Cardiovascular Diseases Commons^™

Interventions To Promote Physical Activity And Dietary Lifestyle Changes For Cardiovascular Risk Factor Reduction In Adults: A Scientific Statement From The American Heart Association, Nancy Trygar Artinian, Gerald F. Fletcher, Dariush Mozaffarian, Penny Kris-Etherton, Linda Van Horn, Alice H. Lichtenstiein, Shiriki Kumanyika, William E. Kraus, Jerome J. Fleg, Nancy S. Redeker, Janet C. Meininger, Joanne Banks, Eileen M. Stuart-Shor, Barbara J. Fletcher, Todd D. Miller, Suzanne Hughes, Lynn T. Braun, Laurie A. Kopin, Kathy Berra, Laura L. Hayman, Linda J. Ewing, Philip A. Ades, J. Larry Durstine, Nancy Houston-Miller, Lora E. Burke, American Heart Association Prevention Committee Of The Council On Cardiovascular Nursing

Nursing Faculty Research Publications

Even modest sustained lifestyle changes can substantially reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Because many of the beneficial effects of lifestyle changes accrue over time, long-term adherence maximizes individual and population benefits. Interventions targeting dietary patterns, weight reduction, and new PA habits often result in impressive rates of initial behavior changes, but frequently are not translated into long-term behavioral maintenance. Both adoption and maintenance of new cardiovascular risk-reducing behaviors pose challenges for many individuals. According to the National Center for Health Statistics, life expectancy could increase by almost 7 years if all forms of major CVD were eliminated.5 Improvements …

Polyheart: Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessment, Katherine Vaughan

Kinesiology and Public Health

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in ‘Western Civilization.’ Lifestyle modification (ie regular exercise and healthy diet) greatly reduces the risk for CVD. It is unclear whether faculty at Cal Poly, who are exposed to positive benefits of lifestyle modification are at risk for CVD. The purpose of this study was to assess Cal Poly’s faculties’ cardiovascular health status, as specified by the American College of Sports Medicine’s (ACSM) seven cardiovascular disease risk factors. Both the researchers and participants benefit from this study because awareness of CVD risk factors may help prevent progression of risk factors and …

Fetal Programming By Nicotine Increases Cardiac Susceptibility To Ischemic Injury, Jennifer Charlotte Alexie Lawrence

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Fetal programming is the area of study that focuses on the prenatal origins of adult onset disorders. Previous studies have associated an adverse prenatal environment with the onset of physiologic and metabolic diseases during adulthood. Fetal malnutrition, hypoxia, and exposure to drugs - such as cocaine and nicotine - have been associated with adult disease states. Cigarette smoking is the number one cause of preventable death in the developed world. Among the many dangerous chemicals found in tobacco products is nicotine, the compound responsible for the addictive nature of tobacco use. Nicotine use during pregnancy is a known cause of …

Cardiovascular Risk Assessment - From Individual Risk Prediction To Estimation Of Global Risk And Change In Risk In The Population, John A. Batsis, Francisco Lopez-Jimenez

Dartmouth Scholarship

Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death and risk prediction formulae such as the Framingham Risk Score have been developed to easily identify patients at high risk that may require therapeutic interventions. Using cardiovascular risk formulae at a population level to estimate and compare average cardiovascular risk among groups has been recently proposed as a way to facilitate surveillance of net cardiovascular risk and target public health interventions. Risk prediction formulas may help to compare interventions that cause effects of different magnitudes and directions in several cardiovascular risk factors, because these formulas assess the net change in risk …

Effect Of Calcium Supplements On Risk Of Myocardial Infarction And Cardiovascular Events: Meta-Analysis, Mark J. Bolland, Allison Avenell, John A. Baron, A. Grey

Dartmouth Scholarship

Objective: To investigate whether calcium supplements increase the risk of cardiovascular events.

Osteoporosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in older people. Calcium supplements margin- ally reduce the risk of fracture, and most guidelines recommend adequate calcium intake as an integral part of the prevention or treatment of osteoporosis. Consequently, calcium supplements are commonly used by people over the age of 50. Observational stu- dies suggest that high calcium intake might protect against vascular disease, and the findings are consis- tent with those of interventional studies of calcium sup- plements thatshow improvementin some vascular risk factors. In contrast, …

The Relationship Of A Long-Term Exercise Program And Selected Coronary Risk Factors, Maryse Wells

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

The purpose of this study was to investigate body composition and blood pressure as potential risk factors for coronary artery disease after 3 years of participation in a structured exercise program. The sample group was comprised of 21 male participants (66%) and 11 (34%) female participants with a mean age of 55 years who attended the exercise program and completed health and fitness testing annually. Participants did cardiovascular, strength, and flexibility training 5 days a week with an average attendance of 70%. After 3 years, BMI, waist circumference, and percent body fat increased significantly (p < .01); blood pressure levels did not change significantly (p > .05). Low control of diet …

Smooth Muscle Hyperplasia Due To Acta2/Myh11 Mutations: Identification Of Novel Pathology And Pathways Leading To Aneurysms And Diverse Vascular Occlusive Diseases, Christina L. Papke

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

Missense mutations in smooth muscle cell (SMC) specific ACTA2 (á-actin) and MYH11 (â-myosin heavy chain) cause diffuse and diverse vascular diseases, including thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections (TAAD) and early onset coronary artery disease and stroke. The mechanism by which these mutations lead to dilatation of some arteries but occlusion of others is unknown. We hypothesized that the mutations act through two distinct mechanisms to cause varied vascular diseases: a loss of function, leading to decreased SMC contraction and aneurysms, and a gain of function, leading to increased SMC proliferation and occlusive disease. To test this hypothesis, ACTA2 mutant SMCs …

Qrs Duration And Echocardiographic Evidence Of Left Ventricular Dyssynchrony In Patients With Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction, Hafeez Ahmed, Javed Tai, Sohail Abrar Khan, Muniza Yousuf

Department of Medicine

Objective: To determine the association between left ventricular (LV) dyssynchrony assessed by tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) in patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 35% and prolonged ventricular depolarization on electrocardiography.
Study Design: A cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: The Aga Khan University, Karachi, from June to September 2007.
Methodology: All patients with LVEF < 35% were included. Apical 2-D images were obtained in 4 chamber and 2 chamber views. TDI pulse wave Doppler parameters were measured from these 2 color-coded images. Time interval between the onset of QRS complex and the peak systolic velocity per region was derived. Patients with valvular heart disease, mitral annular calcification, atrial fibrillation and paced rhythm were excluded. Fischer’s exact test was used to determine the association between QRS duration and left ventricular dyssynchrony.
Results: A total of 60 patients were included. Twenty one patients had QRS duration of > 120 msec. Out of those 21 patients, a total of 6 patients (28.6%) had evidence of dyssynchrony on TDI. Five patients (23.8%) had dyssynchrony on the basis of basal septal and basal lateral velocity difference …

Atherosclerosis And Antioxidants, Yehoshua Lewis

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Cellular lipid oxidation is a known cause for the cascade leading to the formation of lipid laden foam cells, which can cause of atherosclerosis. While statins and antioxidants have recently come under question in the amelioration of atherosclerosis, Flavonoids have recently been touted as a powerful antioxidant and suppresser of atherosclerosis. This paper will attempt to show why statins and vitamin E have come under scrutiny, and how the desired effects of Flavonoids can be attributed to the role it plays in increased paraoxonase-1 activity (a known anti inflammatory associated with HDL), decreased C- Reactive protein activity, and increased nitric …

Cardiac Regeneration, Sara Leah Abraham

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

The following is an excerpt from the introduction to this article: Cardiovascular disease is a generic term that refers to any illness or disorder that involves the heart and its vessels or the blood vessels of the body. Cardiovascular disease has been accepted as the leading cause of death worldwide. According to the Centers for Disease Control’s National Vital Statistics Reports, twenty six percent of deaths in 2006, 631,636 in total, were caused by diseases of the heart (Heron et al. 2009).

One of the most common of all cardiovascular diseases is Ischaemic Heart Disease. This coronary artery disease often …

Reducing Late Charges In Cardiovascular Services, Diane Rydzy Rn

Posters

• Late charges are charges that are “added” to a patient’s bill after the bill has been sent
• Late charges strain the system by making it necessary to “re-bill” the account
• In order to reduce late charges, it is necessary to understand how late charges occur

Cardiac Tissue Regeneration - The Use Of Stem Cells, Chavy Friedlander

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

The following is the introduction to the article: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of illness and fatality. Diseases such as coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction and subsequent congestive heart failure pose a serious problem to much of the population in the Unites States and all over the world. The heart’s compromised function that results from the above conditions is so influential as the heart has little capacity to repair its lost tissue; once the cardiac myocytes are destroyed its effects are amplified by a drastic decrease in cardiac function. Until recently with the advent of stem cell technology, researchers …

Role Of Genetics In Prediction Of Coronary Artery Disease, Andrey Yuabov

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

The following is the introduction of this article: Coronary arteries disease (CAD) is a leading cause of death in United States and rest of the world. It mostly involves atherogenic formation within the walls of the coronary arteries, which in turn restricts the adequate perfusion to the heart muscle. This leads to myocardial infarction and sudden death. In the past few decades the theories of coronary arteries disease pathogenesis have changed. The facts reveal that the onset of the disease can develop as early as childhood. The degree of the disease gradually progresses in stages and it is regarded as …

Practice Patterns For Antibiotic De-Escalation In Culture-Negative Healthcare-Associated Pneumonia, M. Schlueter, C. James, A. Dominguez, Laura V. Tsu, G. Seymann

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Background Published guidelines for the treatment of healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP) recommend initial broad-spectrum antibiotics with appropriate de-escalation based on culture results. Guideline recommendations are based on data from intubated patients, in whom cultures are easily obtained. The approach to antibiotic de-escalation for culture-negative patients has not been addressed. Consequently, there are no published reports that describe the current standard of practice. Patients and methods All patients admitted to a university hospital with a diagnosis of HCAP, as defined by use of a pneumonia orderset, were identified retrospectively over a 2-year period. Antibiotics prescribed on admission, during hospital stay, and on …