Endocrine System Diseases Commons^™

Type 2 Diabetes Education And Knowledge In The Adult Hmong Community, Sheng Yang

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

Type 2 Diabetes is a chronic health condition that affects many individuals, but specifically has been found to significantly affect minority population groups. There has been very limited research regarding understanding the etiology of the disease in the Hmong community that migrated to the United States from Southeast Asia. The purpose of this project was to design and implement an evidence-based, culturally appropriate educational intervention in the Hmong language to increase knowledge of Type 2 Diabetes among the adult Hmong community in Burke County and Catawba County, NC areas. The intervention was delivered to a total of 30 participants who …

Enhancing Health Literacy Using Video Education And The Teach-Back Method For Hypertension And Diabetes Mellitus Type 2, Shelly-Ann M. Malcolm-Padilla

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

Diabetes type 2 and hypertension are chronic illnesses that have both physical and psychological impacts on an individual. Primary care providers play an important role in the management of chronic illness, specifically type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Changing behavior with a commitment to compliance with the treatment plan and living a healthy lifestyle can decrease disease complications for both diabetes and hypertension. With the use of educational videos and the teach-back method to confirm understanding of disease management, the goal of this quality improvement project was to contribute to positive health and lifestyle change for patients, their caregivers, clinical staff, …

Healthcare Utilization Unchanged In The Control Arm Of A Randomized Clinical Trial, Pratik Gongloor, Saad Nadeem, Xiaoying Yu, Mukaila Raji, Kristina D Mena, Elizabeth M Vaughan

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

including among control groups. Increased access to care and heightened health awareness during trial enrollment could lead to altered behaviors, a phenomenon known as the Hawthorne effect, which may obscure true intervention impacts; however, this effect remains poorly studied in low-income environments.

Aim: To conduct a secondary exploratory analysis of healthcare utilization among control participants of a randomized clinical trial (RCT).

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed electronic medical records from the control arm (n = 26) of an RCT involving low-income Hispanic adults with type 2 diabetes receiving care at a community clinic. Before randomization to a 12-month diabetes education intervention …

From Trials To Practice: Implementing A Clinical Intervention In Community Settings, Elizabeth M Vaughan, Xiaoying Yu, Victor J Cardenas, Craig A Johnston, Salim S Virani, Ashok Balasubramanyam, Christie M Ballantyne, Aanand D Naik

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Introduction/objectives: Diabetes increases the risk of complications, especially for vulnerable populations. Our previous randomized clinical trial (RCT), TIME (Telehealth-supported, Integrated Community Health Workers (CHWs), Medication access, group visit Education), showed the efficacy of CHW-led diabetes care. This study aimed to gather data on transitioning TIME from clinical trials to practical implementation.

Methods: We conducted a 12-month RCT at a nonprofit community clinic using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Participants, Hispanic adults without insurance and with type 2 diabetes (N = 58; 29/arm), were randomized to TIME (intervention) or usual care (control). The intervention included monthly group visits and …

The Role Of The Triglyceride-Glucose Index As A Biomarker Of Cardio-Metabolic Syndromes, Verena Gounden, Sridevi Devaraj, Ishwarlal Jialal

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: The Triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index represents a simple, cost-effective, and valid proxy for insulin resistance. This surrogate marker has also been proposed as a predictor of metabolic and cardiovascular disease (CVD). In this descriptive review, we aimed to assess the utility of the TyG index as a predictive biomarker of cardiometabolic diseases.

METHODS: A search was conducted in PubMed, and Web of Science to identify cross-sectional and more importantly prospective studies examining the use of the TyG index as a predictive biomarker. The following terms were utilized in addition to the TyG index: "insulin resistance", "metabolic syndrome", "diabetes"; "cardiovascular diseases". …

Hyperglycemia Causes Differential Change In Macrophage Population In The Lacrimal Gland, Conjunctiva And Cornea, Saleh Alfuraih, Amy Tran, Lois Kim, Rais Ansari, Ajay Sharma

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Background: Due to its location, the ocular surface is exposed to environmental microbes. Innate immune cells including macrophages are first line defense against infections. In vitro exposure to high glucose as well as diabetes-associated hyperglycemia has been shown to affect innate immune cell function and population. The present study was designed to examine the effect of diabetes-associated hyperglycemia on the lacrimal gland, conjunctiva and cornea macrophage population, phenotypic changes and cytokines/chemokines.

Methods: Mouse model of Streptozotocin-induced diabetes was used to induce hyperglycemia. Immunostaining for CD11b and F4/80 was performed to stain macrophages in whole mount cornea, conjunctiva and 50 µm …

Personalized And Culturally Tailored Features Of Mobile Apps For Gestational Diabetes Mellitus And Their Impact On Patient Self-Management: Scoping Review, Catherine Jones, Yi Cui, Ruth Jeminiwa, Elina Bajracharya, Katie Chang, Tony Ma

College of Pharmacy Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is an increasingly common high-risk pregnancy condition requiring intensive daily self-management, placing the burden of care directly on the patient. Understanding personal and cultural differences among patients is critical for delivering optimal support for GDM self-management, particularly in high-risk populations. Although mobile apps for GDM self-management are being used, limited research has been done on the personalized and culturally tailored features of these apps and their impact on patient self-management.

OBJECTIVE: This scoping review aims to explore the extent to which published studies report the integration and effectiveness of personalized and culturally tailored features in …

Impact Of Diabetes Mellitus On Oral Health And Oral Health-Related Quality Of Life In Older Adults In A Malaysian Healthcare Facility, Nur Aisyah Muntadar, Nur Camelia Azlyn Kamarol Adlee, Eleena Mohd Yusof

Journal of Dentistry Indonesia

Objective: To investigate the association between oral health status and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in older adults with diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods: A cross-sectional study involving participants aged 60 and above from a Malaysian healthcare facility utilized structured interviews using the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) questionnaire. Intraoral assessments, including BPE, DMFT index, evaluation of edentulism and assessment of restoration/denture type/quality, were conducted. Statistical analysis included independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, nonparametric, and correlation coefficient tests. Results: Among 69 participants (36 with DM, 33 without), with a mean age of 65.97 years, no significant …

Random Blood Glucose As An Alternative To Glycated Hemoglobin For Assessing Glycemic Control In Diabetes Mellitus Patients. Cross-Sectional Study In Babylon Province, Iraq, Hajir Karim Abdul-Husseein, Abeer Tariq Watife, Mustafa Karim Abdul-Husseein, Hayder Abdul-Amir Makki Al-Hindy, Karam Akram Al- Akkam

Maaen Journal for Medical Sciences

Background: Diabetes affected 171 million people worldwide one and a half decades ago, and 366 million people are expected by 2030. The relationship between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and diabetes complications was established, emphasizing the importance of good glycemic management. However, due to its high cost, the HbA1c test is considered to be not affordable or not available. The high incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its more risky comorbidities in most populations necessitate the requirement for regarding an alternative test.

Objective: The aim of the current study was to assess if there is a relationship between HbA1c and …

Enrollment Of Females In Randomized Trials For Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists: A Systematic Review, Frederick Berro Rivera, Mc John Caro Ybañez, John Vincent Magalong, Mario Prado, Eloise Arias Aguirre, Ana Patricia Ting Cañares, Janos Marc Rubia, Allyn Ralph Hiyas, Polyn Luz S. Pine, Kyla Lara-Breitinger, Francisco Lopez-Jimenez, Martha Gulati

Ateneo School of Medicine and Public Health Publications

Background

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) form the basis for therapeutic recommendations for both males and females. Historically, females have been significantly underrepresented in RCTs.

Objectives

The authors sought to determine the trends of representation of females in GLP-1RA RCTs from 2007 to 2024.

Methods

We reviewed eligible studies and extracted important variables. The proportion of females among the total participants was obtained per study. This was compared over time (year) of publication and over mean age of participants. This proportion was also compared between specific types of GLP-1RA received, diabetes status, indication of …

Targeting The Glutamine-Arginine-Proline Metabolism Axis In Cancer, Di Wang, Jiang-Jie Duan, Yu-Feng Guo, Jun-Jie Chen, Tian-Qing Chen, Jun Wang, Shi-Cang Yu

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Metabolic abnormalities are an important feature of tumours. The glutamine-arginine-proline axis is an important node of cancer metabolism and plays a major role in amino acid metabolism. This axis also acts as a scaffold for the synthesis of other nonessential amino acids and essential metabolites. In this paper, we briefly review (1) the glutamine addiction exhibited by tumour cells with accelerated glutamine transport and metabolism; (2) the methods regulating extracellular glutamine entry, intracellular glutamine synthesis and the fate of intracellular glutamine; (3) the glutamine, proline and arginine metabolic pathways and their interaction; and (4) the research progress in tumour therapy …

Assessing The Impact Of An Individual Diabetic Education Program And Big Data App On Three Generations Of Patient Populations, Avery C. Carpenter, Rechendia C. Carpenter, Ester M. Felipe

Doctoral Projects

Diabetes is a chronic condition that affects numerous people worldwide. Diabetic education assists people with understanding the nature of diabetes, its side effects and how to successfully deal with the condition. The doctoral project incorporates finding out how glucose monitoring, prescription administration, dieting propensities, and the significance of customary activities. With proper education the impact on one’s health with this chronic condition can improve for the better.

The nature of this doctoral project is to assess the impact that a diabetic education program and big data app have on three generations. Members of the group partnered with Hutton Healthcare in …

Economic Disadvantage During Childhood, Obesity, And Diabetes Across Three Birth Cohorts Of Older Mexicans, Jesús-Daniel Zazueta-Borboa, Rafael Samper-Ternent, Rebeca Wong, Neil Mehta

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVES: Diabetes prevalence has increased markedly in Mexico. We examined the individual and joint contributions of economic disadvantage during childhood (EDDC) and elevated body weight on diabetes prevalence in 3 cohorts of Mexican adults.

METHODS: Data on those 60-69 years old from the 1930-1939, 1940-1949, and 1950-1959 birth cohorts in Waves 1 (2001), 3 (2012), and 5 (2018) of the Mexican Health and Aging Study were used. EDDC was defined as the absence of a toilet in the household before age 10. Body mass status was defined using self-reported perceived body image at age 50. Diabetes was based on respondent …

Maturity-Onset Diabetes Of The Young: A Proposal For Updated Nomenclature, Mustafa Tosur

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Given the contemporary understanding of diabetes genetics, the term "maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY)" warrants renaming. I propose adopting the term "monogenic diabetes" in conjunction with the specific gene name.

The Complex Relationship Between Tuberculosis And Hyperglycemia, Michelle Byers, Elizabeth Guy

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Hyperglycemia and tuberculosis are dual global pandemics. Each has a propulsive and amplifying effect on the other, and, because of this, we must consider hyperglycemia and tuberculosis together. Hyperglycemia is immunosuppressive and increases the risk of tuberculosis by threefold. It also leads to a more advanced presentation of pulmonary tuberculosis, thus increasing the likelihood of being smear positive and having cavitating lesions, and it impacts the duration and outcomes of treatment, with an increased one year mortality seen in patients with tuberculosis and diabetes. Additionally, any degree of hyperglycemia can have an impact on susceptibility to tuberculosis, and this effect …

Predicting And Monitoring Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy Using Artificial Intelligence In Pancreatic Cancer, Guangbo Yu, Zigeng Zhang, Aydin Eresen, Qiaoming Hou, Farideh Amirrad, Sha Webster, Surya M. Nauli, Vahid Yaghmai, Zhuoli Zhang

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Pancreatic cancer remains one of the most lethal cancers, primarily due to its late diagnosis and limited treatment options. This review examines the challenges and potential of using immunotherapy to treat pancreatic cancer, highlighting the role of artificial intelligence (AI) as a promising tool to enhance early detection and monitor the effectiveness of these therapies. By synthesizing recent advancements and identifying gaps in the current research, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of how AI and immunotherapy can be integrated to develop more personalized and effective treatment strategies. The insights from this review may guide future research efforts …

Identification Of Atypical Pediatric Diabetes Mellitus Cases Using Electronic Medical Records, Marcela F Astudillo, William E Winter, Liana K Billings, Raymond Kreienkamp, Ashok Balasubramanyam, Maria J Redondo, Mustafa Tosur

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

INTRODUCTION: There are no established methods to identify children with atypical diabetes for further study. We aimed to develop strategies to systematically ascertain cases of atypical pediatric diabetes using electronic medical records (EMR).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We tested two strategies in a large pediatric hospital in the USA. Strategy 1: we designed a questionnaire to rule out typical diabetes and applied it to the EMR of 100 youth with diabetes. Strategy 2: we built three electronic queries to generate reports of three atypical pediatric diabetes phenotypes: unknown type, type 2 diabetes (T2D) diagnosed(AbNegT1D).

RESULTS: Strategy 1 identified six cases …

First Interim Results From Fine-Real: A Prospective, Non-Interventional, Phase 4 Study Providing Insights Into The Use And Safety Of Finerenone In A Routine Clinical Settingfirst Interim Results From Fine-Real: A Prospective, Non-Interventional, Phase 4 Study Providing Insights Into The Use And Safety Of Finerenone In A Routine Clinical Setting, Susanne B Nicholas, Ricardo Correa-Rotter, Nihar R Desai, Lixin Guo, Sankar D Navaneethan, Kevin M Pantalone, Christoph Wanner, Stefanie Hamacher, Samuel T Fatoba, Andrea Horvat-Broecker, Antonio Garreta-Rufas, Alain Gay, Martin Merz, David C Wheeler

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Background: Finerenone, a selective non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, improves kidney and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The FINE-REAL study (NCT05348733) aims to evaluate the characteristics and treatment patterns of participants treated with finerenone in clinical practice.

Methods: FINE-REAL is a prospective, single-arm, non-interventional study of patients initiated on finerenone as part of their routine care in accordance with country-approved labels. The study, initiated in June 2022, is expected to be completed by January 2028. The cutoff for this pre-specified interim analysis was June 13, 2023.

Results: Participants were …

Trends And Disparities In Coronary Artery Disease And Obesity-Related Mortality In The United States From 1999-2022, Mushood Ahmed, Hira Javaid, Aimen Shafiq, Zain Ali Nadeem, Areeba Ahsan, Abdullah Nofal, Raheel Ahmed, Mahboob Alam, Marat Fudim, Gregg C Fonarow, Mamas A Mamas

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Almost half of the US adult population has obesity, which predisposes to atherosclerosis and can lead to poor prognosis in coronary artery disease (CAD). We aim to identify CAD and obesity-related mortality trends among adults in the United States stratified by age, sex, race and geographical location.

METHODS: The CDC-WONDER database was used to extract death certificate data for adults aged ≥ 25 years. Crude mortality rates (CMR) and age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 100,000 persons were calculated, and temporal trends were described by calculating annual percent change (APC) and the average APC (AAPC) in the rates using Joinpoint …

Impact Of Diabetes Self-Management Education On Hemoglobin A1c Levels In The Rural Patient Population, Barbara Adomakomensah Sarpong

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The global prevalence of type 2 diabetes is one of the greatest health threats in society, especially in the rural population. Rural healthcare data analysis has proved a need for type 2 diabetes control education. Despite the existence of helpful diabetes control interventions, rural diabetes patients still struggle to maintain healthy behaviors, with about 60% of the patients recording hemoglobin A1c levels above 9. Many suffer severe conditions (e.g., stroke, kidney failure, and heart attacks) because of poor management of the condition. The project examined the impact of diabetes self-management education on hemoglobin A1c levels in the rural patient population. …