess pathologies such as developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Previous computational studies involving infant biomechanics [2, 3] lacked the modeling of active muscle response which may affect musculoskeletal development [4]. As such, the purpose of this study is …

Microbiopsy Sampling For Examining Age-Related Differences In Skeletal Muscle Fiber Morphology And Composition, Garrett Hester, Trisha Vandusseldorp, Phuong L. Ha, Kaveh Kiani, Alex A. Olmos, Melody Jabbari, Shania Kalladanthyil, Soobin An, Alyssa R. Bailly, Benjamin E. Dalton, Anton Bryantsev

Faculty Articles

The increasingly popular microbiopsy is an appealing alternative to the more invasive Bergström biopsy given the challenges associated with harvesting skeletal muscle in older populations. Parameters of muscle fiber morphology and composition derived from the microbiopsy have not been compared between young and older adults. The purpose of this study was to examine muscle fiber morphology and composition in young (YM) and older (OM) males using the microbiopsy sampling technique. A secondary aim was to determine if specific strength is associated with serum levels of C-terminal agrin fragment [CAF; an indicator of neuromuscular junction (NMJ) degradation]. Thirty healthy, YM ( …

Beyond The Eye: The Neural Signature Of Cerebral Visual Processing In Children With Cerebral Palsy, Jacy R. Hannan

Theses & Dissertations

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a permanent, non-progressive neuromuscular disorder diagnosed early in childhood. Frequently the lesion that causes the motor impairments in individuals with CP concurrently disrupts the visual networks, placing them at a high risk of cerebral visual dysfunctions. Cerebral visual impairment (CVI) often remains unrecognized or misdiagnosed in people with CP. Despite the crucial role of visual function in the development of movement and cognition, the neurophysiological basis of the cerebral visual dysfunctions is almost entirely unknown. This investigation aimed to examine the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying cerebral visual dysfunction in children with CP. Specifically, this research used magnetoencephalographic …

Visual Corticocortical Inputs To Ferret Area 18, Reem Khalil, Moody Roberne Jensy Saint Louis, Shaima Alsuwaidi, Jonathan B. Levitt

Publications and Research

Visual cortical areas in the adult mammalian brain are linked by a network of interareal feedforward and feedback circuits. We investigated the topography of feedback projections to ferret (Mustela putorius furo) area 18 from extrastriate areas 19, 21, and Ssy. Our objective was to characterize the anatomical organization of the extrastriate feedback pool to area 18. We also wished to determine if feedback projections to area 18 share similar features as feedback projections to area 17. We injected the tracer cholera toxin B subunit (CTb) into area 18 of adult ferrets to visualize the distribution and pattern of retrogradely labeled …

The Effects Of E-Vapor On The Pathogenesis Of Rheumatoid Arthritis Mouse Models And Potential Implications For Future Generations, Christiana Daas

Selected Honors Theses

Rheumatoid arthritis is the most prevalent autoimmune disease. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has no cure, and the direct cause of the disease is still unknown. The two leading hypotheses concerning its etiology are based on the effects of HLA-DRB1 gene expression, and cigarette smoke. Conjunctively, the use of vaping devices amongst adolescents has increased significantly since introduced in 2007. There is no long-term data on the effects of e-vapor and its aerosols on bodily health. Cigarette smoke is the most noteworthy environmental factor contributing to RA therefore the question is raised as to whether or not vaping relates to rheumatoid arthritis …

Cross-Sectional Associations Between The Neighborhood Built Environment And Physical Activity In A Rural Setting: The Bogalusa Heart Study., Jeanette Gustat, Christopher E Anderson, Queendaleen C Chukwurah, Maeve E Wallace, Stephanie T Broyles, Lydia A Bazzano

School of Public Health Faculty Publications

Background: Insufficient physical activity (PA) is a common health risk and more prevalent in rural populations. Few studies have assessed relationships between the built environment and PA in rural settings, and community policy guidance to promote PA through built environment interventions is primarily based on evidence from urban studies.Methods: Participants in the Bogalusa Heart Study, a longitudinal study in rural Louisiana, with International Physical Activity Questionnaire data from 2012 to 2013 and a valid residential address (N = 1245) were included. PA was summarized as the number of weekly metabolic equivalent (MET)-minutes of total, transportation, and leisure time PA. The …

Evaluation Of Resident Palpation Skills In Foot And Ankle Anatomic Structures Using Bedside Ultrasound, Se Won Lee, Phuong U. Le, Craig Van Dien, Mike Hansen, Timothy Tiu

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine

Objective: The objective is to determine the accuracy of foot and ankle joint and soft tissue structure palpation in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PM&R) residents using ultrasonography (US) verification.

Methods: PM&R residents were tested in an outpatient musculoskeletal (MSK) clinic on palpated foot and ankle anatomic structures in a human model. Once the presumed structures were localized, residents marked a 1 cm size circle on the overlying skin with a ink marker. The accuracy of the circle over the joint line and soft tissue structures was verified using US.

Results: The overall palpation accuracy for 22 joint line and soft …

Mitochondrial Contributions To Disuse Atrophy: Let’S Talk About Sex, Megan Rosa-Caldwell

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Skeletal muscle atrophy is a hallmark of many pathologies and is associated with disease prognosis, quality of life, and mortality. Specifically, lack of contractile activity of the muscle can result in disuse-associated atrophy. Disuse-induced atrophy is a common phenomenon in intensive care unit (ICU) patients and significantly impacts patient prognosis and ability to transition of out of intensive care. However, effective therapeutics to mitigate disuse-associated atrophy do not exist, clearly demonstrating the scientific and clinical need to further understand mechanisms contributing to disuse atrophy. In particular, a significant portion of the scientific literature has utilized male models, yet there is …

Development And Maturation Of The Brain Following Pediatric Mtbi, Jeong Bin Lee

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Pediatric mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a major public health concern with the potential to produce long-lasting cognitive, adaptive, and socio-behavioral outcomes. However, our understanding of how TBI pathophysiology evolves in the developing brain is lacking. Our central hypothesis was that pediatric mTBI results in evolving microstructural dysregulation that leads to functional and structural deficits late in life. To test this hypothesis, we first sought to assess the influence of pediatric mTBI on white matter (WM) dysregulation in early adulthood. To accomplish this, we investigated the effects of single and repeated pediatric mTBI on white matter, focusing on the …

Injury Prevention Among Professional Ballet Dancers – A Qualitative Study, Elizabeth Balyakina, Nathan J. Hershberger, Sajid A. Surve, Rita M. Patterson

Neuromusculoskeletal

Rationale: The physical stress placed on ballet dancers’ bodies during their professional career predisposes them to injury. Qualitative research can be used to examine ways to support current strategies that dancers use to stay healthy and to inform further research in areas where dancers may be most prone to injury.

Purpose: To examine therapies and strategies dancers use to keep healthy and to treat injury.

Educational Objectives:

At the end of the presentation, the participants will be able to:

1. Describe the most common strategies dancers use to stay healthy
2. Formulate an understanding of how professional dancers manage injury
3. Identify the …

Giving Credence To The Experience Of X-Linked Hypophosphatemia In Adulthood: An Interprofessional Mixed-Methods Study, Melissa Hughes, Carolyn Macica, Catherine Meriano, Maya Doyle

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Purpose: X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is a rare X-linked dominant metabolic bone disease, often diagnosed in childhood but causing increasing physical debilitation and pain in adulthood. Physical comorbidities of XLH in adulthood include pervasive and early-onset degenerative arthritis, mineralizing enthesophytes and osteophytes, osteomalacia and pseudofracture, dental abscesses, and hearing loss.

Methods: This mixed-methods analysis included physical findings, diagnostic imaging, occupational and physical therapy assessments, and semi-structured interviews by social work to understand the functional outcomes and lived experience of XLH in adulthood, through connections between qualitative data obtained by social work and occupational therapy with the quantitative findings from other disciplines. …

A Comparison Of Power Variables For Two Loading Methods In Weighted Vertical Jumps 2020, Jonathan Tanguay

Master's Theses

Training exercises to develop muscular strength and power, such as the weighted jump squat, commonly utilize barbells and dumbbells to increase resistance. Strength coaches often measure improvements in peak force, peak power, and rate of force development to determine effectiveness of a training program. The purpose of this study was to determine if equipment selection (barbells vs. dumbbells) affects peak force, peak power, and/or rate of force development in weighted jump squats. Thirteen physically active, college-aged males (age: 21.6 ± 2.0 years, height: 182.8 ± 9.7 cm, body mass: 87.2 ± 9.0 kg, lean mass: 72.3 ± 8.1 kg) performed …

Perceived Effectiveness Of Stem Cell Injections In Adults With Joint Injuries, Delaney Marie Merrill

Senior Theses

Introduction: Osteoarthritis plagues around 27 million Americans. Stem cell injections are a new method of treatment that could potentially cure this by regenerating cartilage in joints. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the perceived effectiveness of stem cells at regenerating cartilage in joints, specifically the knees, hips, and shoulders. Methods: Participants were recruited via social media, forums, and from healthcare clinics that offer stem cell treatments. They were asked to complete a survey focusing primarily on the treatment protocol and how the injured joint felt post-stem cell injection. Frequencies were calculated to describe problematic joints, treatment history, …

Role Of Atp1a1 In Skeletal Muscle Growth And Metabolism, Laura C. Kutz

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Skeletal muscle comprises approximately 30% of total body mass, and loss of muscle mass and dysfunctional muscle metabolism are implicated in multiple disease states, including type 2 diabetes, heart failure, and septic shock. As such, understanding the mechanisms of skeletal muscle growth and atrophy, including pharmaceutical targets that may prove safe and effective, is therefore an important goal of current research on skeletal muscle physiology. One potential target in skeletal muscle development and function that has not been fully explored is the Na/KATPase (NKA), especially the α1 isoform. This isoform has a unique signaling function that has previously been shown …

Systematic Literature Review Of Cognitive Behavioral Treatments For Patients With Classical, Secondary, And Idiopathic Trigeminal Neuralgia, Linnea B. Herzog

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Trigeminal neuralgia is a painful neuralgia with a complicated pathology that is not clearly understood. Due to the ambiguity of the condition, patients often have to search for medical providers that specialize in trigeminal neuralgia, and even with the guidance of a specialist, some patients do not respond well to treatment.¹ Despite the uncertainty surrounding the specifics of the disease, there are treatments available that can provide some level of pain relief for patients suffering from this disorder. When a patient does not respond well to medical therapy, surgery can be the next appropriate step in patient care management. …

Dynamic Blood-Brain Barrier Regulation In Mild Traumatic Brain Injury, Eoin O'Keeffe, Eoin Kelly, Yuzhe Liu, Chiara Giordano, Eugene Wallace, Mark Hynes, Stephen Tiernan, Aidan Meagher, Chris Greene, Stephanie Hughes, Tom Burke, John Kealy, Niamh Doyle, Alison Hay, Michael Farrell, Gerald A. Grant, Alon Friedman, Ronel Veksler, Michael G. Molloy, James F. Meaney, Niall Pender, David Camarillo, Colin P. Doherty, Matthew Campbell

Articles

Whereas the diagnosis of moderate and severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is readily visible on current medical imaging paradigms (magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] and computed tomography [CT] scanning), a far greater challenge is associated with the diagnosis and subsequent management of mild TBI (mTBI), especially concussion which, by definition, is characterized by a normal CT. To investigate whether the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is altered in a high-risk population for concussions, we studied professional mixed martial arts (MMA) fighters and adolescent rugby players. Additionally, we performed the linear regression between the BBB disruption defined by increased gadolinium contrast …

Oral Contraceptives As Possible Acl Injury Prevention Method, Haley Schweizer

Capstone Showcase

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injuries are an upsetting setback for many athletes that require a long and costly recovery process. The injury rates are four times greater in women than men. Preventative measures that help to prevent ACL injuries are limited to stretching and strengthening. Therefore, this review aims to investigate if oral contraceptive [I] usage provides a possible new avenue for prevention of ACL injury [O] in young female athletes (ages 18-30) [P] compared to those that do not take oral contraceptives [C].

Methods: A literature review was performed though PubMed, Google Scholar, SCOPUS Database, and ClinicalKey …

Analyzing The Effects Of Opioids On Cortical Pore Networks In Rabbit Tibiae And Femora, Kassidy Wilson

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

The following project was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) (Protocol number #18-11-12 ARC). This study was completed as a subset of Dr. Andronowski's overarching lab project. Femora and tibiae were procured from New Zealand White rabbits to study the prolonged effects of opioid use in bone remodeling. This specific project analyzed the effects of opioids on the pore networks and the pore orientation.

Artificial Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty Joint Project, Michael Rosen, Bailei Hoyng

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

This proposed project will be developing an artificial reverse shoulder arthroplasty joint that focuses on improvements to the Zimmer Biomet Comprehensive Reverse System by freating a unique feature, or features, to the humeral component that focuses on the prevention of dislocation by not limiting the range of motion of men from ages 45 to 65 years.

The development of the this project will utilize the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) medical device design process. This project will involve a total of four Biomedical Engineering students from the University of Akron. Two students, Michael and Bailei, are in the Honors college …