Cardiovascular Diseases Commons^™

Cardiac Tamponade, Ashley Miner

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

The topic the author chose to research is cardiac tamponade. Cardiac tamponade occurs when fluid builds up in the pericardial cavity, which is the cavity that surrounds the heart. Cardiac tamponade can occur due to various reasons, including myocardial infarctions, pericarditis, traumas, and placement of pacer wires. Palpitations, chest pain, and shortness of breath are common symptoms that occur with cardiac tamponade. Pericardiocentesis and a pericardial window are two interventions that are commonly used to treat cardiac tamponade. Cardiac tamponade is a medical emergency and without any intervention, may lead to cardiac arrest and possible death. The author chose cardiac …

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: A Silent Killer, Kristen Springer

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Rupture of an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a significant cause of mortality in the United States. “Often asymptomatic, AAA is considered a silent killer because it frequently remains undiagnosed until the time of rupture or the patient’s death” (Gordon & Toursarkinssian, p. 242). As healthcare professionals, being aware of the pathophysiology, risk factors and symptoms influencing this disease is important in aiding early diagnosis and treatment, helping to reduce complications and mortality rates of those affected.

Effectiveness Of Executive Function Performance Test (Efpt) In Stroke Population, Faryal Shaheen

Occupational Therapy Graduate Student Evidenced-Based Research Reviews

Stroke is the leading cause of long term disability in the U.S, causing 15,000 deaths each year (Hall et al, 2015). It has been estimated that 71% of clients are discharged with minimal to no services from acute/subacute after stroke because of deficits that go undetected (2015).

One of the most common deficits in stroke is loss in executive functioning (EF). Occupational therapists (OTs) have typically used a combination of tools to measure EF and most of these assessments did not involve observations in the everyday environment (Morrison et al, 2015). A new measure, known as the Executive Function Performance …

Is Autologous Or Heterologous Pericardium Better For Valvuloplasty? A Comparative Study Of Calcification Propensity, Wen-Jian Jiang, Yong-Chao Cui, Jin-Hua Li, Xiu-Hui Zhang, Huan-Huan Ding, Yong-Qiang Lai, Hong-Jia Zhang

The Texas Heart Institute Journal

Pericardial calcification is detrimental to the long-term durability of valvuloplasty. However, whether calcification susceptibility differs between heterologous and autologous pericardium is unclear. In this study, we compared the progression of calcification in vivo between autologous and heterologous pericardium.

We randomly divided 28 rabbits into 4 equal groups. Resected rabbit pericardium served as autologous pericardium, and commercial bovine pericardium served as heterologous pericardium. We subcutaneously embedded one of each pericardial patch in the abdominal walls of 21 of the rabbits. The 7 control rabbits (group A) received no implants. The embedded samples were removed at 2 months in group B, at …

Treating The Patient Who Has The Disease, Emily J Gibson

The Texas Heart Institute Journal

No abstract provided.

Is Autologous Or Heterologous Pericardium Better For Valvuloplasty? A Comparative Study Of Calcification Propensity, Arthur W Bracey

The Texas Heart Institute Journal

No abstract provided.

Target-Specific Oral Anticoagulants: Should We Switch From Warfarin?, Payam Safavi-Naeini, Mohammad Saeed

The Texas Heart Institute Journal

No abstract provided.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging In Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension, Ayhan Pektas, Rana Olgunturk, Ayhan Cevik, Semiha Terlemez, Emre Kacar, Yusuf Ali Oner

The Texas Heart Institute Journal

The present study aims to determine the efficacy and reliability of cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging in establishing the diagnosis and prognosis of pulmonary hypertension in children.

This is a retrospective comparison of 25 children with pulmonary hypertension and a control group comprising 19 healthy children. The diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension was made when the mean pulmonary artery pressure was ≥25 mmHg by catheter angiography.

The children with pulmonary hypertension had significantly lower body mass indices than did the healthy children (P=0.048). In addition, the children with pulmonary hypertension had significantly larger main pulmonary artery diameters and ascending aortic diameters (both …

Heart Failure Patient Self-Care: An Evidence-Based Outpatient Management Program, Christine Marie Ensign, Shelley Hawkins, Barry Greenberg

Doctor of Nursing Practice Final Manuscripts

Background: According to the American Heart Association, there are over 5 million people in the United States with heart failure (HF) and projections suggest the prevalence of HF will increase by 46% through 2030. HF is the most common cause of hospital admissions in the United States for patients age 65 years or older and despite improvement outcomes, national readmission rates remain high at 23%. Current guidelines recommend health professionals provide comprehensive HF education and counseling that is not only focused on knowledge, but also on skills of management and self-care behaviors. In order to achieve quality patient-centered care, …

Cardiovascular Disease Performance Measures In The Outpatient Setting In India: Insights From The American College Of Cardiology's Pinnacle India Quality Improvement Program (Piqip), Ankur Kalra, Yashashwi Pokharel, Ravi S. Hira, Samantha Risch, Veronique Vicera, Qiong Li, Ram N. Kalra, Prafulla G. Kerkar, Ganesh Kumar, Salim S. Virani

Office of the Provost

Background: India has a growing burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD), yet data on the quality of outpatient care for patients with coronary artery disease, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation in India are very limited. We collected data on performance measures for 68 196 unique patients from 10 Indian cardiology outpatient departments from January 1, 2011, to February 5, 2014, in the American College of Cardiology's PINNACLE (Practice Innovation and Clinical Excellence) India Quality Improvement Program (PIQIP). PIQIP is India's first national outpatient CVD quality-improvement program.
Methods and results: In the PIQIP registry, we estimated the prevalence of CVD risk factors …

Inverse Changes In Ghrelin And A2a Receptor Gene Expression Levels In The Hippocampus Of Heart Failure Canines Following Spinal Cord Stimulation, Benjamin E. Jewett

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Myocardial infarction (MI), often referred to as a heart attack, is a serious health issue in the United States. There is a well-documented link between MI and major depressive disorder (MDD), with a high incidence of MDD occurring after an MI. Overlapping pathologies have been observed within the hippocampus of the brain in animal models of MI and depression. These observations suggest that pathobiological cross-talk between the heart and brain could have a role in the etiology of MDD that occurs after an MI. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has previously been shown to have both cardioprotective and neuroprotective effects post-MI, …

Race And Ethnicity, Obesity, Metabolic Health, And Risk Of Cardiovascular Disease In Postmenopausal Women, Michelle D. Schmiegelow, Haley Hedlin, Rachel H. Mackey, Lisa W. Martin, Mara Z. Vitolins, Marcia L. Stefanick, Marco V. Perez, Matthew Allison, Mark A. Hlatky

Medicine Faculty Publications

Background It is unclear whether obesity unaccompanied by metabolic abnormalities is associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk across racial and ethnic subgroups.

Methods and Results We identified 14 364 postmenopausal women from the Women's Health Initiative who had data on fasting serum lipids and serum glucose and no history of cardiovascular disease or diabetes at baseline. We categorized women by body mass index (in kg/m²) as normal weight (body mass index 18.5 to P=0.05). Obese black women without metabolic syndrome had higher adjusted risk (HR 1.95) than obese white women (HR 1.07; interaction P=0.02). Among women with …

Effects Of Heat Stress On Arterial Compliance In Smokers: A Pilot Study, Erin Dougherty

Health, Human Performance and Recreation Undergraduate Honors Theses

Arterial compliance (i.e., arterial elasticity) is a major contributor to the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and has been recognized as an independent risk factor for CVD. Smokers have poor arterial compliance compared to non-smokers. In non-smokers, passive heat stress has been shown to acutely improve arterial compliance. It is unknown how passive heat stress affects arterial compliance in smokers. The purpose of this pilot study was to test the hypothesis that passive heat stress improves arterial compliance in smokers to a greater extent than non-smokers. This pilot study involved 2 male smokers and 2 male non-smokers, ages 18-21. Smokers …

Accidental Phosphine Gas Poisoning With Fatal Myocardial Dysfunction In Two Families, Saleem Akhtar, Arshalooz Rehman, Surraya Bano, Anwarul Haque

Department of Emergency Medicine

ABSTRACT Aluminum phosphide is commonly used as a rodenticide and insecticide and is one of the most fatal poisons. The active ingredient is Phosphine gas which inhibits cytochrome oxidase and cellular oxygen utilization. The clinical symptoms are due to multiorgan involvement including cardiac toxicity which is the most common cause of mortality. Severity of clinical manifestations depends upon the amount of the gas to which a person is exposed. There is no specific antidote available. High index of suspicion and early aggressive treatment is the key to success. We report 2 cases of aluminum phosphide toxicity in 2 families due …

The Reproducibility And Absolute Values Of Echocardiographic Measurements Of Left Ventricular Size And Function In Children Are Algorithm Dependent., Renee Margossian, Shan Chen, Lynn A. Sleeper, Lloyd Y. Tani, Girish S. Shirali, Fraser Golding, Elif Seda Selamet Tierney, Karen Altmann, Michael J. Campbell, Anita Szwast, Angela Sharkey, Elizabeth Radojewski, Steven D. Colan, Pediatric Heart Network Investigators

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: Several quantification algorithms for measuring left ventricular (LV) size and function are used in clinical and research settings. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of measurement algorithm and beat averaging on the reproducibility of measurements of the left ventricle and to assess the magnitude of agreement among the algorithms in children with dilated cardiomyopathy.

METHODS: Echocardiograms were obtained in 169 children from eight clinical centers. Inter- and intrareader reproducibility was assessed on measurements of LV volumes using the biplane Simpson, modified Simpson, and 5/6 × area × length (5/6AL) algorithms. Percentage error was calculated as …

Role Of Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Kinase In The Healing Process Of The Heart Following Myocardial Infarction, Laura L. Daniel

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Ataxia telangiectasia (AT), caused by mutations in the gene encoding ataxia telangiectasia mutated kinase (ATM), is a rare autosomal recessive disorder. AT individuals exhibit neuronal degeneration and are predisposed to cancer. Carriers of this disorder are predisposed to cancer and ischemic heart disease. Heart disease, mostly due to myocardial infarction (MI), is a leading cause of death in the US. Following MI, release of catecholamines in the heart stimulates β- adrenergic receptors (β-AR). Our lab has shown that β-AR stimulation increases ATM expression in the heart and myocytes, and ATM plays an important role in β-AR-stimulated myocardial remodeling with effects …

Transient Cardiovascular Hemodynamics In A Patient-Specific Arterial System, Jr Rodward Hewlin

Dissertations

The ultimate goal of the present study is to aid in the development of tools to assist in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Gaining an understanding of hemodynamic parameters for medical implants allow clinicians to have some patient-specific proposals for intervention planning. In the present study a full cardiovascular experimental phantom and digital phantom (CFD model) was fabricated to study: (1) the effects of local hemodynamics on global hemodynamics, (2) the effects of transition from bed-rest to upright position, and (3) transport of dye (drug delivery) in the arterial system. Computational three dimensional (3-D) models (designs A, B, and C) …

Prenatal Diagnosis Of Left Pulmonary Artery-To-Pulmonary Vein Fistula And Its Successful Surgical Repair In A Neonate, Oleksii Ostras, Andrii Kurkevych, Lyubomyr Bohuta, Tetyana Yalynska, Tammo Raad, Mark Lewin, Illya Yemets

The Texas Heart Institute Journal

Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula is a rare disease. To the best of our knowledge, prenatal diagnosis of a fistula between the left pulmonary artery and the left pulmonary vein has not been described in the medical literature. We report a case of the prenatal diagnosis of a left pulmonary artery-to-pulmonary vein fistula, followed by successful neonatal surgical repair.

Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation Despite Challenging Vascular Access, Angelo Nascimbene, Federico Azpurua, James J Livesay, R David Fish, Zvonimir Krajcer

The Texas Heart Institute Journal

We describe transcatheter aortic valve implantation in a patient who had severe peripheral artery disease. The patient's vascular condition required additional preliminary peripheral intervention to enable adequate vascular access.

A 78-year-old man with severe aortic stenosis, substantial comorbidities, and severe heart failure symptoms was referred for aortic valve replacement. The patient's 20-mm aortic annulus necessitated the use of a 23-mm Edwards Sapien valve inserted through a 22F sheath, which itself needed a vessel diameter of at least 7 mm for percutaneous delivery. The left common femoral artery was selected for valve delivery. The left iliac artery and infrarenal aorta underwent …

When The Chief Complaint Tells It All, Herbert L Fred

The Texas Heart Institute Journal

No abstract provided.