Endocrine System Diseases Commons^™

Prevention Of Obesity-Related Morbidity & Mortality In Adults, Rachelle Virgin

Masters Theses/Capstone Projects

Poster presentation on the prevention of obesity related morbidity and mortality in adults.

The Validity And Reliability Of Self-Reported Adherence To Using Offloading Treatment In People With Diabetes-Related Foot Ulcers, Anas Ababneh, Kathleen Finlayson, Helen Edwards, David G Armstrong, Bijan Najafi, Jaap J Van Netten, Peter A Lazzarini

Center on Aging Staff Publications

Adherence to using offloading treatment is crucial to healing diabetes-related foot ulcers (DFUs). Offloading adherence is recommended to be measured using objective monitors. However, self-reported adherence is commonly used and has unknown validity and reliability. This study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of self-reported adherence to using removable cast walker (RCW) offloading treatment among people with DFUs. Fifty-three participants with DFUs using RCWs were included. Each participant self-reported their percentage adherence to using their RCW of total daily steps. Participants also had adherence objectively measured using dual activity monitors. After one week, a subset of 19 participants again …

Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis Secondary To Sglt2 Inhibitors In Combination With A Low-Carbohydrate Diet, George Yeung, Nhi Duong, Akshaj Pole, Benjamin Larsen, Syed Ahmed

North Texas GME Research Forum 2023

Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis (EuDKA) is a rare complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) characterized by normoglycemia in the presence of anion gap metabolic acidosis and blood ketone. EuDKA has been associated with the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) but the reported adverse events are scarce. We present a case of a 68-year-old gentleman with T2DM and coronary artery disease, who developed EuDKA after starting empagliflozin (Jardiance) with a low-carbohydrate diet for a few days. SGLT2i block proximal tubule glucose reabsorption, resulting in a state of carbohydrate starvation and subsequent ketosis. The combination of SGLT2i with a low-carbohydrate diet …

A Case Of Unilateral Jerking Movements In A Patient With Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Mark Cheneler, Tapannita Padhi, Khizir Qureshi, Carlos Bahrami

North Texas GME Research Forum 2023

Hemichorea-hemiballismus (HCHB) syndrome is a syndrome characterized by choreic movements which are irregular, nonrepetitive, and random movements and ballismus which are spontaneous, violent movements. HCHB syndrome is a rare presentation which can be precipitated by uncontrolled diabetes and is thought to have multiple plausible mechanisms. One mechanism of HCHB with uncontrolled diabetes is ischemic injury in the basal ganglia causing impaired gross motor control. Presented here is a case of HCHB syndrome initially seen on imaging and later correlated with physical examination. This patient presented for nonspecific complaints of fatigue, generalized weakness, and lower extremity weakness. On evaluation by EMS …

Metformin Discontinuation In Acute Heart Failure, Curtis Wong, Erica Junqueira, Nayda Parisio-Poldiak, Nancy Crossley, Shantae Jenkins

South Atlantic Division GME Research Day 2023

No abstract provided.

Impact Of Culturally Tailored Shared Medical Appointments On Diabetes Self-Care Ability And Knowledge In African Americans, Adrienne L. Reddick, Deborah C. Gray

Ellmer School of Nursing Faculty Publications

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) continues to disproportionately affect African Americans, significantly impacting morbidity and mortality. Research suggests that addressing barriers that stem from socioeconomic circumstances, systemic inequalities, biological factors, and cultural factors may positively influence biometric indicators of health and diabetes control. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate a diabetes shared medical appointment (SMA) model program that has been culturally tailored to address the unique social determinants of health barriers faced by an inner city African American population in Norfolk, Virginia. Methods: A pilot study using a within-group pretest–posttest design was conducted. Information was collected …

Increased Breast And Colorectal Cancer Risk In Type 2 Diabetes: Awareness Among Adults With And Without Diabetes And Information Provision On Diabetes Websites, Laura Ashley, Kathryn A Robb, Daryl B O'Connor, Rebecca Platt, Mollie Price, Olivia Robinson, Elizabeth Travis, Lorraine Lipscombe, Ramzi Ajjan, Rebecca Birch

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: People with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have a higher risk of developing breast and bowel cancers but are less likely to participate in cancer screening.

PURPOSE: Two interlinked studies examined public awareness of the fact that T2DM increases breast and bowel cancer risk, and provision of this information on diabetes websites.

METHODS: Study-1: phase-1 surveyed awareness of T2DM-increased cancer risk in a nationally-representative British sample aged 50-74 (N = 1,458) and compared respondents with and without T2DM (n = 125 vs. n = 1,305); phase-2 surveyed an additional exclusively T2DM sample (N = 319). Study-2: High-ranking diabetes websites …

Patient And Provider Experience With Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology For Diabetic Retinopathy In A Rural Primary Care Setting, Brian M. Nolan, Emma R. Daybranch, Kerri Barton, Neil Korsen

Journal of Maine Medical Center

Introduction: The development of autonomous artificial intelligence for interpreting diabetic retinopathy (DR) images has allowed for point-of-care testing in the primary care setting. This study describes patient and provider experiences and perceptions of the artificial intelligence DR screening technology called EyeArt by EyeNuk during implementation of the tool at Western Maine Primary Care in Norway, Maine.

Methods: This non-randomized, single-center, prospective observational study surveyed 102 patients and 13 primary care providers on their experience of the new screening intervention.

Results: All surveyed providers agreed that the new screening tool would improve access and annual screening rates. Some providers also identified …

Learning In A Virtual Environment To Improve Type 2 Diabetes Outcomes: Randomized Controlled Trial, Constance M Johnson, Gail D'Eramo Melkus, Louise Reagan, Wei Pan, Sathya Amarasekara, Katherine Pereira, Nancy Hassell, Sarah Nowlin, Allison Vorderstrasse

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Given the importance of self-management in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a major aspect of health is providing diabetes self-management education and support. Known barriers include access, availability, and the lack of follow through on referral to education programs. Virtual education and support have increased in use over the last few years.

Objective: The purpose of the Diabetes Learning in a Virtual Environment (LIVE) study was to compare the effects of the LIVE intervention (educational 3D world) to a diabetes self-management education and support control website on diet and physical activity behaviors and behavioral and metabolic outcomes in adults …

Barriers To Screening For Diabetic Retinopathy: A Scoping Review, Amy Cooper Rn, Bsn, Lajerica Bates Rn, Bsn, Julie Bridges Rn, Bsn, Laura Reed Dnp, Fnp-Bc

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

Purpose/Background

More than 34 million people in the United States have diabetes. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major complication of diabetes and a leading cause of vision loss. Risk factors for diabetic retinopathy include Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes, hypertension, smoking, and being African American or Hispanic/Latino. This scoping review seeks to analyze the current research on ways to increase vision screenings, thus reducing cases of diabetic retinopathy in adults.

Methods

Between September 2020 and November 2021, a search was conducted using PubMed, EBSCOhost, Medline, and CINAHL to identify articles using keywords such as diabetic retinopathy and ophthalmology. This …

Circadian Clock Control Of Mrtf/Srf Pathway Suppresses Beige Adipocyte Thermogenic Recruitment, Xuekai Xiong, Weini Li, Ruya Liu, Pradip Saha, Vijay Yechoor, Ke Ma

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The morphological transformation of adipogenic progenitors into mature adipocytes requires dissolution of actin cytoskeleton with loss of myocardin-related transcription factor (MRTF)/serum response factor (SRF) activity. Circadian clock confers temporal control in adipogenic differentiation, while the actin cytoskeleton-MRTF/SRF signaling transduces extracellular physical niche cues. Here, we define a novel circadian transcriptional control involved in actin cytoskeleton-MRTF/SRF signaling cascade that modulates beige fat thermogenic function. Key components of actin dynamic-MRTF/SRF pathway display circadian regulation in beige fat depot. The core clock regulator, brain and muscle arnt-like 1 (Bmal1), exerts direct transcriptional control of genes within the actin dynamic-MRTF/SRF cascade that impacts actin …

Hepatocyte Srebp Signaling Mediates Clock Communication Within The Liver, Dongyin Guan, Hosung Bae, Dishu Zhou, Ying Chen, Chunjie Jiang, Cam Mong La, Yang Xiao, Kun Zhu, Wenxiang Hu, Trang Minh Trinh, Panpan Liu, Ying Xiong, Bishuang Cai, Cholsoon Jang, Mitchell A Lazar

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Rhythmic intraorgan communication coordinates environmental signals and the cell-intrinsic clock to maintain organ homeostasis. Hepatocyte-specific KO of core components of the molecular clock Rev-erbα and -β (Reverb-hDKO) alters cholesterol and lipid metabolism in hepatocytes as well as rhythmic gene expression in nonparenchymal cells (NPCs) of the liver. Here, we report that in fatty liver caused by diet-induced obesity (DIO), hepatocyte SREBP cleavage-activating protein (SCAP) was required for Reverb-hDKO-induced diurnal rhythmic remodeling and epigenomic reprogramming in liver macrophages (LMs). Integrative analyses of isolated hepatocytes and LMs revealed that SCAP-dependent lipidomic changes in REV-ERB-depleted hepatocytes led to the enhancement of LM metabolic …

Cancer Cell-Extrinsic Roles For The Androgen Receptor In Prostate Cancer, Andrew W Hahn, Bilal A Siddiqui, Javier Leo, Eleonora Dondossola, Kaitlin J Basham, Cindy K Miranti, Daniel E Frigo

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Given the central role of the androgen receptor (AR) in prostate cancer cell biology, AR-targeted therapies have been the backbone of prostate cancer treatment for over 50 years. New data indicate that AR is expressed in additional cell types within the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, targeting AR for the treatment of prostate cancer has established side effects such as bone complications and an increased risk of developing cardiometabolic disease, indicating broader roles for AR. With the advent of novel technologies, such as single-cell approaches and advances in preclinical modeling, AR has been identified to have clinically significant functions in other cell …

Covid-19 Related Biliary Injury: A Review Of Recent Literature, Sujani Yadlapati, Simone A. Jarrett, Daniel Baik, Adib Chaaya

COVID-19 Papers, Posters, and Presentations

Since its emergence in 2019, it has become apparent that coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) infection can result in multi systemic involvement. In addition to pulmonary symptoms, hepatobiliary involvement has been widely reported. Extent of hepatic involvement ranges from minor elevation in liver function tests (LFTs) to significant hepatocellular or cholestatic injury. In majority of cases, resolution of hepatic injury or improvement in LFTs is noted as patients recover from COVID-19 infection. However, severe biliary tract injury progressing to liver failure has been reported in patients requiring prolonged intensive care unit stay or mechanical ventilation. Due to the timing of its presentation, …

Prevention And Delayed Progression Of Diabetic Nephropathy, Russell Scott

SIU Journal of Medical Science Scholarly Works

ABSTRACT

Aim/Purpose: The purpose of this clinical research article is to determine if there are comparable alternatives to industry-standard or gold-standard renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockade for diabetic nephropathy (DN) prevention or delayed progression when RAS blocking agents are contraindicated or not tolerated.

Method: A PubMed literature search was conducted utilizing search terms including diabetic nephropathy unaccompanied and in combination with sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) receptor agonist, calcium channel blocker (CCB), mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) and RAS blockade or blocker. PubMed search filters included full-text articles and article submissions no greater than 5 years from approximately …

Improving Diabetes Management For School Health Workers Using A Live, Virtual Training Course, Bonnie Mccann-Crosby, Lisa Setchfield, Yvonne Barham, Dawn Espinosa, Jennifer Bailey, Beth Pali, Amanda Garey, Sarah Lyons, Rona Sonabend

Journal of Nursing & Interprofessional Leadership in Quality & Safety

Background: Type 1 diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases in childhood. Optimal school nurse and staff education is critical to creating a safe learning environment and influencing long term outcomes of students with type 1 diabetes. The purpose of this project was to develop a virtual continuing education diabetes management course for school health workers to improve their knowledge of diabetes management and evaluate the effectiveness of the learning platform.

Methods: A total of 199 participants completed the live, virtual continuing education course. Participants completed a pre and post-test to assess improvements in the key learning objectives …

Distribution Of Serum Uric Acid Concentration And Its Association With Lipid Profiles: A Single-Center Retrospective Study In Children Aged 3 To 12 Years With Adenoid And Tonsillar Hypertrophy, Jiating Yu, Xin Liu, Honglei Ji, Yawei Zhang, Hanqiang Zhan, Ziyin Zhang, Jianguo Wen, Zhimin Wang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Presently, there is no consensus regarding the optimal serum uric acid (SUA) concentration for pediatric patients. Adenoid and tonsillar hypertrophy is considered to be closely associated with pediatric metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk and is a common condition in children admitted to the hospital. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between SUA and dyslipidemia and propose a reference range for SUA concentration that is associated with a healthy lipid profile in hospitalized children with adenoid and tonsillar hypertrophy.

METHODS: Preoperative data from 4922 children admitted for elective adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy surgery due to adenoid and tonsillar hypertrophy were …

The Effects Of Racism And Resilience On Black Stroke- Survivor Quality Of Life: Study Protocol And Rationale For A Mixed-Methods Approach, Xiude Fan, Junming Han, Enfa Zhao, Jiansong Fang, Dawei Wang, Yiping Cheng, Yingzhou Shi, Zhen Wang, Zhenyu Yao, Peng Lu, Tianbao Liu, Qihang Li, Kyle L Poulsen, Zhongshang Yuan, Yongfeng Song, Jiajun Zhao

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections of vaccinated individuals are being reported globally, resulting in an increased risk of hospitalization and death among such patients. Therefore, it is crucial to identify the modifiable risk factors that may affect the protective efficacy of vaccine use against the development of severe COVID-19 and thus to initiate early medical interventions. Here, in population-based studies using the UK Biobank database and the 2021 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), we analyzed 20,362 participants aged 50 years or older and 2,588 aged 18 years or older from both databases who tested positive for SARS-COV-2, of whom 33.1% and 67.7% …

Health Consequences Of Low Energy Availability In Females And Their Underlying Physiological Mechanisms, Grace Parry

Senior Honors Theses

Low energy availability (LEA) is a state in which energy intake is insufficient to support energy expenditure while maintaining energy balance, which has been shown to result in gastrointestinal distress, immunosuppression, reduced metabolic rate, menstrual dysfunction, diminished bone health, and impaired cardiovascular function in females. Alterations to the microbiome and mucosal lining may propagate gastrointestinal complaints and compromised immune function associated with LEA. The pathophysiology of LEA is otherwise largely driven by hormonal adaptations. Diminished production of thyroid hormones is known to contribute to reduced metabolic rate. Decreases in leptin and insulin and increases in ghrelin disrupt reproductive function through …

Multimorbidity In Diverse Populations: Stratified Analysis Of Race/Ethnicity, Age, Obesity, And Healthcare Costs, Manal Alshakhs

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

This research aims to fill an essential gap in understanding how Body Mass Index (BMI) cutoffs relate to multimorbidity across races in the United States (US). Given the significant and growing rates of obesity and multimorbidity, as well as the known differences in healthy fat distribution among different races, this is an important area of research. BMI is a widely used but imperfect measure of obesity, as it does not account for differences in body composition. However, it is still used as a diagnostic tool. It is vital to ensure that the cutoffs used to define obesity are appropriate for …