Immune System Diseases Commons^™

An Electrochemical Sensor For Tenofovir Monitoring, Abdellatif Ait Lahcen, Gymama Slaughter

Center for Bioelectronics Publications

Effective monitoring of tenofovir (TFV) adherence is critical for ensuring the success of antiretroviral therapies in preventing and managing HIV, as nonadherence can lead to treatment failure and the development of drug-resistant strains. In this study, a highly sensitive and selective novel biomimetic sensor for TFV determination is developed utilizing laser-scribed graphene (LSG) modified with gold spiky nanostructures (AuNSp) and molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP). The MIP layer is engineered with precise control to maximize molecular specificity for TFV. Electrochemical characterization demonstrates excellent performance, including the broadest linear detection range (10 nM to 200 μM) reported to date with a sensitivity …

Hiv Protein Tat Dysregulates Multiple Pathways In Human Ipscs- Derived Microglia, Liam Liyang Guo, Robert Jiang, Yan Cheng, Brooke Russell, Yan Y. Sanders, Ming-Lei Guo

Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences Faculty Publications

In the era of combined antiretroviral therapy, around 50% of chronic HIV (+) individuals show varying degrees of memory and cognitive deficiency (NeuroHIV), a phenomenon of accelerated brain aging. HIV protein transactivator of transcription (TAT) has been well-accepted as a risk factor contributing to NeuroHIV through dysregulating microglia (Mg) functions. Previous studies have demonstrated that HIV-TAT can affect lipid metabolism, immune responses, autophagy, and senescence in rodent Mg. However, due to the significant species differences between rodent and human Mg (hMg), it is essential to take caution when interpreting the results obtained from rodent models into human conditions. For the …

Identifying The Role And Influence Of Interleukin-27 On The Neonatal Immune Response, Jordan Kane Vance

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The first month of life is a critical and vulnerable developmental stage, characterized by a heightened risk of life-threatening infections. Each year, 1.3 million newborns succumb to neonatal bacterial sepsis. The immune system during the neonatal period has unique features that lead to inefficiencies at clearing infection. Early life immunity is characterized by a Th2-biased profile with decreased IL‑12, IFN-γ, and TNF-α, along with increased IL‑6 and IL‑23. Additionally, IL‑27, an immunosuppressive cytokine, is also elevated during this period and further contributes to susceptibility to infection. Early diagnosis and intervention are critical in administering effective care in newborns and there …

Willingness To Use Long-Acting Injectable Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (Lai-Prep) Among Black Cisgender Women In The Southern United States, Sylvia Shangani, Jaquetta M. Reeves, Kristin Heron, Jessica M. Sales, Kenneth K. Mugwanya

Psychology Faculty Publications

Background

Long-acting injectable pre-exposure prophylaxis (LAI-PrEP) for HIV prevention may improve adherence for those with concerns with daily pills. Limited data exist on LAI-PrEP acceptability among Black women in the U.S., a population vulnerable to HIV. We assessed willingness to use LAI-PrEP among Black women eligible for PrEP in the Southern U.S.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional online survey of HIV-negative Black women from March to June 2022 in the U.S. South. Participants provided information on sociodemographic characteristics, HIV knowledge, PrEP awareness, and use, stigma, risk perception, medical mistrust, and healthcare access. Multivariate logistic regression models determined factors associated with …

Pleural Infection: Controversies On The Therapeutic Strategies, Ken K.P. Chan, Estee P.M. Lau, Y. C. Gary Lee

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Purpose of review Management of pleural infection remains heterogeneous worldwide. This review highlights current controversies in therapeutic strategies for pleural infection, focusing particularly on recent studies and their implications. Recent findings The introduction of intrapleural therapy combining alteplase [a tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)] and deoxyribonuclease (DNase) has revolutionized treatment practices, though the optimal delivery and dosing regimen is an area of active investigation. Variations to simplify administration protocols and/or to lower the required drug doses have been published. Most were exploratory studies, but the variations showed maintained therapeutic efficacy. Whether intrapleural alteplase/DNase or video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is superior is …

Autoimmune Pancreatitis Not Otherwise Specified (Aip-Nos): The Importance Of Gastroenterology Consultation When Clinical Findings Are Concerning For Pancreatic Cancer, Cooper Alden Josephs, Daniel Mullady, Nicholas Fuerstenau, Steve Xie, Taylor Templeton-Jager

South Atlantic Division GME Research Day 2025

No abstract provided.

Atypical Presentation Of Ocular Myasthenia Gravis In A 26 Year Old Female, Laura Henein, Shahla Delawalla, Ebere Obasi, Gina Brock, Shameka Jones

South Atlantic Division GME Research Day 2025

No abstract provided.

Immunotherapy-Induced Diabetes Mellitus Type 1: A New Perpetrator To The World Of Autoimmune Diabetes, Merid Moqattash, Dennis Besong

South Atlantic Division GME Research Day 2025

No abstract provided.

Beyond The Kidney: Unraveling Sle And Aps In A Renal Infarction Case, Jacqueline Gilmore, David Anez, Omar Yaghi, Sofia Battistini-Garcia

South Atlantic Division GME Research Day 2025

No abstract provided.

A Strange Case Of Sudden-Onset Dysphagia: Esophageal Dysmotility And Dilation In A Lupus Patient, Arjavon Talebzadeh, Trevor Williams

South Atlantic Division GME Research Day 2025

No abstract provided.

Renal Isolated Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Disease: A Diagnostic Challenge, Reggie Skains, Brooke Escoe, Jamie Campbell

South Atlantic Division GME Research Day 2025

No abstract provided.

Drug-Induced Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis From An Unreported Source: Daptomycin, Jennifer K. Priessnitz, Timothy Kuzel, Lindsay Ackerman, Nelson Nicolasora

Department of Medicine Faculty Publications

Leukocytoclastic vasculitis (LCV) is a rare small-vessel vasculitis caused by immune-complex-mediated deposition on endothelial cells of dermal capillaries. Common triggers include medications, infections, autoimmune disorders, and malignancies. We present a case of a 58-year-old male who developed daptomycin-induced LCV after being treated for Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) endocarditis. The patient experienced painful palpable purpura on his lower extremities, which was diagnosed as LCV by skin biopsy. At the time of the biopsy, warfarin and daptomycin were discontinued, and the patient was transitioned to heparin and ceftaroline. MRSA-induced LCV was ruled out, due to negative blood cultures and adequate source control …

Educational Case: Bullous Pemphigoid, Ryan C. Saal, Alice A. Roberts, Richard M. Conran

Department of Medicine Faculty Publications

The following fictional case is intended as a learning tool within the Pathology Competencies for Medical Education (PCME), a set of national standards for teaching pathology. These are divided into three basic competencies: Disease Mechanisms and Processes, Organ System Pathology, and Diagnostic Medicine and Therapeutic Pathology. For additional information, and a full list of learning objectives for all three competencies, see https://www.academicpathologyjournal.org/pcme.1

In Danger: Hiv Vaccine Research And Development In Europe, Roger Tatoud, Yves Lévy, Roger Le Grand, Jose Alcami, Giorgio Barbareschi, Christian Brander, Andrea Cara, Behazine Combadière, François Dabis, Sarah Fidler, Tomáš Hanke, Carolina Herrera, Gunilla B. Karlsson Hedestam, Hester Kuipers, Sheena Mccormack, Christiane Moog, Giuseppe Pantaleo, Laura Richert, Rogier W. Sanders, Robin Shattock, Hendrik Streeck, Rodolphe Thiebaut, Alexandra Trkola, Klaus Üeberla, Marit J. Van Gills, Ralf Wagner, Winfried Weissenhorn, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Gabriella Scarlatti, Jean Daniel Lelièvre

Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Faculty Publications

Highly effective antiretroviral-based HIV prevention plays an important role in ending the global HIV/AIDS epidemic. However, the sustainable control of the epidemic is hampered by unequal access to prevention options, including HIV testing, alongside with drug resistance and ongoing barriers to accessing sustainable HIV treatment. Therefore, an HIV vaccine, combined with effective prevention and treatment, remains an absolute necessity to control the epidemic. Yet, the recent discontinuation of four major vaccine efficacy studies is raising concerns about the future of HIV vaccine research and development globally, and particularly in the European region where funding for vaccine research and development has …

Fda Approves Neffy®- First Nasal Spray For Anaphylaxis, Abigail Carter, Penlope Mazivanhanga, Haylee Whyde, Rileigh Rahrig, Ashley Jacob, Anna Spalvieri, Joshua Honaker, Samantha Mccord, Andrew Roecker

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

Between 1.6 and 5.1% of the United States population have experienced anaphylaxis, a severe allergic reaction.1 Anaphylaxis occurs when someone is exposed to an allergen, most commonly foods, medications, and insect venom. Epinephrine is the first-line agent for anaphylaxis treatment, and it is critical to administer this medication immediately after the onset of anaphylactic symptoms to prevent worsening that could lead to death. Epinephrine, more commonly known as EpiPen® or Auvi-Q®, has historically only been available as an intramuscular (IM) injection. Many people are afraid, anxious, or uneducated on how to properly give someone an IM injection, causing anaphylaxis treatment …

Drug-Induced Hypersensitivity Syndrome With Liver Injury Due To Phenytoin: A Case Report, Lorettha Wijaya, Stella Adevita, Steven Alvianto, Yoseveline Christiani, Alius Cahyadi, Raesa Yolanda

Journal of General - Procedural Dermatology and Venereology Indonesia

Background: Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS) is a rare and severe systemic drug reaction characterized by skin involvement, internal organ complications, and hematologic disorders. Management of this condition is challenging due to its wide range of cutaneous manifestations and 10% mortality rate.

Case Illustration: A 52-year-old male presented with widespread redness throughout his body with a prior history of regular phenytoin consumption. The rash continued to spread despite the patient’s abrupt discontinuation of the suspected medication. He was diagnosed with atypical DIHS according to J-SCAR criteria and was given high-dose corticosteroid. Drastic clinical improvement was observed after nine days of therapy, …

Evolving Treatment Strategies For Systemic Lupus Erythematosus In Clinical Practice: A Narrative Review, Alan D. Kaye, Joseph P. Tassin, William C. Upshaw, Chandni R. Patel, Alison M. Hawkins, Caroline R. Burroughs, Kristin Nicole Bembenick, Chizoba N. Mosieri, Shahab Ahmadzadeh, Adam M. Kaye, Sahar Shekoohi, Giustino Varrassi

School of Dentistry Faculty Publications

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that more commonly affects African American people, although it is seen in people of all racial backgrounds. This condition is characterized by a dysregulated immune response resulting in widespread inflammation. Clinical manifestations caused by this inflammation include arthritis, anemia, cutaneous rashes, pleuritis, and nephritis. Treatment for SLE aims to reduce disease activity and maintain a state of low inflammation. In this regard, numerous treatments are used, such as hydroxychloroquine, glucocorticoids, and non-glucocorticoid immunosuppressants such as methotrexate. Related to these drugs resulting in significant adverse effects and being ineffective in controlling SLE symptoms …

Telehealth In Emergency Medicine Residency Training: A Model Curriculum, Laura Oh, Rahul Bhat, Michael J Carr, Aditi U Joshi, Bruce M Lo, Ashley C Rider, Lulu Wang, Michael C Wadman, Samuel D Luber

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Emergency physicians are well‐positioned to take a leadership role in telehealth, particularly in emerging categories such as triage, direct acute unscheduled care, and virtual observation. However, the growth of telehealth has outpaced curricular development in emergency medicine (EM) residency programs. This manuscript presents a model longitudinal telehealth curriculum, developed by the consensus of education experts, including representatives from the telehealth interest groups from EM's two primary specialty societies: the American College of Emergency Physicians and the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine. The curriculum describes overarching goals and components that may serve as a foundation for individual institutions seeking to train …

Crosstalk Between Cytokines And Igg N-Glycosylation: Bidirectional Effects And Relevance To Clinical Innovation For Inflammatory Diseases, Zhixian Chen, Xiaojia Xu, Manshu Song, Ling Lin

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The crosstalk between cytokines and immunoglobulin G (IgG) N-glycosylation forms a bidirectional regulatory network that significantly impacts inflammation and immune function. This review examines how various cytokines, both pro- and anti-inflammatory, modulate IgG N-glycosylation, shaping antibody activity and influencing inflammatory responses. In addition, we explore how altered IgG N-glycosylation patterns affect cytokine production and immune signaling, either promoting or reducing inflammation. Through a comprehensive analysis of current studies, this review underscores the dynamic relationship between cytokines and IgG N-glycosylation. These insights enhance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying inflammatory diseases and contribute to improved strategies for disease prevention, diagnosis, monitoring, …

Oscillometry Changes Reflect Clinically Meaningful Improvement After Bronchial Thermoplasty For Uncontrolled Asthma: A Case Report, Niranjan Setty, Alice Crawford, Brooke Kyle, Dhaval Thakkar, Rajesh Thomas, John Blakey

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Asthma is a highly prevalent but heterogenous condition. Uncontrolled disease is relatively common and may be due to ongoing inflammation and/or persisting bronchial hyper-reactivity. Bronchial thermoplasty has been in use for many years but optimal case selection and post-procedure assessment remain uncertain. We present a case of a gentleman in his 50s with lifelong asthma who experienced a persistent loss of control following influenza A in 2017. Despite multidisciplinary assessment and guideline-based escalation of therapy, he had persisting symptoms. In the context of his atopy, he was trialled unsuccessfully on dupilumab. Bronchial thermoplasty (BT) was undertaken with good clinical benefit. …