Eye Diseases Commons^™

Modifiable And Non-Modifiable Factors Related To The Macular Pigment Optical Density (Mpod) In A Population Of College-Aged Adults, Genesis Gisselle Guerra Gaitan

LSU Master's Theses

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading causes of blindness among the elderly worldwide. Retinal problems, specifically in the macula, hold potential for development of AMD. Macular pigment optical density (MPOD) gives a measure of the thickness of the macula and therefore health of the macula. Some of the populations at risk for development of AMD include being white, female, and having light eye color. Factors related to the development of the disease have been divided into modifiable and non-modifiable; non-modifiable include a genetic predisposition. Control of modifiable factors, including body mass index (BMI) and diet [dietary intake …

Age-Related Neurodegenerative Disease Associated Pathways Identified In Retinal And Vitreous Proteome From Human Glaucoma Eyes, M. Mirzaei, Veer Bala Gupta, J. M. Chick, T. M. Greco, Y. Wu, N. Chitranshi, R. V. Wall, Eugene Hone, L. Deng, Y. Dheer, M. Abbasi, M. Rezaeian, N. Braidy, Y. You, G. H. Salekdeh, P. A. Haynes, M. P. Molloy, Ralph Martins, I. M. Cristea, S. P. Gygi, S. L. Graham, V. K. Gupta

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Glaucoma is a chronic disease that shares many similarities with other neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system. This study was designed to evaluate the association between glaucoma and other neurodegenerative disorders by investigating glaucoma-associated protein changes in the retina and vitreous humour. The multiplexed Tandem Mass Tag based proteomics (TMT-MS3) was carried out on retinal tissue and vitreous humour fluid collected from glaucoma patients and age-matched controls followed by functional pathway and protein network interaction analysis. About 5000 proteins were quantified from retinal tissue and vitreous fluid of glaucoma and control eyes. Of the differentially regulated proteins, 122 were …

Corneal Edema And Keratitis Following Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty, E T. Liu, L S. Seery, A Arosemena, Tania Lamba, C J. Chaya

Ophthalmology Faculty Publications

Purpose

To describe three cases of keratitis following Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty(SLT).

Observations

Three females with a history of glaucoma presented with corneal edema, keratitis (endothelial, epithelial) and decreased visual acuity shortly after SLT. There was variable resolution of symptoms after starting treatment with oral antiherpetics and topical steroids.

Conclusions and importance

With the increase in usage of SLT as a treatment for glaucoma and subsequent reports of keratitis, it is imperative for ophthalmic surgeons to be aware of herpes simplex as a possible risk factor. Prompt treatment with antivirals and steroids can potentially prevent scarring and permanent …

Interaction Of The Tear Film With The Ocular Surface, Richard J. Braun, Amy Janett, Nicholas Gewecke, Spencer Walker

Biology and Medicine Through Mathematics Conference

No abstract provided.

Latanoprost And Timolol In Hydrogel Soft Drug-Dispensing Contact Lenses: A Comparative Analysis, Neha Potdar

Virginias Collegiate Honors Council Conference

Glaucoma patients only can instill glaucoma eye drops. This results in 1-7% absorption of the medication. Surveys show that patients forget to take their medication and have difficulty inserting their eye drops. Researchers at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary have developed latanoprost drug-dispensing hydrogel soft contact lenses that dispense the drug to help facilitate the process. However, some glaucoma patients do not respond to latanoprost because they have uveitic glaucoma or do not want to experience latanoprost’s ocular side effects. Patients need an alternative which can be inserted into these contact lenses. Another commonly used glaucoma drug is timolol …

Antibiotic Prophylaxis In Orbital Fractures., Benjamin Reiss, Lamise Rajjoub, Tamer Mansour, Tony Chen, Aisha Mumtaz

Ophthalmology Faculty Publications

Purpose:

To determine whether prophylactic antibiotic use in patients with orbital fracture prevent orbital infection.

Design:

Retrospective cohort study.

Participants:

All patients diagnosed with orbital fracture between January 1, 2008 and March 1, 2014 at The George Washington University Hospital and Clinics.

Main Outcome Measures:

Development of orbital infection.

Results:

One hundred seventy-two patients with orbital fracture met our inclusion and exclusion criteria. No orbital infections were documented. Twenty subjects (12%) received no prophylactic antibiotic, and two (1%) received only one dose of antibiotics pre-operatively for surgery. For primary antibiotic, 136 subjects (79%) received oral antibiotics, and 14 (8%) received …

Why Is There An Association Between Retinal Vein Occlusion, Vision Loss, Myocardial Infarction, Stroke And Mortality: Potential Roles Of Hypomagnesaemia, Release Of Sphingolipids, And Platelet-Activating Factor, Burton M. Altura, Asefa Gebrewold, Nilank C. Shah, Aimin Zhang, Wenyan Li, Lawrence M. Resnick, Bella T. Altura

Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine (Middletown) Publications and Research

Although numerous hypotheses (and potential risk factors), have been offered to explain the origins and potential mechanism(s) for central retinal vein occlusion (RVO) in patients of diverse ages, there is no agreement. Recently, considerable epidemiological evidence has been brought forth which indicates a strong association between RVO, myocardial infarctions, heart failure, and stroke. Magnesium (Mg) deficiency (mgD) has long-been associated with glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy. Over the past three decades, our laboratories have found strong associations of mgD linked to morbidity/ mortality in cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infarctions, cardiac failure, atherogenesis, and strokes, both experimentally and clinically. More recently, …

Are Contact Lenses An Effective Vehicle For Ocular-Disease Drug Delivery?, Chana Haimowitz

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Due to numerous drawbacks with current modes of treatment for various ocular diseases, researchers are synthesizing drug dispensing contact lenses. The lenses will contribute to greater bioavailability of the drug, the minimization of negative side effects, and increased patient compliance. As treatment for glaucoma, in vivo studies have been conducted with latanoprost, timolol maleate, and brimonidine tartrate-eluting lenses, and have succeeded in reducing intraocular pressure to desired values (Ciolino et al., 2016), (Schultz and Mint, 2002). As treatment for fungal keratitis, in vitro studies prove that econazole and natamycin-eluting contact lenses have been successful in killing 100% of fungi for …

Macular Pigment Is Associated With Glare-Affected Visual Function And Central Visual Field Loss In Glaucoma, James Loughman, We Fong Siah, Colm O’Brien

Articles

Aim

To evaluate the relationship between macular pigment optical density (MPOD) and glare disability in open-angle glaucoma.

Methods A cross-sectional analysis of baseline data (88 subjects; median age, 67 (range 36–84) years) collected during the Macular Pigment and Glaucoma Trial (ISRCTN registry number: 56985060). MPOD at 0.25°, 0.5° and 1° of retinal eccentricity was measured using customised heterochromatic flicker photometry. Mesopic contrast sensitivity with glare (mCSg), photostress recovery time (PRT) and self-reported glare symptoms were evaluated. Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography was used to analyse ganglion cell complex (GCC) and identify foveal involvement.

Results Low spatial frequency (f) mCSg was significantly …

Human Tear Fluid Reduces Culturability Of Contact Lens-Associated Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Biofilms But Induces Expression Of The Virulence-Associated Type Iii Secretion System, Yvonne T. Wu, Connie Tam, Lucia S. Zhu, David J. Evans, Suzanne M. J. Fleiszig

Faculty Publications & Research of the TUC College of Pharmacy

Purpose

The type III secretion system (T3SS) is a significant virulence determinant for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Using a rodent model, we found that contact lens(CL)-related corneal infections were associated with lens surface biofilms. Here, we studied the impact of human tear fluid on CL-associated biofilm growth and T3SS expression.

Methods

P. aeruginosa biofilms were formed on contact lenses for up to 7 days with or without human tear fluid, then exposed to tear fluid for 5 or 24 h. Biofilms were imaged using confocal microscopy. Bacterial culturability was quantified by viable counts, and T3SS gene expression measured …

Selective Fusion Of Structural And Functional Data For Improved Glaucoma Detection, Paul Y. Kim, Khan M. Iftekharuddin, Pinakin G. Davey, Gabor Holló, Martha Tóth, Anita Garas, Edward A. Essock

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

This work proposes novel selective feature fusion of structural and functional data for improved glaucoma detection. The structural data such as retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measurement acquired by scanning laser polarimetry (SLP) is fused with the functional visual field (VF) measurement recorded from the standard automated perimetry (SAP) test. The proposed selective feature fusion exploits correspondence between structural and functional data obtained over multiple sectors. The correlation coefficients for corresponding structural-function sector pairs are used as weights in subsequent feature selection. The sectors are ranked according to the correlation coefficients and the first four highly ranked sectors are …

Amaurosis Fugax Due To Pleomorphic Sarcoma, Sheila Pabon, Katherine Williams, Marena Patronas

Ophthalmology Faculty Publications

Purpose

This report describes a case of amaurosis fugax due to a rare primary cardiac sarcoma.

Observations

A patient who was recently diagnosed with left atrial pleomorphic sarcoma presented with a chief complaint of multiple episodes of intermittent vision loss in the right eye during the course of radiation therapy.

Conclusions and importance

The authors postulate emboli from the left atrial sarcoma entered systemic circulation and subsequently caused brief episodes of transient occlusion to retinal, ophthalmic and/or ciliary arteries leading to momentary retinal hypoxia. We believe this is a novel finding, previously unreported in the literature, of transient embolic occlusion …

Iris Abscess A Rare Presentation Of Intravenous Drug Abuse Associated, Jonathan Pierce, Nisha Warrier, Christina Antonopoulos, Nicole Siegel, Deeba Husain

Ophthalmology Faculty Publications

Purpose: To describe an unusual case of intravenous drug abuse associated endogenous endophthalmitis presenting with an iris abscess.

Observations: A 30-year old female with history of intravenous drug use presented with a two-week history of redness and blurry vision in the right eye. An initial diagnosis of anterior uveitis was made. However, she worsened on topical steroids and mydriatics. She was found to have a hypopyon and an iris abscess. She received broad spectrum antibiotic and antifungal treatment with voriconazole, this lead to significant clinical improvement. She was discharged on oral fluconazole and lost to follow up. The patient was …

Cataract Surgery In Children From Birth To Less Than 13 Years Of Age: Baseline Characteristics Of The Cohort., Michael X. Repka, Trevano W. Dean, Elizabeth L. Lazar, Kimberly G. Yen, Phoebe D. Lenhart, Sharon F. Freedman, Denise Hug, Bahram Rahmani, Serena X. Wang, Raymond T. Kraker, David K. Wallace, Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

OBJECTIVE: To describe baseline characteristics, initial postoperative refractive errors, operative complications, and magnitude of the intraocular lens (IOL) prediction error for refractive outcome in children undergoing lensectomy largely in North America.

DESIGN: Prospective registry study of children from birth to enrollment.

PARTICIPANTS: Total of 1266 eyes of 994 children; 49% female and 59% white.

METHODS: Measurement of refractive error, axial length, and complete ophthalmic examination.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Eye and systemic associated conditions, IOL style, refractive error, pseudophakic refraction prediction error, operative and perioperative complications.

RESULTS: Mean age at first eligible lens surgery was 4.2 years; 337 (34%) were(59%). Additional …

Stem Cell Therapy And Macular Degeneration, Brenda Stern

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Macular degeneration is the leading cause of vision loss in Americans sixty years and older. Currently, it is an incurable disease. Stem cell therapy is the idea of transplanting stem cells to replace damaged cells in the body. As the demand for transplantable organs far outweighs the supply, stem cells are an encouraging alternative to replace damaged cells. Can stem cell therapy be the first cure for macular degeneration? Many experiments have been done on transplanting stem cells into the eyes of rats with macular degeneration yielding promising results. The first transplantation of retinal pigmented epithelial stem cells into humans …

The Role Of Sox4 In Regulating Choroid Fissure Closure And Retinal Neurogenesis, Wen Wen

Theses and Dissertations--Biology

The development of the vertebrate eye is tightly controlled by precise genetic regulations. From a single ocular primordium to bilateral eyes with complex structures and cell types, it requires intensive proliferation and migration for cells in both the ectoderm and mesoderm to accomplish ocular morphogenesis, and during this process cell differentiation and interaction takes place to establish the complex composition of ocular cell types and cellular connections. Genetic defects can lead to severe abnormalities in eye morphogenesis and cell differentiation during ocular development. A tremendous amount of work has been done to identify both intrinsic and extrinsic factors that regulate …

Assessing The Expression Of Astrocytic Markers In Retinal Ganglion Cell Projection Of Lcr/Hcr Rats, Isabella K. Bartholomew, Samuel Crish, James Holda, Jordan Renna, Gina Wilson

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

Metabolic Syndrome is a human condition that presents with various metabolic issues such as abnormal distribution of body fat, high blood pressure, and a prothrombotic state, among other problems (Alberti,et al, 2005). This syndrome is a risk factor for visual disorders, such as glaucoma, and is often associated with increased levels of neuroinflammation. Currently, the animal model used to replicate this syndrome is The Low Capacity Runner and High Capacity Runner Rat Model. These rats have been bred based on their running capacities for 30+ generations to have drastic metabolic differences. We assessed key areas of the retinal ganglion cell …

Frequency Of Retinopathy Of Prematurity In A Tertiary Care Hospital, Shiyam Sunder Tikmani, Tufail Soomro, Prashant Tikmani

Community Health Sciences

Introduction: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is one of a preventable cause of blindness in neonates. Screening of preterm infants for ROP in Pakistan is currently under-recognized. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in premature and very low birth weight neonates (birth weight ≤ 1500 g and gestational age ≤ 32 weeks) in a tertiary care hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Civil Hospital Sukkur from 1st June 2014 to 17th June 2015. Preterm neonates with birth weight ≤ …

Efficient In Vitro Development Of Photoreceptors From Human Pluripotent Stem Cells, Joseph C. Reynolds

Dissertations, Masters Theses, Capstones, and Culminating Projects

Degeneration of the rod and cone photoreceptors in the human retina is among the most common causes of blindness. Replacing these damaged photoreceptors may help to restore vision. Repairing the damaged retina relies on the insertion of new, healthy cells. Embryonic stem (ES) cells and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are two possible sources of photoreceptors to restore vision. Previous data shows that human ES cells and iPS cells can be differentiated into photoreceptors and transplanted into the eye to restore some vision. However, this process is inefficient, and costly. Here, we show a new method for inducing photoreceptor production …

The Rehabilitative Potential Of Auditory To Visual Sensory Substitution Devices For The Blind, Naomi Perl

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Living with a sensory impairment is challenging, and those who have lost the use of one sensory modality need to find ways to deal with numerous problems encountered in daily life. When vision is lost, these challenges include navigation through space, finding objects, recognizing people or surroundings, reading or even communicating without access to nonverbal signs provided by others such as eye gaze or facial expressions. Nevertheless, the blind manage to function efficiently in their environment, often to a surprisingly high degree. The key to this amazing phenomenon lies in the plasticity of the brain and the connections it makes …