Respiratory Tract Diseases Commons^™

Effect Of Low-Level Co2 On Innate Inflammatory Protein Response To Organic Dust From Swine Confinement Barns., David Schneberger, Jane M. Devasure, Kristina L. Bailey, Debra J. Romberger, Todd A. Wyatt

Journal Articles: Pulmonary & Critical Care Med

BACKGROUND: Organic hog barn dust (HDE) exposure induces lung inflammation and long-term decreases in lung function in agricultural workers. While concentrations of common gasses in confined animal facilities are well characterized, few studies have been done addressing if exposure to elevated barn gasses impacts the lung immune response to organic dusts. Given the well documented effects of hypercapnia at much higher levels we hypothesized that CO2 at 8 h exposure limit levels (5000 ppm) could alter innate immune responses to HDE.

METHODS: Using a mouse model, C57BL/6 mice were nasally instilled with defined barn dust extracts and then housed in …

Effect Of Low-Level Co2 On Innate Inflammatory Protein Response To Organic Dust From Swine Confinement Barns., David Schneberger, Jane M. Devasure, Kristina L. Bailey, Debra J. Romberger, Todd A. Wyatt

Journal Articles: Pulmonary & Critical Care Med

BACKGROUND: Organic hog barn dust (HDE) exposure induces lung inflammation and long-term decreases in lung function in agricultural workers. While concentrations of common gasses in confined animal facilities are well characterized, few studies have been done addressing if exposure to elevated barn gasses impacts the lung immune response to organic dusts. Given the well documented effects of hypercapnia at much higher levels we hypothesized that CO2 at 8 h exposure limit levels (5000 ppm) could alter innate immune responses to HDE.

METHODS: Using a mouse model, C57BL/6 mice were nasally instilled with defined barn dust extracts and then housed in …

The Role Of Asb3 Gene Single Nucleotide Polymorphism In The Progression To Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia In Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants, Anna Zylak, Leewen Hsu, Asma Amin, Shaili Amatya, Sharina Rajbhandari, Alexander Feldman, Umesh Paudel, Lance A. Parton

NYMC Faculty Posters

No abstract provided.

Rock2 Gene Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms And Association With Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia In Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants, Sharina Rajbhandari, Asma Amin, Shaili Amatya, Leewen Hsu, Anna Zylak, Umesh Paudel, Lance A. Parton

NYMC Faculty Posters

No abstract provided.

Are Gene Polymorphisms Of Fibroblast Growth Factor 10 Associated With Patent Ductus Arteriosus And Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia In Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants?, Shaili Amatya, Asma Amin, Umesh Paudel, Lance A. Parton

NYMC Faculty Posters

No abstract provided.

Pulmonary Surfactant Fortified With Cath-2 As A Novel Therapy For Bacterial Pneumonia, Brandon J. Baer

Western Research Forum

Background: Bacterial pneumonia is a leading cause of death worldwide, with high mortality rates persisting even after antibiotic treatment. Current treatments for pneumonia involve administration of antibiotics, however after the bacteria are killed they release toxic substances that induce inflammation and lung dysfunction. Host defense peptides represent a potential solution to this problem through their ability to down regulate inflammation. However, effective delivery to the lung is difficult because of the complex branching structure of the airways. My study addresses this delivery problem by using exogenous surfactant, a pulmonary delivery vehicle capable of improving spreading of these peptides throughout the …

Enhanced Control Of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Extrapulmonary Dissemination In Mice By An Arabinomannan-Protein Conjugate Vaccine, R Prados-Rosales, L Carreno, T Cheng, C Blanc, B Weinrick, Aharona Glatman-Freedman, A Casadevall, S Hung, A Tripathi, J Xu, Aharona Glatman-Freedman, W Jacobs Jr., J Chan, S Porcelli, J Achkar, A Casadevall

NYMC Faculty Publications

Currently there are a dozen or so of new vaccine candidates in clinical trials for prevention of tuberculosis (TB) and each formulation attempts to elicit protection by enhancement of cell-mediated immunity (CMI). In contrast, most approved vaccines against other bacterial pathogens are believed to mediate protection by eliciting antibody responses. However, it has been difficult to apply this formula to TB because of the difficulty in reliably eliciting protective antibodies. Here, we developed capsular polysaccharide conjugates by linking mycobacterial capsular arabinomannan (AM) to either Mtb Ag85b or B. anthracis protective antigen (PA). Further, we studied their immunogenicity by ELISA and …

Postnatal Betamethasone Decreases Respiratory Index In Ventilated Extremely Low Birth Weight Neonates Compared To Conventional Care, Yuanyi Murray, Sanjeet Panda, Dina Finkel, Vanessa Mercado, Edmund F. La Gamma

NYMC Faculty Posters

No abstract provided.

Population-Based Pertussis Incidence And Risk Factors In Infants Less Than 6 Months In Nepal., Michelle M Hughes, Janet A Englund, Jane Kuypers, James M Tielsch, Subarna K Khatry, Laxman Shrestha, Steven C Leclerq, Mark Steinhoff, Joanne Katz

Global Health Faculty Publications

Background.

Pertussis is estimated to cause 2 percent of childhood deaths globally and is a growing public health problem in developed countries despite high vaccination coverage. Infants are at greatest risk of morbidity and mortality. Maternal vaccination during pregnancy may be effective to prevent pertussis in young infants, but population-based estimates of disease burden in infants are lacking, particularly in low-income countries. The objective of this study was to estimate the incidence of pertussis in infants less than 6 months of age in Sarlahi District, Nepal.

Methods.

Nested within a population-based randomized controlled trial of influenza vaccination during pregnancy, infants …

Potent Single-Domain Antibodies That Arrest Respiratory Syncytial Virus Fusion Protein In Its Prefusion State, Iebe Rossey, Morgan Gilman, Stephanie Kabeche, Koen Sedeyn, Daniel Wrapp

Dartmouth Scholarship

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the main cause of lower respiratory tract infections in young children. The RSV fusion protein (F) is highly conserved and is the only viral membrane protein that is essential for infection. The prefusion conformation of RSV F is considered the most relevant target for antiviral strategies because it is the fusion-competent form of the protein and the primary target of neutralizing activity present in human serum. Here, we describe two llama-derived single-domain antibodies (VHHs) that have potent RSV-neutralizing activity and bind selectively to prefusion RSV F with picomolar affinity. Crystal structures of these VHHs …

Metastatic Biomarkers In Synovial Sarcoma, Rosalia De Necochea-Campion, Lee M. Zuckerman, Hamid R. Mirshahidi, Shahrzad Khosrowpour, Chien-Shing Chen, Saied Mirshahidi

Library Articles and Research

Synovial sarcoma (SS) is an aggressive soft tissue sarcoma (STS) that typically occurs in the extremities near a joint. Metastatic disease is common and usually occurs in the lungs and lymph nodes. Surgical management is the mainstay of treatment with chemotherapy and radiation typically used as adjuvant treatment. Although chemotherapy has a positive impact on survival, the prognosis is poor if metastatic disease occurs. The biology of sarcoma invasion and metastasis remain poorly understood. Chromosomal translocation with fusion of the SYT and SSX genes has been described and is currently used as a diagnostic marker, although the full impact of …

Using Cluster Analysis Of Cytokines To Identify Patterns Of Inflammation In Hospitalized Patients With Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Pilot Study, Timothy L. Wiemken, Robert R. Kelley, Rafael Fernandez-Botran, William A. Mattingly, Forest W. Arnold, Stephen P. Furmanek, Marcos I. Restrepo, James D. Chalmers, Paula Peyrani, Rodrigo Cavallazzi, Jose Bordon, Stefano Aliberti, Julio A. Ramirez

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

Purpose: Patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) are believed to have an exaggerated inflammatory response to bacterial infection. Therapies aiming to modulate the inflammatory response have been largely unsuccessful, perhaps reflecting that CAP is a heterogeneous disorder that cannot be modulated by a single anti-inflammatory approach. We hypothesize that the host inflammatory response to pneumonia may be characterized by distinct cytokine patterns, which can be harnessed for personalized therapies.

Methods: Here, we use hierarchical cluster analysis of cytokines to examine if patterns of inflammatory response in 13 hospitalized patients with CAP can be defined. This was a secondary data analysis …

Neutrophil Function In Elderly Patients Hospitalized With Community- Acquired Pneumonia, Jorge Perez San Juan, Lisandra Rodriguez Hernandez, Timothy L. Wiemken, Robert R. Kelley, Rafael Fernandez-Botran, Martin Gnoni, Paula Peyrani, Madhavi J. Rane, Forest W. Arnold, Julio A. Ramirez, Silvia Uriarte, Jose Bordon

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

Background: Advanced age is associated with immunosenescence as well as increased risk for poor outcomes during episodes of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Data on neutrophil function in hospitalized elderly patients with CAP is lacking. In this study we compared neutrophil function in elderly and non-elderly hospitalized patients with CAP.

Methods: Prospective study of healthy controls (HC) and patients hospitalized with CAP nonelderly (NE-CAP) and elderly (E-CAP). Blood samples were obtained on the day of hospitalization. The following neutrophil functional assays were performed: degranulation of secretory vesicles (CD35), degranulation of specific granules (CD66b), phagocytosis, and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) …

Empty Nose Syndrome—What Do We Know?, Ethan Frank, Christopher Church Md

Loma Linda University Student Journal

Empty nose syndrome is a complication of nasal surgery wherein patients develop a persistent, debilitating sense of nasal obstruction and dyspnea despite clear nasal cavities. It is characterized by a discrepancy between prominent subjective symptoms and near total lack of objective findings, making it difficult to diagnose. The pathophysiology of empty nose syndrome is a complex mix of aerodynamic, physiologic, and neurological changes leading to altered airflow and diminished sensory function. Evolving treatment options consist of medical symptom control or surgical reconstruction.

Stem Cell Therapy For End Stage Copd: A Cautionary Tale Of Direct-To-Consumer Advertising, Blake J. Arthurs, Scott Yaekle

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

A critical appraisal and clinical application of Weiss DJ, Casaburi R, Flannery R, LeRoux-Williams M, Tashkin DP. A placebo-controlled, randomized trial of mesenchymal stem cells in COPD. Chest. 2013;143(6):1590-1598. doi: 10.1378/chest.12-2094

Familial Lung Cancer: A Brief History From The Earliest Work To The Most Recent Studies, Anthony Musolf, Claire Simpson, Mariza De Andrade, Diptasri Mandal, Colette Gaba, Ping Yang, Yafang Li

Dartmouth Scholarship

Lung cancer is the deadliest cancer in the United States, killing roughly one of four cancer patients in 2016. While it is well-established that lung cancer is caused primarily by environmental effects (particularly tobacco smoking), there is evidence for genetic susceptibility. Lung cancer has been shown to aggregate in families, and segregation analyses have hypothesized a major susceptibility locus for the disease. Genetic association studies have provided strong evidence for common risk variants of small-to-moderate effect. Rare and highly penetrant alleles have been identified by linkage studies, including on 6q23–25. Though not common, some germline mutations have also been identified …

Recurrent Pneumonia Among Japanese Adults: Disease Burden And Risk Factors, Tomoko Ishifuji, Eiichiro Sando, Norihiro Kaneko, Motoi Suzuki, Paul E. Kilgore, Koya Ariyoshi, Konosuke Morimoto, Naoto Hosokawa, Makito Yaegashi, Masahiro Aoshima, Adult Pneumonia Study Group - Japan (Apsg-J)

Department of Pharmacy Practice

Background: In Japan and other societies with rapidly aging populations, recurrent pneumonia (RP) is a major clinical problem yet only limited information exists regarding the burden of this disease.

Methods: A prospective study of adult pneumonia was conducted to investigate the incidence of RP and potential risk factors. From February 1, 2012 to January 31, 2013, patients aged ≥ 15 years who were diagnosed with pneumonia were prospectively enrolled in a representative community hospital located in central Japan. Patients were followed for one-year to evaluate the recurrence of pneumonia and characteristics associated with RP. Cox proportional hazards models were constructed …

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Sabotages The Generation Of Host Proresolving Lipid Mediators, Becca A. Flitter, Kelli L. Hvorecny, Emiko Ono, Taylor Eddens

Dartmouth Scholarship

Recurrent Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections coupled with robust, damaging neutrophilic inflammation characterize the chronic lung disease cystic fibrosis (CF). The proresolving lipid mediator, 15-epi lipoxin A4 (15-epi LXA4), plays a critical role in limiting neutrophil activation and tissue inflammation, thus promoting the return to tissue homeostasis. Here, we show that a secreted P. aeruginosa epoxide hydrolase, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator inhibitory factor (Cif), can disrupt 15-epi LXA4 transcellular biosynthesis and function. In the airway, 15-epi LXA4 production is stimulated by the epithelial-derived eicosanoid 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (14,15-EET). Cif sabotages the production of 15-epi LXA4 by rapidly hydrolyzing 14,15-EET into its cognate …

Febrile Rhinovirus Illness During Pregnancy Is Associated With Low Birth Weight In Nepal., Erin K Philpott, Janet A Englund, Joanne Katz, James Tielsch, Subarna Khatry, Stephen C Leclerq, Laxman Shrestha, Jane Kuypers, Amalia S Magaret, Mark C Steinhoff, Helen Y Chu

Global Health Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Adverse birth outcomes, including low birth weight (LBW), defined as <2500 >grams, small-for-gestational-age (SGA), and prematurity, contribute to 60%-80% of infant mortality worldwide and may be related to infections during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to assess whether febrile human rhinovirus (HRV) illness is associated with adverse birth outcomes.

METHODS: Active household-based weekly surveillance was performed for respiratory illness episodes in pregnant women as part of a community-based, prospective, randomized trial of maternal influenza immunization in rural Nepal. Rhinovirus (HRV) febrile illness episodes were defined as fever plus cough, sore throat, runny nose, and/or myalgia with HRV detected …

Endotypes Of Difficult-To-Control Asthma In Inner-City African American Children., K R Brown, R Z Krouse, A Calatroni, C M Visness, U Sivaprasad, C M Kercsmar, E C Matsui, J B West, M M Makhija, M A Gill, H Kim, M Kattan, D Pillai, J E Gern, W W Busse, A Togias, A H Liu, G K Khurana Hershey

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

African Americans have higher rates of asthma prevalence, morbidity, and mortality in comparison with other racial groups. We sought to characterize endotypes of childhood asthma severity in African American patients in an inner-city pediatric asthma population. Baseline blood neutrophils, blood eosinophils, and 38 serum cytokine levels were measured in a sample of 235 asthmatic children (6-17 years) enrolled in the NIAID (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases)-sponsored Asthma Phenotypes in the Inner City (APIC) study (ICAC (Inner City Asthma Consortium)-19). Cytokines were quantified using a MILLIPLEX panel and analyzed on a Luminex analyzer. Patients were classified as Easy-to-Control or …