Medical Biotechnology Commons^™

Targeting Brd4 In The Treatment Of Pleural Fibrosis, Joy Adewumi

Biotechnology Theses

Pleural fibrosis (PF) is a respiratory disorder that refers to the thickening and scarring of the pleura. Currently, there is a lack of pharmaceutic treatment options for PF. Pleural mesothelial to mesenchymal transition (MesoMT) is a critical process that contributes to the development of PF. Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4), a transcriptional and epigenetic regulator, has recently been implicated in a wide range of lung injuries. However, whether BRD4 is involved in regulating MesoMT and the development of PF remains unclear and was explored in this study. Primary human pleural mesothelial cells (HPMCs) were used to test the role of BRD4 …

Effects Of Interleukin-22 (Il-22) On Necroptosis, Inflammatory Responses, And Metabolism Of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Stimulated Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Mouse Macrophages, Bismark Owusu-Afriyie

Biotechnology Theses

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infects one-third of the world’s population and causes nearly 1.3 million deaths per year. Limited information is available about the immune responses during Mtb infection in type 2 diabetic hosts. Our laboratory developed an experimentally induced type 2 diabetes (T2DM) model in wild-type C57BL/6 mice and found that IL-22 and type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) reduce inflammation and mortality of Mtb-infected T2DM mice. Our laboratory also found that Mtb-infected alveolar macrophages (AMs) from T2DM mice undergo necroptosis compared to Mtb-infected AMs of non-T2DM mice. In the current study, we determined whether …

Functional Impact Of Ethyl-Β-D-Glucuronide On Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Stimulated Lung Macrophages, Charles Inaku

Biotechnology Theses

Chronic alcohol abuse has been shown to alter immune defense mechanisms in humans and mice which makes the host susceptible to infections, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. However, limited information is available on the mechanisms involved in alcohol-mediated host immune system dysfunction.

In this study, we determined the effects of ethyl-β-d-glucuronide (EtG), an alcohol-derived metabolite, on immune response of mice lung macrophages. We measured cytokine and chemokine production by gamma-irradiated mtb (γ-mtb) stimulated mice lung macrophages in the presence or absence of EtG. We also determined the effect of EtG on the metabolic state of γ-mtb stimulated mice lung macrophages. …

Maldi-Tof Ms Based Proteomic Fingerprinting Of Total Serum Plasma For Somatic Pain Syndromes, Isaiah Pinkerton, Venkateswar Venkataraman

Stratford Campus Research Day

There are racial and ethnic disparities regarding pain management within the United States, and that disproportionately affects women of color. There is also a fundamental lack of information regarding the biological mechanism by which pain sensitization and perception occurs, and how it could be affected by both neurologic and somatic pain syndromes.

Methods: Research was performed on principal electronic scientific databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, and Embase with search terms “MALDI-TOF”, “ESI-MS”, “Pain”, and “Biomarkers”, as well as other modifiers to narrow the literature search.

Results: Studies on comparison between MALDI-TOF and other traditional analysis platforms, including Electrospray Ionization (ESI-MS), …

Impact Of Lyophilization On Porcine Hemoglobin Properties., Mustafa Almosawi

College of Arts & Sciences Senior Honors Theses

Blood transfusion is the single most often performed lifesaving procedure in hospitals worldwide. Unfortunately, packed red blood cells (RBCs) used for transfusion can only be stored for 42 days at 4 °C before being discarded due to irreversible damage that occurs during storage. Any reduction in available RBCs for an extended period can lead to blood shortages. To increase the shelf-life of RBCs, we investigated freeze-drying (lyophilizing) in the presence of the non-toxic sugar trehalose as a method for long-term preservation. However, the oxidative stress of the lyophilization and storage processes can compromise the functionality of these cells, and the …

Jurisgenerative Tissues: Sociotechnical Imaginaries And The Legal Secretions Of 3d Bioprinting, Roxanne Mykitiuk, Joshua Shaw

Articles & Book Chapters

Three-dimensional ‘bioprinting’ is under development, which may produce living human organs and tissues to be surgically implanted in patients. Like tissue engineering and regenerative medicine generally, the process of bioprinting potentially disrupts experience of the human body by redefining understandings of, and becoming actualised in new practices and regimes in relation to, the body. The authors consider how these novel sociotechnical imaginaries may emerge, having regard to law’s contribution to, as well as its possible transformation by, the process of 3D bioprinting. The authors draw on Gilbert Simondon and corporeal, material feminists to account for these disruptions as ‘ontogenetic,’ in …

Aptamer Proteomics Of Serum Exosomes From Patients With Primary Raynaud's And Patients With Raynaud's At Risk Of Evolving Into Systemic Sclerosis, Sonsoles Piera-Velazquez, Simon T. Dillon, Xuesong Gu, Towia A. Libermann, Sergio A. Jimenez

Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: A major unmet need for Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) clinical management is the lack of biomarkers for the early diagnosis of patients with Raynaud's Phenomenon at high risk of evolving into SSc.

OBJECTIVE: To identify proteins contained within serum exosomes employing an aptamer proteomic analysis that may serve to reveal patients with Raynaud's Phenomenon at risk of developing SSc.

METHODS: Exosomes were isolated from serum samples from patients with Primary Raynaud's Phenomenon and from patients with Raynaud's Phenomenon harbouring serum antinuclear antibodies (ANA) who may be at high risk of evolving into SSc. The expression of 1,305 proteins was quantified …

Use Of Cardiomems Hf Sensor In Management Of Nyha Class Iii Heart Failure, Trevor Andrunik, Anne Eady

Physician Assistant Capstones, 2020-current

Objective: Assess the ability of continuous pulmonary artery pressure monitoring via implantable CardioMEMs HF device to reduce hospitalization in New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class III heart failure patients over the age of 18. Design: Systematic literature review. Methods: Searches were conducted via PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov using the single search term “CardioMEMs.” Inclusion criteria narrowed results to studies performed in the last 10 years, randomized control trials, cohort studies, and utilizing heart failure related hospitalization as the primary endpoint. Results: The current data unanimously asserts that the CardioMEMs HF device is effective at reducing heart failure related hospitalizations, with secondary …

Injuries In Manual And Mechanical Cpr, Macon Spruill, Malik Bangura

Physician Assistant Capstones, 2020-current

Objective: To compare the rate of injuries during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) using manual versus mechanical chest compressions with the Lund University Cardiopulmonary Assist System (LUCAS™).

Design: Systematic literature review

Methods: We investigated the use of 2 different CPR methods, manual and mechanical, in order to determine if one was more likely to cause injury in individuals during a cardiac arrest. PubMed searches were conducted using the terms “cardiopulmonary resuscitation,” “adverse effect,” “classification,” “method,” “mortality,” “statistical and numerical data,” “trends,” “complication,” “epidemiology,” and “etiology.” Studies were excluded if they took place before the year 2000, included individuals under 18 …

Artificial Intelligence In The Radiomic Analysis Of Glioblastomas: A Review, Taxonomy, And Perspective, Ming Zhu, Sijia Li, Yu Kuang, Virigina B. Hill, Amy B. Heimberger, Lijie Zhai, Shenjie Zhai

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Radiological imaging techniques, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET), are the standard-of-care non-invasive diagnostic approaches widely applied in neuro-oncology. Unfortunately, accurate interpretation of radiological imaging data is constantly challenged by the indistinguishable radiological image features shared by different pathological changes associated with tumor progression and/or various therapeutic interventions. In recent years, machine learning (ML)-based artificial intelligence (AI) technology has been widely applied in medical image processing and bioinformatics due to its advantages in implicit image feature extraction and integrative data analysis. Despite its recent rapid development, ML technology still faces many hurdles for its broader applications …

Screening Tcf19 And Kif18b To Determine Co-Regulation With Mybl1 In Triple Negative Breast Cancer Patient Tissues, Tyra Sharda Ivory

Theses (2016-Present)

The aggressive behavior in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is due to genetic signaling events, which call for the comprehensive analyses of genes differentially regulated in the cancers. Our laboratory previously found that MYBL1 was over-expressed in a fraction of the TNBC, compared to some luminal, and other breast cancer subtypes. The MYBL1 gene is a proto-oncogene that serves as a strong transcriptional activator. The gene is involved in signaling events related to cell cycle signaling, differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis, all which are differentially regulated in cancers. Because MYBL1 is a transcription regulator, involved in cancer-related mechanisms and differentially expressed in …

Advance Trends In Targeting Homology-Directed Repair For Accurate Gene Editing: An Inclusive Review Of Small Molecules And Modified Crispr-Cas9 Systems, Forough Shams, Hadi Bayat, Omid Mohammadian, Somayeh Mahboudi, Hassan Vahidnezhad, Mohsen Soosanabadi, Azam Rahimpour

Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine Papers and Presentations

Introduction: Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat and its associated protein (CRISPR-Cas)-based technologies generate targeted modifications in host genome by inducing site-specific double-strand breaks (DSBs) that can serve as a substrate for homology-directed repair (HDR) in both in vitro and in vivo models. HDR pathway could enhance incorporation of exogenous DNA templates into the CRISPR-Cas9-mediated DSB site. Owing to low rate of HDR pathway, the efficiency of accurate genome editing is diminished. Enhancing the efficiency of HDR can provide fast, easy, and accurate technologies based on CRISPR-Cas9 technologies. Methods: The current study presents an overview of attempts conducted on the …

The Contribution Of Ethical Governance Of Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning In Healthcare, Tina Nguyen

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

With the Internet Age and technology progressively advancing every year, the usage of Artificial Intelligence (AI) along with Machine Learning (ML) algorithms has only increased since its introduction to society. Specifically, in the healthcare field, AI/ML has proven to its end-users how beneficial its assistance has been. However, despite its effectiveness and efficiencies, AI/ML has also been under scrutiny due to its unethical outcomes. As a result of this, two polarizing views are typically debated when discussing AI/ML. One side believes that AI/ML usage should continue regardless of its unsureness, while the other side argues that this technology is too …

Nanoparticles For Biomedical Applications, Joseph Kim

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

This thesis presents development and evaluation of the potential of three new nanoparticles for biomedical applications. With the rapid growth of the field of nanoscience, researchers have explored developing nanoparticles for various biomedical applications, including imaging, therapy, and drug delivery. This thesis demonstrates the development of two C­₆₀ fullerene based nanoparticles and one boron based nanoparticle to answer key questions related to their biological potential.

In the first part of the thesis, we describe synthesis and characterization of a pure boron nanoparticle containing asolectin phospholipid-based liposome construct prepared using a water-in-oil emulsion method, as a novel alternative agent for …

The Tin Man Needs A Heart: A Proposed Framework For The Regulation Of Bioprinted Organs, Linda Foit

Fordham Law Review

Each day, seventeen people die in the United States while waiting for an organ transplant. At least part of this need could be met by bioprinting, a technology that allows the on-demand production of custom-sized organs from a patient’s own cells. The field of bioprinting is progressing rapidly: the first bioprinted organs have already entered the clinic. Yet, developers of bioprinted organs face significant uncertainty as to how their potentially lifesaving products will be regulated—and by which government agency. Such regulatory uncertainty has the potential to decrease investment and stifle innovation in this promising technological field. This Note examines how …

Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Regulation Of Induction Of Inflammatory Mediators By Organic Dust Extract In Lung Epithelial Cells, Maxine Stenhouse

Biotechnology Theses

Previous studies have indicated a link between respiratory symptoms and diseases and organic dust exposure in agricultural workers. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a transcription factor activated by a wide variety of exogenous and endogenous compounds, is known to be involved in the metabolism of toxic chemicals and recently in the modulation of immune and inflammatory responses. To better understand mechanisms of pathogenesis of respiratory symptoms and diseases, the role of AhR in the regulation of induction of inflammatory mediators by poultry organic dust extract in airway epithelial cells was studied. The role of AhR was studied by investigating the …

Phytochemical Constituents Of Aquilaria Malaccensis Leaf Extract And Their Anti-Inflammatory Activity Against Lps/Ifn-Γ-Stimulated Raw 264.7 Cell Line, Eman Ramadan, Manar A. Eissa, Yumi Z. H-Y Hashim, Dina M. El-Kersh

Pharmacy

This study aims to identify the major phytochemical constituents in Aquilaria malaccensis (Thymelaeaceae) ethanolic leaf extract (ALEX-M) and elucidate their ability to suppress nitric oxide (NO) production from a murine macrophage-like cell line (RAW 264.7) stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ). Dichloromethane (DCM) and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fractions of ALEX-M were subjected to column chromatography. Eight known compounds were isolated for the first time from this species. Compounds were identified using spectroscopic techniques (IR, UV, HRESIMS, and 1D and 2D NMR). Anti-inflammatory activity of both extract and isolated compounds were investigated in vitro. The fractions offered the isolation of …

Plasmonic-Based Biosensor For The Early Diagnosis Of Prostate Cancer, Thakshila Liyanage, Bayan Alharbi, Linh Quan, Aurora Esquela-Kerscher, Gymama Slaughter

Bioelectrics Publications

A tapered optical fiber (TOF) plasmonic biosensor was fabricated and used for the sensitive detection of a panel of microRNAs (miRNAs) in human serum obtained from noncancer and prostate cancer (PCa) patients. Oncogenic and tumor suppressor miRNAs let7a, let-7c, miR-200b, miR-141, and miR-21 were tested as predictive cancer biomarkers since multianalyte detection minimizes false-positive and false-negative rates and establishes a strong foundation for early PCa diagnosis. The biosensing platform integrates metallic gold triangular nanoprisms (AuTNPs) laminated on the TOF to excite surface plasmon waves in the supporting metallic layer and enhance the evanescent mode of the fiber surface. …

Fabrication And Characterization Of Methylprednisolone-Loaded Polylactic Acid/Hyaluronic Acid Nanofibrous Scaffold For Soft Tissue Engineering, Mehdi Keikha, Elahe Entekhabi, Mahvash Shokrollahi, Masoumeh Haghbin Nazarpak, Zahra Hassannejad, Somaye Akbari, Alex R. Vaccaro, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar

Rothman Institute Faculty Papers

Previous in vitro and in vivo studies have indicated that tissue engineering scaffolds, including Schwann cells, may improve axonal regeneration, particularly in combination with Methylprednisolone as an influential neuroprotective factor. The primary aim of this study was to design composite electrospun scaffolds based on polylactic acid (PLA)/ hyaluronic acid (HA) containing various percentages (0.05–2% (w/v)) of Methylprednisolone (MP) with suitable mechanical and chemical properties for soft tissue especially to promote nerve growth. For the first time, MP was implicated in a PLA/HA nanofibrous and its effect on fiber’s properties was scrutinized as a candidate for nerve tissue.

Effects Of Il-10 On Local Cell Populations And Functional Recovery Following Vml Injury, Zain Blackwell

Biomedical Engineering Undergraduate Honors Theses

Volumetric muscle loss (VML) injuries are prevalent in both military personnel suffering from battlefield related incidents, and civilians following severe motor accidents. Despite its prevalence, VML has no pro-regenerative clinical treatments in place to recover some of the functional capabilities of the damaged muscle. Free flap grafting, debridement of damaged tissue, and physical therapy are the only clinical standards available that offer little functional recovery benefits, even after years of consistent treatment. In this study, anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 in conjunction with autologous minced muscle was assessed as a possible treatment for VML injuries and its influences on cellular behavior within …