Cardiovascular Diseases Commons^™

Heart Failure 30-Day Readmission Frequency, Rates, And Hf Classification, Yolanda R. Brown, Twonia M. Goyer, Margaret C. Harvey

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

30 Day Hospital Readmission Rates, Frequencies, and Heart Failure Classification for Patients with Heart Failure

Background Congestive heart failure (CHF) is the leading cause of mortality, morbidity, and disability worldwide among patients. Both the incidence and the prevalence of heart failure are age dependent and are relatively common in individuals 40 years of age and older. CHF is one of the leading causes of inpatient hospitalization readmission in the United States, with readmission rates remaining above the 20% goal within 30 days. The Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services imposes a 3% reimbursement penalty for excessive readmissions including those who …

An Investigation Into The Response Of The Us And Eu5 To The Covid-19 Disease (Convergence Of Two Pandemics: Covid-19 And Ncds), Omar Hassan

Publications and Research

In late December 2019, a coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was identified in Wuhan China. COVID-19 was a result of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARA-CoV-2), which has resulted in a worldwide sudden and substantial increase in hospitalizations for pneumonia with multiorgan disease. As of October 6, 2020, SARS-CoV-2 has affected more than 200 countries, resulting in more than 35 million identified cases with more than 1 million confirmed deaths.

This is a cross-sectional, non-interventional, observational study in patients infected with the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) or Covid-19, using John Hopkins University database JHU Coronavirus map. The data collected from …

Improving Door To Transfer Times For St Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction In Small Emergency Departments: A Quality Performance Improvement Project, Amber Ryals

Doctoral Projects

Heart disease is a leading cause of death in the United States (Centers for Disease Control [CDC], 2020). ST-elevation myocardial infarctions are around 38% of all coronary syndrome patients that present to the emergency department (Akbar et al., 2020). Smaller, outlying facilities can be at a disadvantage due to the lack of readily available specialties and services, such as a cardiac catheterization laboratory, which has the potential to cause a delay in inpatient care. With standardized cardiac protocols in place at many facilities, initial identification and treatment of myocardial infarctions are begun long before a patient enters a facility, often …

Characterization Of Adiposity And Inflammation Genetic Pleiotropy Underlying Cardiovascular Risk Factors In Hispanics., Mohammad Yaser (Anwar)

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The observed overlap between genetic variants associated with both adiposity and inflammatory markers suggests that changes in both adiposity and inflammation could be partially mediated by common pathways. The pervasive but sparsely characterized “pleiotropic” genetic variants associated with both adiposity and inflammation have been hypothesized to provide insight into the shared biology. This study explored and characterized the genetic pleiotropy underpinning adiposity and inflammation using genetic and phenotypic observations from the Cameron County Hispanic Cohort (CCHC). A total of 3,313 samples and >9 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were examined in this study. Mixed model genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were …

Patient-Centered Implementation Of Statin Therapy In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes, Giovanna P. Favarato

Doctor of Nursing Practice

Heart disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Americans with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The American Diabetes Association recommends statins and lifestyle modifications for all patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus for the prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular events. A patient-centered approach to primary prevention is encouraged, yet there are no specific instructions regarding implementation. The Statin Choice Decision Aid is a tool designed to facilitate shared decision-making between the patient and the provider in the clinical setting. The 2018 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines for the primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease for patients with …

The Link Between Heart Disease In Low Socioeconomic Communities In America, Khristopher Chea

Nursing | Senior Theses

As a future medical professional in the healthcare field, we continue to see patients admitted for cardiovascular issues. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of mortality among adults living in the U.S. despite advances in treatment throughout the past century. A number of risk factors such as hypertension, obesity, smoking, and physical inactivity contribute to the significant rise of cardiovascular disease. Research data suggests that there is correlation between cardiovascular disease, low socioeconomic status, and diet. According to the American Phycological Association socioeconomic status is measured by income, educational status, and occupation, and has been shown to be closely …

Nurse-Initiated Protocols For Chest Pain In The Emergency Department, Matthew Hodges

Student Scholarly Projects

Practice Problem: Emergency department crowding inhibits the ability to provide safe patient care to chest pain patients and negatively impact patient outcomes. A Veteran Affairs emergency department has identified a similar concern and implemented a nurse-initiated protocol to decrease the length of stay and improve patient outcomes.

PICOT: This evidence-based practice (EBP) project was guided by the following PICOT question: In the emergency department (ED), how does a nurse-initiated protocol (NIP) for chest pain (CP) patients compared to no protocol use influence length of stay (LOS) in the ED over 8 weeks?

Evidence: The reviewed literature supported the evidence of …

The Covid-19 Pandemic And Religious Travel: Present And Future Trends, Daniel H. Olsen, Dallen Timothy

International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage

The COVID-19 pandemic of 2020 has had dramatic effects on both the health and economic stability of countries around the world. While several scholars and media commentators have suggested that the pandemic would be a good time to reset an unsustainable tourism system, left out of these discussions has been the impacts on religion and religious travel. The purpose of this paper is to review the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on religion and religious travel, including the tensions that have arisen between religious communities, governments and health officials. The paper then discusses potential futures regarding religious travel in a …

Long-Term Clinical Outcomes Of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention In Saphenous Vein Grafts In A Low To Middle-Income Country, Ghurfan Adnan, Intisar Ahmed, Javed Tai, Maria Ali Khan, Hammad Hasan

Section of Cardiology

Background: Revascularization of saphenous vein grafts (SVGs) is challenging and debated for the last few decades. The percutaneous revascularization of SVGs was reported to have poorer long-term outcomes than native coronary artery revascularization.
Purpose: We aim to study the peri-procedural complications and long-term outcomes of the percutaneous revascularization of SVGs in a low-middle-income country.
Methods: In this retrospective study, we included 110 patients who underwent percutaneous revascularization from January 2011 to March 2020 and followed them retrospectively for long-term outcomes and major adverse cardiovascular events.
Results: The mean age was 71 ±9, and 81% were male. The most common reason …

Pulmonary Embolism Related To Covid-19 Quarantine, Eduardo J. Quinteros Md, Juan Bisonni Md

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

The mandatory quarantine imposed in response to the COVID-19 pandemic has been related to an increase in cases of thromboembolism in non-COVID-19 patients. Particularly in countries such as Argentina, where strict quarantine was mandated, individuals were far less likely to risk being outside or observe healthy practices that would avoid the exacerbation of diseases such as thromboembolism. We report the case of a patient with pulmonary thromboembolism without usual triggering causes during the quarantine period, related to a previously undiagnosed hypercoagulable condition.

Managing May-Thurner Syndrome And Associated Complications Throughout Pregnancy And Postpartum, Jessica A. Young, Stephen Zweibach, Nicole L. Plenty, Tiffany Tonismae

OB-GYN

No abstract provided.

Implementing Trauma-Informed Care Early In The Lives Of Children And Adults, Carley Clymer

Scholars Week

Throughout the health care industry, providers are failing to recognize the implications that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have upon adult health. As a result, these patients not only have to endure these traumas, but they’re also faced with crippling health conditions that accompany them including depression, heart disease and obesity. The prevalence of common high-risk behaviors such as smoking, drinking and illicit drug use can also co-exist with adversity, which leads to an exacerbation of already poor health. This presentation aims to relay the significance of adopting a trauma informed care (TIC) approach early in the lives of clients to …

Telomere Length In Young Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction Without Conventional Risk Factors: A Pilot Study From A South Asian Population, Mohit D. Gupta, Manjula Miglani, Ankit Bansal, Vardhmaan Jain, Sameer Arora, Sameer Kumar, Salim S. Virani, Ankur Kalra, Rakesh Yadav, Q Pasha

Office of the Provost

Background: There is need to identify novel markers that lead to an early occurrence of myocardial infarction (MI) in young South Asian population. This population has different risk profile as compared with others. Telomere length is known to be a marker of aging, and shorter telomeres have been reported in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). We aimed to identify the association of telomere length in young nonsmokers and non-diabetic MI patients.
Methods: In a case-control study of 154 subjects (n = 77 cases (ages 18-45 years, non-diabetic, non-smoker patients with MI) and n = 77, age and sex matched healthy controls), DNA …

Comparison Of Figure Of Eight And Traditional Simple Wire Closure Method To Prevent Dehiscence After Sternal Closure, Aleezay Asghar, Khawaja Muhammad Talha, Muneer Amanullah, Syed Shahabuddin

Medical College Documents

Objective: To investigate significant differences, if any, between figure of-eight method and simple wire closure technique in reducing the incidence of infectious and non-infectious sternal dehiscence in patients undergoing sternal closure.
Methods: The systematic review was conducted in the Cardiothoracic Surgery Department at Aga Khan University from 1st December 2015 to 13th December 2017. The review was registered with PROSPERO, the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews. Pubmed, Cochrane Library (Wiley) and Scopus databases were searched for articles published up to December 13, 2017. The search was limited to randomised control trials, clinical trials, retrospective cohort studies, journal analyses, systematic …

Availability And Affordability Of Medicines And Cardiovascular Outcomes In 21 High-Income, Middle-Income And Low-Income Countries, Clara Kayei Chow, Tu Ngoc Nguyen, Simone Marschner, Rafael Diaz, Omar Rahman, Alvaro Avezum, Scott A. Lear, Koon Teo, Karen E. Yeates, Khawar Kazmi

Section of Cardiology

Objectives: We aimed to examine the relationship between access to medicine for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) among people at high risk of CVD in high-income countries (HICs), upper and lower middle-income countries (UMICs, LMICs) and low-income countries (LICs) participating in the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study.
Methods: We defined high CVD risk as the presence of any of the following: hypertension, coronary artery disease, stroke, smoker, diabetes or age >55 years. Availability and affordability of blood pressure lowering drugs, antiplatelets and statins were obtained from pharmacies. Participants were categorised: group 1-all three drug types …

Stroke Preventive In African American Women Ages 20-40 That Are Using Or Have Used Oral Contraceptives, Ashanti L. N. Coleman

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This Doctor of Nursing Practice project will inform the audience of stroke awareness as it pertains to oral contraceptives. The study’s focus was to enhance the knowledge of African American women ages 20–40 that have used or are currently using an oral contraceptive. It has been identified that this patient population lacked the knowledge regarding stroke and oral contraceptives, and African American women continue to have the highest incidence of stroke. African American women also make up more than half of the consumers utilizing oral contraceptives. An oral contraceptive knowledge questionnaire was utilized from previous research to determine if any …

Nondietary Cardiovascular Health Metrics With Patient Experience And Loss Of Productivity Among Us Adults Without Cardiovascular Disease: The Medical Expenditure Panel Survey 2006 To 2015, Martin Tibuakuu, Victor Okunrintemi, Nazir Savji, Neil J. Stone, Salim S. Virani, Ron Blankstein, Ritu Thamman, Roger S. Blumenthal, Erin D. Michos

Office of the Provost

Background: The American Heart Association 2020 Impact Goals aimed to promote population health through emphasis on cardiovascular health (CVH). We examined the association between nondietary CVH metrics and patient-reported outcomes among a nationally representative sample of US adults without cardiovascular disease.
Methods and Results: We included adults aged ≥18 years who participated in the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey between 2006 and 2015. CVH metrics were scored 1 point for each of the following: not smoking, being physically active, normal body mass index, no hypertension, no diabetes mellitus, and no dyslipidemia, or 0 points if otherwise. Diet was not assessed in …

Endovascular Branch Fenestration And/Or Stenting May Be A Viable Treatment Option For Lower Limb Malperfusion Due To Acute Type B Aortic Dissection, Matthew Henry

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

A clinical decision report appraising Norton EL, Williams DM, Kim KM, et al. Management of acute type B aortic dissection with malperfusion via endovascular fenestration/stenting [published online September 30, 2019]. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2019.09.065

Incorporating Kidney Disease Measures Into Cardiovascular Risk Prediction: Development And Validation In 9 Million Adults From 72 Datasets, Kunihiro Matsushita, Simerjot K. Jassal, Yingying Sang, Shoshana H. Ballew, Morgan E. Grams, Aditya Surapaneni, Johan Arnlov, Nisha Bansal, Milica Bozic, Tazeen H. Jafar

Section of Nephrology

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) measures (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] and albuminuria) are frequently assessed in clinical practice and improve the prediction of incident cardiovascular disease (CVD), yet most major clinical guidelines do not have a standardized approach for incorporating these measures into CVD risk prediction. "CKD Patch" is a validated method to calibrate and improve the predicted risk from established equations according to CKD measures.
Methods: Utilizing data from 4,143,535 adults from 35 datasets, we developed several "CKD Patches" incorporating eGFR and albuminuria, to enhance prediction of risk of atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) by the Pooled Cohort Equation (PCE) …

Ace2 Mouse Models: A Toolbox For Cardiovascular And Pulmonary Research, Hongpeng Jia, Xinping Yue, Eric Lazartigues

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has been identified as the host entry receptor for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. ACE2 is a regulatory enzyme of the renin-angiotensin system and has protective functions in many cardiovascular, pulmonary and metabolic diseases. This review summarizes available murine models with systemic or organ-specific deletion of ACE2, or with overexpression of murine or human ACE2. The purpose of this review is to provide researchers with the genetic tools available for further understanding of ACE2 biology and for the investigation of ACE2 in the pathogenesis and treatment of COVID-19.