The Current Neuroscientific Understanding Of Alzheimer's Disease,
2020
University of Tennessee, Knoxville
The Current Neuroscientific Understanding Of Alzheimer's Disease, Rachel A. Brandes
Pursuit - The Journal of Undergraduate Research at The University of Tennessee
Alzheimer’s disease is a degenerative neurological illness characterized by the deterioration of brain regions implicated in memory and cognitive function. While researchers have yet to find a cure or effective treatment, they have gained a better understanding of its pathology and development. Through years of neuroscience research, scientists have discovered much of what happens in the brain during Alzheimer’s disease onset and how this causes its symptoms; many hypotheses regarding this aspect of the illness involve temporal lobe atrophy, neurofibrillary tangles, and amyloid plaques. Although Alzheimer’s disease affects millions of people every day, it seems that most are unaware of …
Functional Analysis Of A Critical Glycine (Glycine 12) In Beta-Type Connexins Of Human Skin,
2020
SUNY Buffalo State University
Functional Analysis Of A Critical Glycine (Glycine 12) In Beta-Type Connexins Of Human Skin, Rasheed Bailey
Biology Theses
At least five beta-type connexins are expressed in various layers of the skin (Cx26, Cx30, Cx30.3, Cx31, and Cx32) and all include a glycine residue at position 12. Glycine12 (G12) is located about halfway through the cytoplasmic amino terminus and has been the focus of several studies related to connexin diseases and gap junction channel structure. The importance of this residue is evident in the severity and diversity of diseases associated with amino acid substitutions at G12 including hereditary forms of skin disease, deafness and neuropathy. This study uses bioinformatic analysis in combination with mutational analysis and electrophysiology to better …
Malaria Risk On Ancient Roman Roads: A Study And Application To Assessing Travel Decisions In Asia Minor By The Apostle Paul,
2020
The University of Southern Mississippi
Malaria Risk On Ancient Roman Roads: A Study And Application To Assessing Travel Decisions In Asia Minor By The Apostle Paul, Daniel C. Browning Jr
Master's Theses
This study models malaria risks for travelers on ancient Roman roads with the goal of providing a tool for historical assessment of travel accounts from antiquity. The project includes: identification of malaria risk factors and associated spatial datasets, malaria risk model construction, verification and validation against available pre-eradication data, overlay of ancient Roman road data, and an initial case-study application to the journeys of the Apostle Paul, as narrated in the New Testament book, Acts of the Apostles (Acts). The project is intentionally cross-disciplinary in bringing the technical capabilities of GIS to the task of evaluating nuanced textual sources for …
A Model For The Spread Of Infectious Diseases In A Region,
2020
Technological University Dublin
A Model For The Spread Of Infectious Diseases In A Region, Elizabeth Hunter, Brian Mac Namee, John D. Kelleher
Articles
In understanding the dynamics of the spread of an infectious disease, it is important to understand how a town’s place in a network of towns within a region will impact how the disease spreads to that town and from that town. In this article, we take a model for the spread of an infectious disease in a single town and scale it up to simulate a region containing multiple towns. The model is validated by looking at how adding additional towns and commuters influences the outbreak in a single town. We then look at how the centrality of a town …
469— Life Or Death: Decision Making In Sexual Disease Treatment Matters,
2020
SUNY Geneseo
469— Life Or Death: Decision Making In Sexual Disease Treatment Matters, Jason Ipolito
GREAT Day Posters
Syphilis is an STI that has recently made a resurgence in homosexual populations. When infected, a patient has two options: seek treatment immediately or do not seek treatment. I used a system of differential equations that includes susceptible, exposed, treatment receptive, treatment non-receptive, cured, and dead state variables in order to determine the relationships among transmission rate, treatment options, and death rate. My model suggests that an individual’s treatment option has a larger effect on death rate than the transmission rate inherent to the disease. The model also contains two sets of equilibria: an unstable trivial disease free condition and …
484— Modeling Social Distancing Methods And Their Effectiveness In Combating The Spread Of Ebola,
2020
SUNY Geneseo
484— Modeling Social Distancing Methods And Their Effectiveness In Combating The Spread Of Ebola, Rachel Fair
GREAT Day Posters
Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) is a rare but severe disease that is transmitted among humans through direct-contact with, and close proximity to, infected bodily fluids. From 2014-16, West Africa experienced the largest Ebola outbreak ever recorded, infecting over 28,000 people, and killing over 11,000. Although the symptoms of EVD are treatable, the disease can be extremely deadly, with an average of 50% EVD cases resulting in fatality. In areas where healthcare is scarce and vaccinations are not readily available, the practices of social distancing and self-quarantining have been shown to be highly effective in combating the spread of EVD. To …
A Study Of Cholera Transmission,
2020
CUNY New York City College of Technology
A Study Of Cholera Transmission, Urmi Ghosh-Dastidar
Open Educational Resources
A recent cholera outbreak in Haiti brought public attention to this disease. Cholera, a diarrheal disease, is caused by an intestinal bacterium, and if not addressed in a timely manner may become fatal. During the project described here, the students will learn how to solve and address a practical problem such as cholera transmission using various mathematical tools. Students will learn to develop a differential equation model based on practical scenarios, analyze the model using mathematics as well as numerical simulation, and finally describe the results in words that are understandable by the people who are not specialists in this …
H-Discrete Fractional Model Of Tumor Growth And Anticancer Effects Of Mono And Combination Therapies,
2020
Western Kentucky University
H-Discrete Fractional Model Of Tumor Growth And Anticancer Effects Of Mono And Combination Therapies, Kamala Dadashova
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
In this thesis, we focus on h–discrete and h–discrete fractional representation of a pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics (PK-PD) model which describes tumor growth considering time on hNa, where h>0. First, we introduce some definitions, lemmas and theorems on both h–discrete and h–discrete fractional calculus in the preliminary section. In Chapter 3, we work on the PD model with delay by exam ining nabla h–discrete equations and nabla h–discrete fractional equations as well as variation of constants formulas, accordingly. We introduce our model and solve it using theorems we proved in the last section of the indicated chapter. When we do simulation for …
On The Inadequacy Of Species Distribution Models For Modelling The Spread Of Sars-Cov-2: Response To Araújo And Naimi,
2020
Norwegian Institute for Nature Research
On The Inadequacy Of Species Distribution Models For Modelling The Spread Of Sars-Cov-2: Response To Araújo And Naimi, Joseph D. Chipperfield, Blas M. Benito, Robert B. O'Hara, Richard J. Telford, Colin J. Carlson
United States Public Health Resources
The ongoing pandemic of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is causing significant damage to public health and economic livelihoods, and is putting significant strains on healthcare services globally. This unfolding emergency has prompted the preparation and dissemination of the article “Spread of SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus likely to be constrained by climate” by Araújo and Naimi (2020). The authors present the results of an ensemble forecast made from a suite of species distribution models (SDMs), where they attempt to predict the suitability of the climate for the spread of SARS-CoV-2 over the coming months. They argue that climate is …
Disease Mongering: How Sickness Sells,
2020
Augustana College, Rock Island Illinois
Disease Mongering: How Sickness Sells, Vanessa C. Iroegbulem
Augustana Center for the Study of Ethics Essay Contest
“Disease mongering” is the practice of widening diagnostic boundaries of an illness and promoting their public awareness to expand the markets for treatment and to increase profits. This tactic typically used by pharmaceutical companies, medical equipment manufacturers, insurance companies, and even some doctors and patient groups, has become a great concern. Disease mongering has since increased in parallel with “medicalization,” which attempts to label normal human conditions as medical problems, thus becoming the subject of medical study, diagnosis, prevention, or treatment. This paper first seeks to examine how an increasing amount of life’s natural conditions and ailments are being seen …
Mathematical Modelling Of The Tuberculosis Epidemiology,
2020
Universiti Malaya
Mathematical Modelling Of The Tuberculosis Epidemiology, Ally Yeketi Ayinla
Student Works (2020-2029)
This project analyses the tuberculosis (TB) epidemic mathematically using compartmental modelling approach. Three models are presented to discuss drug susceptible and multi-drug resistant TB. The first model presented has 4 compartments; susceptible, exposed, infectious and recovered. The relevance of the exposed class in managing TB is analysed and found to be useful in delaying the eventual onset of the infection. Compared to previous researches, our results significantly show that when efforts are made such that no infected individual bypasses the exposed class and progresses directly to the infectious, the TB epidemic is successfully combatted. Also, the model is used to …
Diverse Approaches To Predicting Drug-Induced Liver Injury Using Gene-Expression Profiles,
2020
Brigham Young University - Provo
Diverse Approaches To Predicting Drug-Induced Liver Injury Using Gene-Expression Profiles, G. Rex Sumsion, Michael S. Bradshaw Iii, Jeremy T. Beales, Emi Ford, Griffin R. G. Caryotakis, Daniel J. Garrett, Emily D. Lebaron, Ifeanyichukwu O. Nwosu, Stephen R. Piccolo
Faculty Publications
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a serious concern during drug development and the treatment of human disease. The ability to accurately predict DILI risk could yield significant improvements in drug attrition rates during drug development, in drug withdrawal rates, and in treatment outcomes. In this paper, we outline our approach to predicting DILI risk using gene-expression data from Build 02 of the Connectivity Map (CMap) as part of the 2018 Critical Assessment of Massive Data Analysis CMap Drug Safety Challenge.
The Role Of Manganese In Streptococcus Sanguinis,
2020
Virginia Commonwealth University
The Role Of Manganese In Streptococcus Sanguinis, Tanya M. Puccio
Theses and Dissertations
Streptococcus sanguinis is primarily associated with oral health as a commensal bacterium. As an opportunistic pathogen, S. sanguinis is capable of colonizing heart valve vegetations, leading to the disease infective endocarditis. Previous studies from our lab have identified the high-affinity manganese transporter SsaACB as important for endocarditis virulence. The impact that manganese depletion has on S. sanguinis had never been evaluated and a secondary manganese transporter has not been identified. Thus, we employed the use of a fermentor to control large-scale growth over time and depleted manganese in an ΔssaACB mutant using a metal chelator, EDTA. The changes in …
Novel Strategies To Overcome Carboplatin Resistance In Triple Negative Breast Cancer Using Patient Derived Xenografts,
2020
Virginia Commonwealth University
Novel Strategies To Overcome Carboplatin Resistance In Triple Negative Breast Cancer Using Patient Derived Xenografts, Mohammad A. Al Zubi
Theses and Dissertations
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients have a poor prognosis and rely on chemotherapeutic treatment as standard of care. Often, they develop chemotherapy resistance, which leaves them without more therapeutic options, like targeted therapy. New models have been developed to test targeted inhibitors in human tumors, and they are known as patient-derived xenografts (PDX). These tumors are obtained from patients, then established and maintained in mice where they areused for tumor studies. In this work, we characterized 14 PDXs for their primary tumor growth rate and investigated metastatic propensity using spontaneous and experiment metastasis models. We utilized RNA-sequencing to characterize contributions …
Characterization Of Bone Pathology In Sickle Cell Disease And Therapeutic Strategies,
2020
CUNY City College
Characterization Of Bone Pathology In Sickle Cell Disease And Therapeutic Strategies, Mykel D. Green
Dissertations and Theses
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic hemoglobinopathy that has grown into a global health concern. While the advances in medical treatment and management of SCD during childhood have drastically improved the overall survival of children, the transition from pediatric to adult services is significantly inadequate in comparison. Life expectancies of patients with SCD in first world countries such as the United States are shortened to averages of 42 and 48 years for men and women, respectively. Despite the increasing number of people living with SCD, remarkably, few detailed studies have described the clinical course and complications of the disease …
Tunable Multiphase Dynamics Of Arginine And Lysine Liquid Condensates,
2020
CUNY Advanced Science Research Center
Tunable Multiphase Dynamics Of Arginine And Lysine Liquid Condensates, Rachel S. Fisher, Shana Elbaum-Garfinkle
Advanced Science Research Center
Liquid phase separation into two or more coexisting phases has emerged as a new paradigm for understanding subcellular organization, prebiotic life, and the origins of disease. The design principles underlying biomolecular phase separation have the potential to drive the development of novel liquid-based organelles and therapeutics, however, an understanding of how individual molecules contribute to emergent material properties, and approaches to directly manipulate phase dynamics are lacking. Here, using microrheology, we demonstrate that droplets of poly-arginine coassembled with mono/polynucleotides have approximately 100 fold greater viscosity than comparable lysine droplets, both of which can be finer tuned by polymer length. We …
Modeling Genetic Risk Factor Of Alzheimer's Disease "Sorl1" Using Patient Specific Pluripotent Stem Cells,
2020
Faculty of Medicine
Modeling Genetic Risk Factor Of Alzheimer's Disease "Sorl1" Using Patient Specific Pluripotent Stem Cells, Kamonchanok Kongsri
Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)
Alzheimer’s disease is the most common neurodegenerative; cause of dementia and trends to increase in elder society. There is still not cure. A new strategy development for treatment is needed. SORL1 is a major genetic risk factor associated with sporadic AD. It correlates with degrading amyloid beta (Aβ) by sorting to lysosome. SORL1 overexpression has been reported that reduce Aβ production. However, the molecular mechanism that regulate in neurons is still unclear. The purpose of this study is to generate an effective drug discovery platform for identifying molecules that can modulate SORL1 level in human neurons by using induced pluripotent …
Modelling Of Cholangiocarcinogenesis By Using Pluripotent Stem Cell,
2020
Faculty of Medicine
Modelling Of Cholangiocarcinogenesis By Using Pluripotent Stem Cell, Natthida Kittimawikrom
Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)
The exome sequencing study of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) revealed SMAD4 mutation was frequently observed. The role of SMAD4 to cholangiocarcinogenesis as well as cell origin of CCA are not fully understand. According to current CCA model including cell lines and animal models, it still limited in resembling human cells and early event during carcinogenesis. The objective of this study was to study the role of SMAD4 signaling disruption in cholangiocyte progenitors. To clarify these questions, we used induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to differentiate into cholangiocyte organoids by using growth factors induction in this study. The result demonstrated that cholangiocyte organoids …
Molecular And Behavioral Mechanisms Mediated Paclitaxel-Induced Changes In Affect-Like Behavior In Mice,
2020
Virginia Commonwealth University
Molecular And Behavioral Mechanisms Mediated Paclitaxel-Induced Changes In Affect-Like Behavior In Mice, Julia Meade
Theses and Dissertations
Paclitaxel and oxaliplatin are two chemotherapeutics that cause acute neurotoxicity and chemotherapy-induce peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) in 70-90% of cancer patients. Chemotherapy-induced sensory changes are correlated with depression and anxiety. We characterized the effects of these drugs on sensation and various mood-related behaviors in mice, to determine if changes in sensation are associated with depression-like behavior, to explore putative mechanisms of chemotherapy-induced depression-like behavior (Aim 1), and to develop a mouse model of chemotherapy-induced operant responding deficit (Aim 2). In Aim 1, we observed that a cumulative dose of 32 mg/kg paclitaxel induced mechanical hypersensitivity and transiently reduced preference for sucrose …
The Impact Of Aging And Mechanical Injury On Alveolar Epithelial And Macrophage Responses In Acute Lung Injury And Inflammation,
2020
Virginia Commonwealth University
The Impact Of Aging And Mechanical Injury On Alveolar Epithelial And Macrophage Responses In Acute Lung Injury And Inflammation, Michael S. Valentine
Theses and Dissertations
Patients with severe lung pathologies, such as Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), often require mechanical ventilation as a clinical intervention; however, this procedure frequently exacerbates the original pulmonary issue and produces an exaggerated inflammatory response that potentially leads to sepsis, multisystem organ failure, and mortality. This acute lung injury (ALI) condition has been termed Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury (VILI). Alveolar overdistension, cyclic atelectasis, and biotrauma are the primary injury mechanisms in VILI that lead to the loss of alveolar barrier integrity and pulmonary inflammation. Stress and strains during mechanical ventilation are believed to initiate alveolar epithelial mechanotransduction signaling mechanisms that contribute …
