Medical Pharmacology Commons^™

Factors Associated With Improved Outcome Of Inhaled Corticosteroid Use In Covid-19: A Single Institutional Study, A. Manfra, Claire Chen, Kavita Batra, Kyaw Min Tun, Mutsumi Kioka

Internal Medicine Faculty Publications

Asthmatics seem less prone to adverse outcomes in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and some data shows that inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are protective. We gathered data on anecdotal ICS and outcomes of patients hospitalized with COVID-19, given there is literature supporting ICS may reduce risk of severe infection. In addition, we fill gaps in current literature evaluating Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) as a risk assessment tool for COVID-19. This was a single-center, retrospective study designed and conducted to identify factors associated intubation and inpatient mortality. A multivariate logistic regression model was fit to generate adjusted odds ratios (OR). Intubation was associated …

Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Modulation May Improve Intestinal Inflammation In Adults With Cystic Fibrosis, Lauren G. Culver

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

A clinical decision report using:

Ooi CY, Syed SA, Rossi L, Garg M, Needham B, Avolio J, Young K, Surette MG, Gonska T. Impact of CFTR modulation with Ivacaftor on Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Inflammation. Sci Rep. 2018 Dec 13;8(1):17834. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-36364-6

for a patient with cystic fibrosis experiencing small bowel obstruction.

The Association Of Lower Medication Adherence And Increased Medical Spending, Ryan A. Fuchs

Capstone Experience

Medical prescribing is a common occurrence in daily clinical practice. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in 2015-2016 45.8% of the U.S. population used prescription drugs in the past 30 days. (CDC, 2019) Although drug therapy can be effective in treating disease, full benefits are often not realized because many patients do not take their medications as prescribed. There is quite a bit of research out there about non-adherence to medication. Some studies focus on the financial impacts of non-adherence, but most of the studies examine the reasons for medication non-adherence. A gap exists in research about …

Computer-Aided Drug Discovery For Helicobacter Pylori, Nicole Ann Vita

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Helicobacter pylori is a high-priority drug-resistant pathogen and is currently the only bacteria considered to be a class I carcinogen and there is a critical need to identify novel chemical matter to treat H. pylori infections. Hp is responsible for greater than 60% of gastric cancer related deaths and 89% of all gastric cancer morbidities. In a previous study, our lab identified novel Hp thienopyrmidine inhibitors that target respiratory complex I, an essential enzyme in respiration. Respiratory complex I is a large asymmetric multidomain and membrane bound enzyme and due to these innate features, it is not practical for biophysical …

The Nogo Receptor Ngr2, A Novel Αvβ3 Integrin Effector, Induces Neuroendocrine Differentiation In Prostate Cancer, Fabio Quaglia, Shiv Ram Krishn, Khalid Sossey-Alaoui, Priyanka Shailendra Rana, Elzbieta Pluskota, Pyung Hun Park, Christopher D. Shields, Stephen Lin, Peter Mccue, Andrew V. Kossenkov, Yanqing Wang, David W. Goodrich, Sheng-Yu Ku, Himisha Beltran, William K. Kelly, Eva Corey, Maja Klose, Christine Bandtlow, Qin Liu, Dario C. Altieri, Edward F. Plow, Lucia R. Languino

Department of Cancer Biology Faculty Papers

Androgen deprivation therapies aimed to target prostate cancer (PrCa) are only partially successful given the occurrence of neuroendocrine PrCa (NEPrCa), a highly aggressive and highly metastatic form of PrCa, for which there is no effective therapeutic approach. Our group has demonstrated that while absent in prostate adenocarcinoma, the αVβ3 integrin expression is increased during PrCa progression toward NEPrCa. Here, we show a novel pathway activated by αVβ3 that promotes NE differentiation (NED). This novel pathway requires the expression of a GPI-linked surface molecule, NgR2, also known as Nogo-66 receptor homolog 1. We show here that NgR2 is upregulated by αVβ3, …

A Reactivation Of Ocular Toxoplasmosis During Pregnancy, Brett Garee Od, Ms, Sarah Dieter Od, Pete Liette Od

Optometric Clinical Practice

Background: Toxoplasma gondii is a parasite estimated to affect over 500 million people worldwide. The feline is the definitive host for the parasite and infection may be acquired or congenital via maternal transmission. Humans may acquire the infection by ingestion of raw or undercooked meats and vegetables, contaminated water, or exposure to infected cat feces. The infection is often benign, self-limiting, and asymptomatic for humans, but potentially life threatening to infants or the immunocompromised patient.

Case Report: A 22 year-old Caucasian female, pregnant at 12 weeks gestation, presented to the optometry service with acute symptoms of hazy vision …

Prolonged Administration Of Kappa Opioid Agonist Difelikefalin Retains Its Efficacyon The Diuretic Response, Ashlyn Y. Anderson, Luke E. Beckendorf, Daniel R. Kapusta

Medical Research Day

RATIONALE: Disease states exhibiting high amounts of edema, including congestive heart failure, hepatic cirrhosis, and hypertension, are often treated with a combination of diuretics to reduce water retention in the body. Patients treated with the loop diuretic furosemide face an increased risk for developing adverse conditions, such as hyponatremia and hypokalemia and with time loss of diuretic efficacy (diuretic resistance). In contrast, the kappa opioid agonist difelikefalin produces a sodium sparing diuresis by inhibiting hypothalamic neurons responsible for the secretion/release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) located in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Consequently, inhibition of ADH release increases urine output by increasing …

Effect Of Mitochondrial Ros In Binge Etoh Bone Toxicity, Bretton Urban, Kyler Pisciotta, Alexandra Denys, Kim Pedersen, Martin J. Ronis

Medical Research Day

The molecular basis of ethanol (EtOH) toxicity on bone turnover has yet to be fully understood. It is known that chronic consumption increases bone resorption by osteoclast activation while at the same time decreasing bone formation by downregulating osteoblast functions. Our previous work indicated oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation having a role, as dietary antioxidants such as N-acetyl cysteine partially blocked EtOH-induced bone loss in female mice. Mitochondria are a source of ROS such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. MitoTEMPO is a superoxide dismutase mimic that accumulates in mitochondria and scavenges superoxide radicals. Our aim was to …

The Effects Of Mitochondrial Catalase Overexpression On Alcohol-Induced Skeletal Toxicity, Kyler Pisciotta, Bretton Urban, Alexandra Denys, Kim Pedersen, Martin J. Ronis

Medical Research Day

Alcohol induces deleterious effects on the quantity and quality of bone in the skeleton. The mechanism of these effects is believed to be through increased concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within bone cells. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a form of ROS that is converted to water (H2O) and oxygen (O2) by the enzyme catalase. Our previous studies have demonstrated that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX) enzymes 2 and 4 are contributors of ROS within the cellular environment of bone; however, selective knockout of these enzymes did not lead to complete protection against alcohol’s inhibition of osteoblastogenesis and upregulation …

Ctpathway: A Crosstalk-Based Pathway Enrichment Analysis Method For Cancer Research, Haizhou Liu, Mengqin Yuan, Ramkrishna Mitra, Xu Zhou, Min Long, Wanyue Lei, Shunheng Zhou, Yu-E Huang, Fei Hou, Christine M. Eischen, Wei Jiang

Department of Cancer Biology Faculty Papers

Background: Pathway enrichment analysis (PEA) is a common method for exploring functions of hundreds of genes and identifying disease-risk pathways. Moreover, different pathways exert their functions through crosstalk. However, existing PEA methods do not sufficiently integrate essential pathway features, including pathway crosstalk, molecular interactions, and network topologies, resulting in many risk pathways that remain uninvestigated.

Methods: To overcome these limitations, we develop a new crosstalk-based PEA method, CTpathway, based on a global pathway crosstalk map (GPCM) with >440,000 edges by combing pathways from eight resources, transcription factor-gene regulations, and large-scale protein-protein interactions. Integrating gene differential expression and crosstalk effects in …

Lysine Methyltransferase Nsd1 And Cancers: Any Role In Melanoma?, Imène Krossa, Thomas Strub, Andrew E Aplin, Robert Ballotti, Corine Bertolotto

Department of Cancer Biology Faculty Papers

Epigenetic regulations, that comprise histone modifications and DNA methylation, are essential to processes as diverse as development and cancer. Among the histone post-translational modifications, lysine methylation represents one of the most important dynamic marks. Here, we focused on methyltransferases of the nuclear binding SET domain 1 (NSD) family, that catalyze the mono- and di-methylation of histone H3 lysine 36. We review the loss of function mutations of NSD1 in humans that are the main cause of SOTOS syndrome, a disease associated with an increased risk of developing cancer. We then report the role of NSD1 in triggering tumor suppressive or …

Novel Drugs Approved In 2021-2022, Michael Do, Bona Shin, Elaina Lioudis, Emaleigh Munn

Transformative Medicine (T-Med)

This article provides an abbreviated overview of the newly Federal Drug Administration (FDA)approved novel drugs of 2021-2022 with their respective approved indication(s). The FDA serves as the governing body that regularly evaluates and approves medications that will eventually be introduced to the market for routine use. These medications include both drugs that are the same or related to previously approved products (e.g., Extended indications of priorly approved medications) and novel drugs. By definition, a novel drug is an innovative product which serves to improve quality care in patient populations with unmet or advanced medical needs to overall advance patient care …

The Effects Of Cannabidiol On Aqueous Humor Outflow And Trabecular Meshwork Cell Signaling, Alyssa S. Aebersold, Zhao-Hui Song

Faculty Scholarship

Intraocular pressure (IOP) is regulated primarily through aqueous humor production by ciliary body and drainage through uveoscleral and trabecular meshwork (TM) tissues. The goal of this study was to measure the effect of non-psychotropic cannabidiol (CBD) on aqueous humor outflow through TM and assess the effect of CBD on the TM cell signaling pathways that are important for regulating outflow. Perfused porcine eye anterior segment explants were used to investigate the effects of CBD on aqueous humor outflow. Cultured porcine TM cells were used to study the effects of CBD on TM cell contractility, myosin light chain (MLC) and myosin …

Associations Between Cannabis, Psychosis, And Schizophrenia In Adolescents, Lauren Moment

Academic Leadership Journal in Student Research

The effects of cannabis use on the brain, mind, and body have been studied for decades. The developing brain, particularly the adolescent and young adult brain, undergoes critical development that makes it especially susceptible to the effects of cannabis use. Among the adverse effects of cannabis use in adolescence and young adulthood, psychosis and psychotic disorders (e.g., schizophrenia) have been examined. The association of cannabis use with schizophrenia was first elucidated in a Swedish study of army conscripts. Specifically, conscripts reported their cannabis use exposure and were followed longitudinally to assess the emergence of schizophrenia. The authors found that those …

Who Aware Strategy And Antimicrobial Stewardship To Combat Antimicrobial Resistance: An Indian Perspective, Dinesh K. Meena, Jayanthi Mathaiyan, Geevitha Gauthaman

International Journal of Health and Allied Sciences

Antimicrobial resistance is a serious problem to solve especially in developing countries like India. Antibiotic use in India increased several times since 2005. Many studies in India have reported inappropriate and overuse of antibiotics which could be one of the possible reasons for increased antibiotic resistance in the country. This is an important and urgent issue that mandates strict regulations regarding the rational use of antibiotics. World Health Organization (WHO) has done a major revision to the essential medicines list which classifies antibiotics into three categories (access, watch, and reserve) to ensure the availability and correct use of antibiotics. Several …

Steap1-4 (Six-Transmembrane Epithelial Antigen Of The Prostate 1-4) And Their Clinical Implications For Prostate Cancer, Michael Xu, Latese Evans, Candice L Bizzaro, Fabio Quaglia, Cecilia E Verrillo, Li Li, Julia Stieglmaier, M J Schiewer, Lucia R Languino, William Kevin Kelly

Department of Urology Faculty Papers

Six-Transmembrane Epithelial Antigen of the Prostate 1-4 (STEAP1-4) compose a family of metalloproteinases involved in iron and copper homeostasis and other cellular processes. Thus far, five homologs are known: STEAP1, STEAP1B, STEAP2, STEAP3, and STEAP4. In prostate cancer, STEAP1, STEAP2, and STEAP4 are overexpressed, while STEAP3 expression is downregulated. Although the metalloreductase activities of STEAP1-4 are well documented, their other biological functions are not. Furthermore, the properties and expression levels of STEAP heterotrimers, homotrimers, heterodimers, and homodimers are not well understood. Nevertheless, studies over the last few decades have provided sufficient impetus to investigate STEAP1-4 as potential biomarkers and therapeutic …

Optimizing Antiretroviral Therapy With Modern Rifapentine Containing Tb Treatment, Anthony T. Podany

Theses & Dissertations

In the past decade there has been a multitude of phase 3 clinical trials targeting treatment shortening for tuberculosis (TB). The synthetic rifamycin derivative rifapentine (RPT) has been at the forefront of many of the treatment shortening approaches. RPT possesses greater potency and a longer pharmacokinetic (PK) half-life (t_1/2) as compared with the long used rifamycin, rifampin (RIF). For TB preventative treatment, a 3-month, once weekly regimen of RPT and isoniazid (INH; 3HP) was shown to be as effective as 9-months of daily INH therapy in the PREVENT TB trial. Similarly, a 4-week course of daily RPT and …

Establishing The Content Validity Of A Student Pharmacist Patient Counseling Competency Assessment In Oncology, Matthew Newman, Emily Pherson, Bradley Burton, Eric C. Nemec

Physician Assistant Studies Faculty Publications

Objective. The main goal of this project was to establish content validity and describe internal consistency of a patient counseling competency assessment instrument used to evaluate student pharmacists practicing in an oncology setting. Methods A modified e-Delphi panel of oncology clinical pharmacy specialists, clinical pharmacy generalists, and oncology pharmacy residents was employed. Iterative rounds of the e-Delphi process were conducted until consensus was reached on a majority of the instrument items. Consensus was defined as agreement by at least 75% of participants that an item was, or was not important. Internal consistency of defined sections of the instrument was determined …

Visualizing Depressive Symptom Improvement: Implementing The 17-Item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Briana Raterman

Dissertations

Visualizing Depressive Symptom Improvement: Implementing the 17-Item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale

Abstract

Problem

Depression, a mental health diagnosis, has affected about 18.5% of adults (Villarroel & Terlizzi, 2020). Ketamine, a medication initially used as an anesthetic, has improved depressive symptoms in individuals struggling with treatment-resistant depression.

Method

This quality improvement (QI) project used the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale questionnaire to assess depressive symptom changes in patients receiving intramuscular ketamine for treatment-resistant depression. The questionnaire was administered to patients pre-and post-intramuscular ketamine administration. The data was collected on injections one, three, and six on each participant’s set schedule of injections …

Evaluation Of A Process Change Using An Updated Sedation Protocol, Rachel Allen

Dissertations

Problem: Pediatric delirium is continuing to increase intensive care environments and for patients who require mechanical ventilation and continuous sedative medications. Delirium is harmful to the patient creating lasting neurologic and mental health issues along with prolonged hospitalization and increased healthcare cost

Method: For this quality improvement (QI) project, a descriptive observational study was used to evaluate the implementation of a sedation protocol for patients who are mechanically ventilated and on continuous sedative medications. This was completed with the use of retrospective chart reviews three months prior to implementation and three months after the new protocol was implemented. Nurses were …