Respiratory Tract Diseases Commons^™

Body Mass Index Change In Gastrointestinal Cancer And Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Is Associated With Dedicator Of Cytokinesis 1, Merry-Lynn Noelle Mcdonald, Sungho Won, Manuel Mattheisen, Peter J. Castaldi, Michael H. Cho, Erica Rutten, Megan Hardin, Wai-Ki Yip, Stephen I. Rennard, David A. Lomas, Emiel F.M. Wouters, Alvar Agusti, Richard Casaburi, Christoph P. Lange, George O'Connor, Craig P. Hersh, Edwin K. Silverman

Journal Articles: Pulmonary & Critical Care Med

BACKGROUND: There have been a number of candidate gene association studies of cancer cachexia-related traits, but no genome-wide association study (GWAS) has been published to date. Cachexia presents in patients with a number of complex traits, including both cancer and COPD. The objective of the current investigation was to search for a shared genetic aetiology for change in body mass index (ΔBMI) among cancer and COPD by using GWAS data in the Framingham Heart Study.

METHODS: A linear mixed effects model accounting for age, sex, and change in smoking status was used to calculate ΔBMI in participants over 40 years …

Effectiveness And Safety Of The Bronchial Thermoplasty Procedure, Kathy Mohammadi

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

• Asthma: a heterogeneous disease characterized by chronic airway inflammation resulting in respiratory difficulty.

• Bronchial Thermoplasty (BT): a bronchoscopy procedure that delivers radiofrequency energy to the tissues of airway walls thus heating the tissue, causing ablation to reduce the mass of the airway smooth muscle (ASM), hence attenuating bronchoconstriction.

• BT was designed to decrease, de-bulk or partially eliminate excess smooth muscle tissue in the distal airways, with a subsequent decrease in the number of severe asthma attacks.

• BT is an alternative treatment for patients with severe, uncontrolled asthma in which the airway smooth muscle is eliminated using …

Network-Based Analysis Reveals Novel Gene Signatures In Peripheral Blood Of Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Ma'en Obeidat, Yunlong Nie, Virginia Chen, Casey P. Shannon, Anand Kumar Andiappan, Bernett Lee, Olaf Rotzschke, Peter J. Castaldi, Craig P. Hersh, Nick Fishbane, Raymond T. Ng, Bruce Mcmanus, Bruce E. Miller, Stephen I. Rennard, Peter D. Paré, Don D. Sin

Journal Articles: Pulmonary & Critical Care Med

BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is currently the third leading cause of death and there is a huge unmet clinical need to identify disease biomarkers in peripheral blood. Compared to gene level differential expression approaches to identify gene signatures, network analyses provide a biologically intuitive approach which leverages the co-expression patterns in the transcriptome to identify modules of co-expressed genes.

METHODS: A weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was applied to peripheral blood transcriptome from 238 COPD subjects to discover co-expressed gene modules. We then determined the relationship between these modules and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV …

Erratum To: Scaling Up Strategies Of The Chronic Respiratory Disease Programme Of The European Innovation Partnership On Active And Healthy Ageing (Action Plan B3: Area 5)., J Bousquet, J Farrell, G Crooks, P Hellings, E H. Bel, M Bewick, N H. Chavannes, J Correia De Sousa, A A. Cruz, T Haahtela, G Joos, N Khaltaev, J Malva, A Muraro, M Nogues, S Palkonen, S Pedersen, C Robalo-Cordeiro, B Samolinski, T Strandberg, A Valiulis, A Yorgancioglu, T Zuberbier, A Bedbrook, W Aberer, M Adachi, A Agusti, C A Akdis, M Akdis, J Ankri, A Alonso, I Annesi-Maesano, I J. Ansotegui, J M. Anto, S Arnavielhe, H Arshad, C Bai, I Baiardini, C Bachert, A K. Baigenzhin, C Barbara, E D. Bateman, B Beghé, A Ben Kheder, K S. Bennoor, M Benson, K C. Bergmann, T Bieber, C Bindslev-Jensen, L Bjermer, H Blain, F Blasi, A L. Boner, M Bonini, S Bonini, S Bosnic-Anticevitch, L P. Boulet, R Bourret, P J. Bousquet, F Braido, A H. Briggs, C E. Brightling, J Brozek, R Buhl, P G. Burney, A Bush, F Caballero-Fonseca, D Caimmi, M A. Calderon, P M. Calverley, P A M Camargos, G W. Canonica, T Camuzat, K H. Carlsen, W Carr, A Carriazo, T Casale, A M. Cepeda Sarabia, L Chatzi, Y Z. Chen, R Chiron, E Chkhartishvili, A G. Chuchalin, K F. Chung, G Ciprandi, I Cirule, L Cox, D J. Costa, A Custovic, R Dahl, S E. Dahlen, U Darsow, G De Carlo, F De Blay, T Dedeu, D Deleanu, E De Manuel Keenoy, P Demoly, J A. Denburg, P Devillier, A Didier, A T. Dinh-Xuan, R Djukanovic, D Dokic, H Douagui, G Dray, R Dubakiene, S R. Durham, M S. Dykewicz, Y El-Gamal, R Emuzyte, L M. Fabbri, M Fletcher, A Fiocchi, A Fink Wagner, J Fonseca, W J. Fokkens, F Forastiere, P Frith, M Gaga, A Gamkrelidze, J Garces, J Garcia-Aymerich, B Gemicioğlu, J E. Gereda, S González Diaz, M Gotua, I Grisle, L Grouse, Z Gutter, M A. Guzmán, L G. Heaney, B Hellquist-Dahl, D Henderson, A Hendry, J Heinrich, D Heve, F Horak, J O' B Hourihane, P Howarth, M Humbert, M E. Hyland, M Illario, J C. Ivancevich, J R. Jardim, E J. Jares, C Jeandel, C Jenkins, S L. Johnston, O Jonquet, K Julge, K S. Jung, J Just, I Kaidashev, M R. Khaitov, O Kalayci, A F. Kalyoncu, T Keil, P K. Keith, L Klimek, B Koffi N'Goran, V Kolek, G H. Koppelman, M L. Kowalski, I Kull, P Kuna, V Kvedariene, B Lambrecht, S Lau, D Larenas-Linnemann, D Laune, L T T Le, P Lieberman, B Lipworth, J Li, K Lodrup Carlsen, R Louis, W Macnee, Y Magard, A Magnan, B Mahboub, A Mair, I Majer, M J. Makela, P Manning, S Mara, G D. Marshall, M R. Masjedi, P Matignon, M Maurer, S Mavale-Manuel, E Melén, E Melo-Gomes, E O. Meltzer, A Menzies-Gow, H Merk, J P. Michel, N Miculinic, F Mihaltan, B Milenkovic, G M Y Mohammad, M Molimard, I Momas, A Montilla-Santana, M Morais-Almeida, M Morgan, R Mösges, J Mullol, S Nafti, L Namazova-Baranova, R Naclerio, A Neou, H Neffen, K Nekam, B Niggemann, G Ninot, T D. Nyembue, R E. O'Hehir, K Ohta, Y Okamoto, K Okubo, S Ouedraogo, P Paggiaro, I Pali-Schöll, P Panzner, N Papadopoulos, A Papi, H S. Park, G Passalacqua, I Pavord, R Pawankar, R Pengelly, O Pfaar, R Picard, B Pigearias, I Pin, D Plavec, D Poethig, W Pohl, T A. Popov, F Portejoie, P Potter, D Postma, D Price, K F. Rabe, F Raciborski, F Radier Pontal, S Repka-Ramirez, S Reitamo, S Rennard, F Rodenas, J Roberts, J Roca, L Rodriguez Mañas, C Rolland, M Roman Rodriguez, A Romano, J Rosado-Pinto, N Rosario, L Rosenwasser, M Rottem, D Ryan, M Sanchez-Borges, G K. Scadding, H J. Schunemann, E Serrano, P Schmid-Grendelmeier, H Schulz, A Sheikh, M Shields, N Siafakas, Y Sibille, T Similowski, F E R Simons, J C. Sisul, I Skrindo, H A. Smit, D Solé, T Sooronbaev, O Spranger, R Stelmach, P J. Sterk, J Sunyer, C Thijs, T To, A Todo-Bom, M Triggiani, R Valenta, A L. Valero, E Valia, E Valovirta, E Van Ganse, M Van Hage, O Vandenplas, T Vasankari, B Vellas, J Vestbo, G Vezzani, P Vichyanond, G Viegi, C Vogelmeier, T Vontetsianos, M Wagenmann, B Wallaert, S Walker, D Y. Wang, U Wahn, M Wickman, D M. Williams, S Williams, J Wright, B P. Yawn, P K. Yiallouros, O M. Yusuf, A Zaidi, H J. Zar, M E. Zernotti, L Zhang, N Zhong, M Zidarn, J Mercier

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

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Mc-Ppea As A New And More Potent Inhibitor Of Clp-Induced Sepsis And Pulmonary Inflammation Than Fk866., Peixin Huang, Mark W Lee, Keivan Sadrerafi, Daniel P. Heruth, Li Q. Zhang, Dev Maulik, Shui Qing Ye

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Our previous study indicated that overexpression of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) aggravated acute lung injury, while knockdown of NAMPT expression attenuated ventilator-induced lung injury. Recently, we found that meta-carborane-butyl-3-(3-pyridinyl)-2E-propenamide (MC-PPEA, MC4), in which the benzoylpiperidine moiety of FK866 has been replaced by a carborane, displayed a 100-fold increase in NAMPT inhibition over FK866. Here, we determined the effects of MC4 and FK866 on cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) surgery-induced sepsis in C57BL/6J mice. MC4 showed stronger inhibitory effects than FK866 on CLP-induced mortality, serum tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) levels, pulmonary myeloperoxidase activity, alveolar injury, and interleukin 6 and interleukin1β messenger …

The Role Of Nicotine, A7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors And Extracellular Matrix Remodeling In Pulmonary Fibrosis., Glenn Ward Vicary

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The median survival for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients from diagnosis is a dismal 3 years. This condition is characterized by pulmonary fibroproliferation and excess production and disordered deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins resulting in obliteration of the original tissue architecture, loss of lung function and eventual death due to respiratory failure. The main hindrance to the development of effective treatments against pulmonary fibrosis is the late detection of its progression and is often of unknown cause. Tobacco smoke represents the most important environmental factor linked to the development of pulmonary fibrosis, with over 60% of IPF patients current …

Vitamin D Supplementation To Prevent Acute Respiratory Tract Infections: Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis Of Individual Participant Data, Adrian R. Martineau, David A. Jolliffe, Richard L. Hooper, Lauren Greenberg, John F. Aloia, Peter Bergman, Gal Dubnov-Raz, Susanna Esposito, Davaasambuu Ganmaa, Adit A. Ginde, Emma C. Goodall, Cameron C. Grant, Christopher J. Griffiths, Wim Janssens, Ilkka Laaksi, Semira Manaseki-Holland, David Mauger, David R. Murdoch, Rachel Neale, Judy R. Rees

Dartmouth Scholarship

OBJECTIVES To assess the overall effect of vitamin D supplementation on risk of acute respiratory tract infection, and to identify factors modifying this effect. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data (IPD) from randomised controlled trials. DATA SOURCES Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the International Standard Randomised Controlled Trials Number registry from inception to December 2015. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR STUDY SELECTION Randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trials of supplementation with vitamin D3 or vitamin D2 of any duration were eligible for inclusion if they had been approved by a …

Intravenous Versus Oral Antibiotics For Postdischarge Treatment Of Complicated Pneumonia., Samir S. Shah, Rajendu Srivastava, Susan Wu, Jeffrey D. Colvin, Derek J. Williams, Shawn J. Rangel, Waheeda Samady, Suchitra Rao, Christopher Miller, Cynthia Cross, Caitlin Clohessy, Matthew Hall, Russell Localio, Matthew Bryan, Gong Wu, Ron Keren, Pediatric Research In Inpatient Settings Network

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Postdischarge treatment of complicated pneumonia includes antibiotics administered intravenously via a peripherally inserted central venous catheter (PICC) or orally. Antibiotics administered via PICC, although effective, may result in serious complications. We compared the effectiveness and treatment-related complications of postdischarge antibiotics delivered by these 2 routes.

METHODS: This multicenter retrospective cohort study included children ≥2 months andadministration, classified as PICC or oral. The primary outcome was treatment failure. Secondary outcomes included PICC complications, adverse drug reactions, other related revisits, and a composite of all 4 outcomes, termed "all related revisits."

RESULTS: Among 2123 children, 281 (13.2%) received antibiotics …

Indoor Tobacco Legislation Is Associated With Fewer Emergency Department Visits For Asthma Exacerbation In Children., Christina E. Ciaccio, Tami Gurley-Calvez, Theresa I. Shireman

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: During the past 3 decades, numerous cities and states have adopted laws that ban smoking in public indoor spaces. The rationale for these policies has been to protect nonsmokers from the adverse health effects of secondhand smoke.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the implementation of indoor smoking legislation is associated with a decrease in emergency department visits for asthma in children.

METHODS: This retrospective analysis used a natural experiment to estimate the impact of clean indoor air legislation on the rate of emergency department admissions for asthma exacerbation in children. Data were obtained from the Pediatric Health Information System. A …

Defining And Targeting Health Disparities In Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Roy A. Pleasants, Isaretta L. Riley, David M. Mannino

Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

The global burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) continues to grow in part due to better outcomes in other major diseases and in part because a substantial portion of the worldwide population continues to be exposed to inhalant toxins. However, a disproportionate burden of COPD occurs in people of low socioeconomic status (SES) due to differences in health behaviors, sociopolitical factors, and social and structural environmental exposures. Tobacco use, occupations with exposure to inhalant toxins, and indoor biomass fuel (BF) exposure are more common in low SES populations. Not only does SES affect the risk of developing COPD and …

Selective Anticancer Activity Of Hydroxyapatite/Chitosan-Poly(D,L)-Lactide-Co-Glycolide Particles Loaded With An Androstane-Based Cancer Inhibitor, Nenad Ignjatović, Katarina M. Penov-Gaši, Victoria M. Wu, Jovana J. Ajduković, Vesna V. Kojić, Dana Vasiljević-Radović, Maja Kuzmanović, Vuk Uskoković, Dragab Uskoković

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

In an earlier study we demonstrated that hydroxyapatite nanoparticles coated with chitosan-poly(d,l)-lactide-co-glycolide (HAp/Ch-PLGA) target lungs following their intravenous injection into mice. In this study we utilize an emulsification process and freeze drying to load the composite HAp/Ch-PLGA particles with 17β-hydroxy-17α-picolyl-androst-5-en-3β-yl-acetate (A), a chemotherapeutic derivative of androstane and a novel compound with a selective anticancer activity against lung cancer cells. ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR techniques confirmed the intact structure of the derivative A following its entrapment within HAp/Ch-PLGA particles. The thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses coupled with mass spectrometry were used to assess the …

Respiratory Rate Variability In Sleeping Adults Without Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Guillermo Gutierrez, Jeffrey Williams, Ghadah Alrehaili, Anna Mclean, Ramin Pirouz, Richard L. Amdur, Vivek Jain, Jalil Ahari, Amandeep Bawa, Shawn Kimbro

Surgery Faculty Publications

Characterizing respiratory rate variability (RRV) in humans during sleep is challenging, since it requires the analysis of respiratory signals over a period of several hours. These signals are easily distorted by movement and volitional inputs. We applied the method of spectral analysis to the nasal pressure transducer signal in 38 adults with no obstructive sleep apnea, defined by an apnea‐hypopnea index <5, who underwent all‐night polysomnography (PSG). Our aim was to detect and quantitate RRV during the various sleep stages, including wakefulness. The nasal pressure transducer signal was acquired at 100 Hz and consecutive frequency spectra were generated for the length of the PSG with the Fast Fourier Transform. For each spectrum, we computed the amplitude ratio of the first harmonic peak to the zero frequency peak (H1/DC), and defined as RRV as (100 − H1/DC) %. RRV was greater during wakefulness compared to any sleep stage, including rapid‐eye‐movement. Furthermore, RRV correlated with the depth of sleep, being lowest during N3. Patients spent most their sleep time supine, but we found no correlation between RRV and body position. There was a correlation between respiratory rate and sleep stage, being greater in wakefulness than in any sleep stage. We conclude that RRV varies according to sleep stage. Moreover, spectral analysis of nasal pressure signal appears to provide a valid measure of RRV during sleep. It remains to be seen if the method can differentiate normal from pathological sleep patterns.

Airway Secretory Micrornaome Changes During Rhinovirus Infection In Early Childhood., M. Gutierrez, J. Gomez, Geovanny Perez, Krishna Pancham, Dinesh K. Pillai, M. Giri, S. Ferrante, Robert J. Freishtat, Mary C. Rose, Diego A. Preciado, Gustavo Nino

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND:

Innate immune responses are fine-tuned by small noncoding RNA molecules termed microRNAs (miRs) that modify gene expression in response to the environment. During acute infections, miRs can be secreted in extracellular vesicles (EV) to facilitate cell-to-cell genetic communication. The purpose of this study was to characterize the baseline population of miRs secreted in EVs in the airways of young children (airway secretory microRNAome) and examine the changes during rhinovirus (RV) infection, the most common cause of asthma exacerbations and the most important early risk factor for the development of asthma beyond childhood.

METHODS:

Nasal airway secretions were obtained from …

The Role Of Inflammatory Monocytes In Post-Influenza Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Pneumonia, Karl J. Fischer

Theses & Dissertations

Secondary bacterial infections following influenza can lead to poor clinical outcomes and mortality. It is widely accepted that susceptibility to secondary bacterial infections is attributable to a suppressed innate antibacterial immunity. In contrast, a dysregulated host inflammatory response may also contribute to disease severity. Inflammation induced by viral infection alone significantly affects lung pathology, potentially exacerbating the destruction of the respiratory tract. Interestingly, the role of inflammatory mediators such as inflammatory monocytes have been extensively studied during influenza infection alone; however, their role during secondary bacterial infection are still not fully established. The objective of this study was to analyze …

Available Interventions For Prevention Of Cotton Dust-Associated Lung Diseases Among Textile Workers, Asaad Ahmed Nafees, Zafar Fatmi

Community Health Sciences

The authors reviewed literature on interventions for cotton dust-associated lung diseases among textile workers. Internet sources (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google and Google Scholar) were accessed and interventions were categorized into: Engineering or administrative controls, or personal protective equipment (PPE). Ten relevant articles were shortlisted, five related to engineering controls (pre-processing, bactericidal treatment of cotton, improved workplace design, machinery and dust control measures). Administrative controls may involve setting standards, environmental surveillance, periodic medical examinations, and workers training. Although specific guidelines are available regarding the use of PPEs, but there was little literature on their effectiveness. It was concluded that there is …

Study Design Of A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial To Evaluate A Large-Scale Distribution Of Cook Stoves And Water Filters In Western Province, Rwanda, Corey L. Nagel, Miles Kirby, Laura D. Zambrano, Ghislaine Rosa, Christina K. Barstow, Evan A. Thomas, Thomas Clasen

Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: In Rwanda, pneumonia and diarrhea are the first and second leading causes of death, respectively, among children under five. Household air pollution (HAP) resultant from cooking indoors with biomass fuels on traditional stoves is a significant risk factor for pneumonia, while consumption of contaminated drinking water is a primary cause of diarrheal disease. To date, there have been no largescale effectiveness trials of programmatic efforts to provide either improved cookstoves or household water filters at scale in a low-income country. In this paper we describe the design of a clusterrandomized trial to evaluate the impact of a national-level program …

Impact Of Lung Function On Exacerbations, Health Care Utilization, And Costs Among Patients With Copd, Xuehua Ke, Jessica Marvel, Tzy-Chyi Yu, Debra Wertz, Caroline Geremakis, Liya Wang, Judith J. Stephenson, David M. Mannino

Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Objective: To evaluate the impact of lung function, measured as forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV₁) % predicted, on health care resource utilization and costs among patients with COPD in a real-world US managed-care population.

Methods: This observational retrospective cohort study utilized administrative claim data augmented with medical record data. The study population consisted of patients with one or more medical claims for pre- and postbronchodilator spirometry during the intake period (July 1, 2012 to June 30, 2013). The index date was the date of the earliest medical claim for pre- and postbronchodilator spirometry. Spirometry results were …

Hdac6 Inhibition Prevents Tnf-Α-Induced Caspase 3 Activation In Lung Endothelial Cell And Maintains Cell-Cell Junctions, Jinyan Yu, Mengshi Ma, Zhongsen Ma, Jian Fu

Center for Research on Environmental Disease Faculty Publications

Pro-inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α induce caspase activation in endothelial cells, which leads to degradation of cellular proteins, induction of apoptotic signaling, and endothelial cell dysfunction. New therapeutic agents that can inhibit caspase activation may provide protection against inflammatory injury to endothelial cells. In the present study, we examined the effects of selective histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) inhibition on TNF-α induced caspase 3 activation and cell-cell junction dysfunction in lung endothelial cells. We also assessed the protective effects of HDAC6 inhibition against lung inflammatory injury in a mouse model of endotoxemia. We demonstrated that selective HDAC6 inhibition or knockdown of …

Asthma Control Screening Using The Electronic Health Record, Accursia A. Baldassano, Jonathon Mack

Doctor of Nursing Practice Final Manuscripts

ABSTRACT

Experts in asthma care globally recommend screening for asthma control in all patients with asthma through the use of an evidence-based tool. This project embedded the Asthma Control Test (ACT) in the electronic health record to determine if screening for control would change compared to standard care.

Methods

An electronic template of the ACT was embedded in the electronic health record system for a community faith-based family medicine clinic. All patients 12 years and older with a previous diagnosis of asthma were included in this project. These patients were screened for asthma control using the template at every appointment. …

Clinical Approach To Nonresponsive Pneumonia In Adults Diagnosed By A Primary Care Clinician: A Retrospective Study, Kiley B. Vander Wyst, Jessica J. F. Kram, Dennis J. Baumgardner

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Purpose

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is commonly diagnosed in the primary care setting. Management of nonresponsive pneumonia (NRP), i.e. failure to respond to CAP treatment, is not clearly understood. The purpose of this study was to describe the initial work-up and treatment of CAP in the ambulatory primary care setting and to determine relative proportion of, diagnostic approach to and treatment of NRP.

Methods

We retrospectively studied adult patients diagnosed with CAP within our large, integrated health care system from October 2006 through July 2013. Cases were defined as patients with CAP who worsened after 4 days, or did not improve …