Respiratory Tract Diseases Commons^™

Elective Tracheostomy In Critically Ill Children: A 10-Year Single-Center Experience From A Lower-Middle Income Country, Sidra Ishaque, Anwarul Haque, Saqib Hamid Qazi, Hamdan Mallick, Saad Nasir

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Objective: Tracheostomy is a commonly performed procedure amongst critically ill patients, especially in cases of prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV). This study aimed to describe the indications, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of elective pediatric tracheostomies in critically ill children at our center.
Methods: A retrospective review of medical records of children who underwent elective tracheostomies in our pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) was conducted from January 2009 to June 2018. Data were extracted based on demographics, indications of tracheostomy, and patient outcomes. Results were reported as mean with standard deviation and as frequencies with percentage.
Results: Of the 3,200 patients admitted …

Convalescent Plasma In Covid-19, Ranjit S. Banwait, Joshua K. Salabei, Troy J. Fishman, Uma G. Iyer

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine

The recent pandemic of SARS-CoV-2, which causes novel coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), has had devastating impact on a global and national scale. In order to overcome this outbreak it is imperative we find treatments that are safe and effective. To date, no definitive treatment is available that can curtail the spread of this viral syndrome. Convalescent plasma (CP) is one such option that has repeatedly served as an important tool in treatment of various bacterial and viral infections, especially in the setting of no specific antimicrobial or vaccination against an infectious disease. Herein, we review the history of CP, prior …

Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension, Alyssa Curry

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Chronic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a rare and underdiagnosed complication of unresolved acute pulmonary embolism (PE). A chronic fibrotic thrombus replaces the unresolved emboli in the pulmonary vascular bed causing pre-capillary pulmonary hypertension (Mahmud et al., 2018). Symptoms rang from mild nonspecific such as exercise intolerance and dyspnea. As the disease progresses, symptoms present similarly to right ventricular heart failure (Gopalan et al., 2016). Although the pathophysiology and etiology of CTEPH is still not fully understood, risk factors include increased size of the PE, right ventricular strain, chronic inflammation, and defects in fibrinolysis among others (Fernandes et al., 2016). Treatment …

Initial And Repeated Point Prevalence Surveys To Inform Sars-Cov-2 Infection Prevention In 26 Skilled Nursing Facilities - Detroit, Michigan, March-May 2020, Guillermo V. Sanchez, Caitlin Bierdon, Lauren R. Fink, Kelly M. Hatfield, Jordan Micah F. Polistico, Monica P. Meyers, Rebecca S. Noe, Casey E. Copen, Amanda K. Lyons, Gonzalo Gonzalez, Keith Kiama, Mark Lebednick, Bonnie K. Caander, Amen Agbonze, Aimee R. Surma, Avnish Sandhu, Valerie H. Mika, Tyler Prentiss, John Zervos, Donia A. Dalal, Amber M. Vasquez, Sujan C. Reddy, John Jernigan, Paul E. Kilgore, Marcus J. Zervos, Teena Chopra, Carla P. Bezold, Najibah K. Rehman

Department of Pharmacy Practice

No abstract provided.

Phosphodiesterase Isoforms And Camp Compartments In The Development Of New Therapies For Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Martina Schmidt, Isabella Cattani-Cavalieri, Francisco J. Nuñez, Rennolds S. Ostrom

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

The second messenger molecule 3′5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) imparts several beneficial effects in lung diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). While cAMP is bronchodilatory in asthma and COPD, it also displays anti-fibrotic properties that limit fibrosis. Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) metabolize cAMP and thus regulate cAMP signaling. While some existing therapies inhibit PDEs, there are only broad family specific inhibitors. The understanding of cAMP signaling compartments, some centered around lipid rafts/caveolae, has led to interest in defining how specific PDE isoforms maintain these signaling microdomains. The possible altered expression of PDEs, and thus abnormal …

Silent Hypoxia In Covid-19: What Is Old Is New Again!, Sadaf Sheikh, Muhammad Akbar Baig

Department of Emergency Medicine

No abstract provided.

Improving Latent Tuberculosis Infection (Ltbi) Screening And Treatment In A School-Based Setting, Andrea Bell

Doctor of Nursing Practice Final Manuscripts

Abstract

Background: San Diego County’s tuberculosis (TB) incidence rate is nearly double than the national rate. In 2019, there have been 5 cases of active TB in the county’s public high schools, which have demonstrated the need for prevention interventions in this setting.

Objectives: This evidence-based project is aimed to increase awareness, screening and treatment of latent TB infection (LTBI) in the school setting.

Methods: A TB risk assessment form and consent was sent in the registration packets. A one-time TB educational presentation was given to high school freshman students with a pretest and posttest. For students at-risk, a confidential …

Outcomes Of Patients Hospitalized With Community-Acquired Pneumonia With Liver Disease Or Cirrhosis., Bibodh Jung Karki, Sravan K. Ponnekanti, Vidyulata Salunkhe, Nishita Tripathi, Mahder A. Tella, Stephen P. Furmanek, Forest W. Arnold

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

Introduction: Liver disease and cirrhosis are common causes of mortality worldwide. Community-acquired pneumonia is recognized as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in this population of adults. There is a lack of data regarding outcomes or prognosis in patients with liver dysfunction who develop CAP. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics, incidence, and outcomes of hospitalized patients with CAP and liver disease.

Methods: This was a secondary analysis of the University of Louisville Pneumonia Study, which was a prospective population-based cohort study of adults hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia. All patients were divided into three …

The Covid-19 Pandemic And The Power Of Numbers, Jessica Ancker

Numeracy

The COVID-19 pandemic has produced a deluge of news coverage of quantitative concepts. In this viewpoint, we provide examples of effective and poor quantitative communication by the professional news media as well as social media communicators. Effective examples include a number of online animations and engaging interactive simulations. Examples of poor quantitative communication include the widespread reporting of raw numbers rather than rates, failing to address uncertainty, not providing sufficient context for numbers, and not discussing the implications of false negative and false positive diagnostic test results. Educators can draw from this body of news to develop compelling quantitative literacy …

Maternal Education And Cockroach Sensitization In Asthmatic Children, Jessica S. Van Mason, Ryan Allenbrand, David Williams, Kevin Kennedy, Salman Aljubran

Research Days

No abstract provided.

Angiopoietin 1 Protects Against Lps-Induced Acute Lung Injury And Alveolar Remodeling In Neonatal Mice, Umar Salimi

Research Days

No abstract provided.

Pneumonia: An Unexpected Graveyard Visitor?, Daniel A. Casas, Jigar Chauhan, Melanie Williams, Jan Sambataro, David Sukhai, Pablo G. Dubon, Jorge Perez

West Florida Division GME Research Day 2020

Community acquired pneumonia caused by Influenza can present with superinfection. On rare occasions, an unexpected organism is discovered.

Iatrogenic Pneumothorax With Subsequent Subcutaneous Emphysema, George Michael, Eric Yuschak, My Myers

West Florida Division GME Research Day 2020

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States, accounting for 13% of all new cancer diagnoses and 24% of all cancer deaths.1 Transthoracic CT-guided biopsy (CTGB) is commonly used as a diagnostic tool for lung cancer, with high diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. 2 This procedure, however, is not without its risks which include pulmonary hemorrhage and iatrogenic pneumothorax (IPNX). Emergent chest tube placement is standard care of treatment for massive or symptomatic IPNX, commonly with the use of smaller caliber chest tubes. 2 There is, however, a growing discussion over use of larger caliber …

Acute Hypoxic Respiratory Failure Due To Organizing Pneumonia With Lipoid/Cholesterol Component Caused By Thc Vaping With E-Cigarette, Jinal K. Patel, Kiran Tirumalasetty, Jessica Khabra, Imran Khan, Johnathan Frunzi

West Florida Division GME Research Day 2020

Vaping has been the new and deemed “safer” way to inhale addictive chemicals such as nicotine and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), but it does not encompass the detrimental effects of other ingredients in these vaping cartridges that can cause lung injury[1,2]. Similar studies with dabbing (heating THC wax concentrate at high temperatures with butane) showcase rapidly progressing lung injury with massive consolidation and lasting effects on lung parenchyma over a period of time [3]. This case report aims to educate people, especially the younger generation, of the dangers of newer ways of combustible alternatives that have been marketed as a “safer” way …

A Case Of Medication-Induced Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage In Neurofibromatosis Type 1, Ashar Mahmood, Liz Palmer, Rebecca Schuyler, Svitlana Sharpovalova, Bilal Nadeem, Mukesh Mehta, Salman Muddassir, Nikolay Mitzov, Monicka S. Felix

West Florida Division GME Research Day 2020

• Amiodarone, an antiarrhythmic and apixaban, an anticoagulant have been associated with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH).
• Cases have been documented demonstrating DAH in the setting of amiodarone and apixabantreatment, however there are few cases examining DAH in combination therapy.
• We present a case of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in the setting of amiodarone and apixaban treatment for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.
• NF1 is know to have higher risk for major bleeds due to their friable vasculature.

How Immune T-Cell Augmentation Can Help Prevent Covid-19: A Possible Nutritional Solution Using Ketogenic Lifestyle, Ravi K. Kamepalli Md,Fidsa,Cwsp

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

No abstract provided.

Modulator Therapy For Cystic Fibrosis: An Exploration Of Current Research, Jessalyn Rombocos

Senior Honors Theses

Developing a drug therapy that addresses the root cause of cystic fibrosis (CF) by increasing CFTR protein levels has long been a research challenge. After genetic therapy failed because a suitable delivery system could not be found, researchers began searching for small organic molecules that could act as chaperones for CFTR. These molecules, known as modulators, allowed CFTR to be assembled correctly and function similarly to wild type CFTR. Since 2012, four modulator drugs have been developed, tested, and approved by the FDA. In October 2019, Trikafta was approved as the first triple-combination modulator drug and has completely revolutionized CF …

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19), Matthew Dunbar

Pharmacy Student Scholarship

No abstract provided.

The Domestic And Global Implications Of Considering Non-Us Origin A Risk Factor For Tuberculosis In The United States, Emma Gile 20

Honor Scholar Theses

No abstract provided.

Paediatric Respiratory Isolation: A Challenge For A Secondary Care Hospital! A Service Innovation Project, Nadia Mohammad, Shireen Mohammad, Arjumand Sohaila, Syed Mohammad Yousuf, Adnan Khan, Rahila Meghani, Kashif Sajwani, Khalil Ahmad, Ali Faisal Saleem Dr, Pawan Vash

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Objective: The aim of this project was to broaden the secondary care hospital's scope of services and provide safe, effective and quality care for the patient presenting with measles.
Methods: Six Sigma DMAIC [define measure, analyze, improve, and control (DMAIC)] methodology was used in this quality improvement project. The quality project was started in October 2015 using a Gantt chart quality tool.
Results: The paediatric team with the support of administration of the hospital has established isolation rooms and devised a policy for the care and management of patient with airborne infection to avoid cross transmission. During six months period …