Cardiovascular Diseases Commons^™

Age And Functional Outcomes Post-Neurologic Insult In Patients Attending Inpatient Rehabilitation, Jonathan Bowman Spt, Elena Crooks Pt, Dpt, Phd, Doug Weeks Phd, Kimberly Honn Phd

2020 Symposium Posters

Introduction

Neurologic insults such as strokes and traumatic brain injuries (TBI) affect over 1 million Americans every year. The lack of current knowledge informing accurate prognoses causes victims and their loved ones distress, and is a focus of much research. The purpose of this study was to determine whether patient age at time of insult could predict change in functional outcomes during inpatient rehabilitation.

Methods

Subjects were patients of an inpatient rehabilitation facility (IRF) post-stroke or TBI. The Functional Independence Measure (FIM) assessed functional independence and cognitive status at admission and discharge from the IRF. The Montebello Rehabilitation Factor Score …

A Systemic Review And Meta-Analysis On The Antihypertensive Effect Of Aromatherapy Essential Oils, Mikyoung Lee, Ji-Ah Song, Mina Ahn, Ahra Jo, Jeongah Park, Wonjong Kim, Claudia M. Davis, Yeon Sook Kim, Myun-Haeng Hur

Nursing Faculty Publications

Purpose: This study is a systemic review of experimental results on the effects of aromatherapy on blood pressure.

Materials and Methods: Journal articles published to December, 2017, were retrieved from twelve databases. Randomized controlled trials in which were evaluated for changes in blood pressure following aromatherapy were selected. Risks of bias were assessed using the risk-of-bias (ROB) tool of the Cochrane Collaboration. Meta-analysis were dine using RevMan.

Results: Of the 2545 articles retrieved from the electronic databases, 580 duplicate articles and 1891 articles that were unrelated to the PICO (patient/problem, intervention, comparison, outcome) elements or did not satisfy the inclusion …

Parental Nutrition Health Literacy, Sheila F. Towson

Regis University Student Publications (comprehensive collection)

Executive Summary

Parental Nutrition Health Literacy and Children’s Health

Problem: The problem identified in the following study is that overweight and obesity is associated with comorbidities that contribute to chronic diseases such as depression, decreased academic performance, type 2 diabetes, cardiac disease and others (Allesio, 2018; Barlow & Expert Committee, 2007). Demographics reveal obesity prevalence among children and adolescents to be 18.9% in the lowest income group, 19.9% in the middle-income group, and 10.9% in the highest income group (CDC, 2018). School and home environments are especially influential in affecting school-age children’s health behaviors (Luesse, Paul, Koch, Contendo, & Marsick, …

The Effects Of A Plant-Based Diet On Inflammation Of Patients With Cardiac Disease, Rachel L. Butcher

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Cardiac disease is the primary cause of death in the United States of America (CDC, 2017). Despite ongoing efforts and investments to improve cardiac health in the United States, most of the population will suffer from cardiovascular diseases. There is a multitude of research supporting that diet can contribute to cardiac disease, but it is less known that diet can greatly contribute to regulation and reversal of cardiovascular disease processes (Huang et al., 2012; Satija et al., 2017; Kim et al., 2019). Existing research supports the efficacy of plant-based diets to manage and reverse certain cardiac diseases (Tuso et al., …

Exposure To Household Secondhand Smoke Among Adolescents In Kuwait: Results From Two School-Based Cross-Sectional Studies, Ali H. Ziyab, Mohammad Almari, Abdullah Al-Taiar

Community & Environmental Health Faculty Publications

INTRODUCTION: Detrimental effects of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure are well established; however, data on SHS exposure among adolescents in Kuwait are lacking. Hence, this study sought to estimate the prevalence of household SHS exposure among two samples of adolescents in Kuwait and assess its variation by socioeconomic status and parental education level.

METHODS: Data from two large school-based cross-sectional studies were analyzed. Adolescents attending public middle (n=3864; aged 11-14 years) and high (n=1959; aged 14-19 years) schools throughout Kuwait were enrolled in 2016-2017, and parental self-reported household SHS exposure was ascertained. Associations were assessed using Poisson regression with robust variance …

The Effects Of An Inflammasome Inhibitor Olt1177 On The Development Of Ischemic Heart Failure, Joseph S. Aliaga

Theses and Dissertations

Thesis Abstract

THE EFFECTS OF AN INFLAMMASOME INHIBITOR OLT1177 ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ISCHEMIC HEART FAILURE

By Joseph S. Aliaga, BS

A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science at Virginia Commonwealth University.

Virginia Commonwealth University, 2020

Background: Evidence suggests that prolonged and enhanced pro-inflammatory signaling, modulated by the NLRP3 inflammasome, plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of several different types of cardiovascular diseases such as acute myocardial infarction (AMI), adverse ventricular remodeling, and heart failure (HF). Consequently, we hypothesize that attenuating the enhanced inflammatory response using a pharmacological NLRP3 …

The Role Of Interleukin-18 In Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion, Yogesh Dhakal

Theses and Dissertations

Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) is one of the leading causes of morbidity for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in the western world. While mortality rates for AMI has reduced in the last 20 years due to advancements in clinical interventions, patients who have an AMI are significantly more likely to develop heart failure (HF) in the following years. Reperfusion of the ischemic tissue is a necessary procedure to restore blood delivery to cardiomyocytes, minimize myocardial dysfunction, and reduce infarct size. Still, the step of reperfusion itself induces myocardial damage in a phenomenon known as reperfusion injury. Considering that the degree of myocardial …

Review Of The Scientific Literature On Young Adults Related To Cardiovascular Disease Intervention, Dieu-My T. Tran, Angela Sojobi

Nursing Faculty Research

Many young adults are at risk for cardiovascular disease related to their behavioral choices. Irresponsible alcohol consumption, tobacco smoking, sedentary lifestyle, poor dietary habits, and excessive weight gain are some of the behaviors that put young adults at risk. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention identified that 15% of young adults are diagnosed with chronic illnesses related to their behavioral choices. The purpose of this review is to identify, in the literature, interventions that are currently available to young adults and evaluate the adequacy and effectiveness of those interventions. An extensive electronic search was conducted using CINAHL, EBSCOhost, Cochrane, …

Age, Gender, And Racial Differences Between Acute Myocardial Infarction, Type 2 Diabetes, And Their Comortality, Steven Borchers

Scholarship in Medicine - All Papers

Acute myocardial infarction and type two diabetes are within the top seven causes of death in the United States and their impact on society is costly. Although there are many studies conducted about these diseases, some of the research is aged and requires more recent datasets. The objective of this research is to revel trends in these diseases, as well as in their comorbidity, relating to age, gender, and race. To conduct this research, data has been collected from the CDC Wonder dataset using their comorbidity database. This comorbidity data uses USA death certificates from 1999-2017 to retrieve the medical …

Associations Between Psychosocial Stressors, Genes, And Cardiovascular Disease In At-Risk Adults, Kaitlin Voigts Key

Theses and Dissertations--Nursing

Psychosocial stressors have a significant adverse impact on cardiovascular health. While better medical treatments and increased emphasis on healthy lifestyle have improved cardiovascular health for many in the United States over the past 50 years, there are persistent inequities in cardiovascular disease (CVD) rates, with the highest rates among populations burdened by chronic exposure to psychosocial stressors such as discrimination and anxiety, among others. Genetic factors may interact with these stressors further influencing the rates of CVD in these populations. The purpose of this dissertation is to examine associations among psychosocial stressors and other CVD risk factors, and the influence …

Responses To Symptoms Among Patients With Heart Failure, Chin-Yen Lin

Theses and Dissertations--Nursing

Patients with heart failure (HF) suffer from chronic and progressive symptoms. Failure to respond appropriately to escalating symptoms of HF causes a delay in seeking care, which results in worse symptom status, frequent rehospitalizations, and contributes to higher mortality. In order to enhance HF self-care, promote timely care-seeking, and improve outcomes, identification of factors that affect patients’ responses to symptoms and their decisions to seek care is essential. Thus, the purposes of this dissertation were to (1) identify factors associated with patients’ responses to worsening HF symptoms, and (2) determine the impact of responses to symptoms on outcomes in patients …

Involvement Of The Renin Angiotensin System In Marfan Syndrome Associated Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms, Jeff Zheying Chen

Theses and Dissertations--Physiology

Thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs) are clinically-silent dilations of the aorta which greatly increase the risk of aortic rupture, a condition with 50-90% mortality. Marfan syndrome (MFS) is caused by mutations in fibrillin-1 (FBN1) and is associated with TAAs. Due to an absence of validated and effective pharmacologic therapies to prevent or reverse TAA, most MFS patients require surgical aortic repair. Understanding MFS associated TAA pathogenesis would direct development of new pharmacologic therapies. Previous research has implicated the renin angiotensin system in TAA. In both males and females, angiotensinogen (AGT) is cleaved serially to generate the main effector peptide angiotensin II …

Cardiac Effects Of Obesity During Pregnancy In C57bl/6j Mice, Kayla Lynn Dudick

Theses and Dissertations--Nutrition and Food Systems

Objective: Pregnancy requires profound cardiac and metabolic adaptation. Left ventricular (LV) mass is increased in response to pregnancy, but is not associated with cardiac damage. In contrast, obesity-mediated cardiac hypertrophy is pathological. Data from animal studies indicate dietary fatty acid composition may have a protective effect during states of extreme cardiac physiological adaptation. In contrast, aberrant cardiac metabolism is a hallmark of disease. Over a third of reproductive-age women in the United States are obese, but there is a paucity of data describing the effect of obesity on maternal cardiac adaptation to pregnancy. The objective of this study was to …

The Efficacy Of Adding Eicosapentaenoic Acid To Statin Monotherapy In The Prevention Of Acute Coronary Syndrome In Patients With Coronary Artery Disease, Carlo Escudero

Capstone Showcase

Introduction: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a chronic medical condition caused by the buildup of plaque within the coronary artery endothelium. If left untreated it can progress to an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) which can lead to myocardial ischemia and death. Statins are lipid lowering agents used in clinical practice for the medical management of CAD. However, incidence of major adverse cardiovascular (CV) events still occurs despite optimal statin therapy. Currently eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) has been promoted to be effective when added to statin therapy in lowering the incidence of CV events in patients with hypercholesterolemia. This paper will address …

Cardiovascular Tissue Remodeling Of Preeclampsia, Rachel Metz

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy that leads to a multitude of problems for the mother and fetus during and after pregnancy. While the effects on the mother's body after pregnancy are often overlooked, preeclamptic mothers are prone to cardiovascular diseases from the great deal of stress experienced through the duration of a preeclamptic pregnancy. The associated high blood pressure causes cardiac muscle to work a great deal harder in an attempt to successfully perfuse tissues adequately. This increase in prolonged stress leads to remodeling of the cardiovascular tissues-significantly increasing the risk of heart issues in life beyond the …

Cardiometabolical Risk Factors Associated With Renal Function In Apparently Healthy Young Students: A Cross-Sectional Study, Lucia M. Perez-Navarro, Rafael Valdez-Ortiz, Araceli Alegria-Diaz, Miguel Murgia-Romero, Rafael Jimenez-Flores, Rafael Villalobos-Molina, Srinivas Mummidi, Ravindranath Duggirala, Juan C. Lopez-Alvarenga

School of Medicine Publications

Background: Cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRFs) appear decades before developing chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adulthood.

Objective: The objective of the study was to identify the prevalence and association between CMRFs and kidney function in apparently healthy young adults (18-25 years old).

Methods: We included 5531 freshman year students. Data collected on CMRFs included central obesity, high body mass index (hBMI >25), blood pressure, glycemia, lipids, uric acid (UA >6.8 mg/dL), and insulin. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated by CKD-Epidemiology Collaboration formula. We used logistic regression and a log linear for odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence level) and probabilities.

Results: …

The Observational Investigation Of Vitamin D And The Effect On Hypertension (Oiveh) Study, Warren Burke

DNP Research Projects

Background

It is uncertain if vitamin D supplementation improves cardiovascular health, more specifically, the systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and the data from previous trials investigating supplementation and the effects on the blood pressure are limited.

Methods

The following scholarly project was a retrospective observational study, examining randomly selected participants with chronic kidney disease and hypertension from a local nephrology practice. The Student’s t-test, Pearson’s r correlation, and ANOVA statistical tests were utilized to determine if vitamin D supplementation improved the systolic and diastolic blood pressures.

Results

A total of 260 participants were examined. The mean systolic blood pressure …

Reducing Hypertension Through Faith Community Nursing, Michelle White

DNP Research Projects

Hypertension affects approximately 31.1% of adults (1.39 million) worldwide. It continues to be a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease and strokes, the leading causes of death in the United States (Mills, Stefanescu, & He, 2020). Hypertension is expected to increase due to the aging population and unhealthy lifestyle choices of the American people (American Heart Association [AHA], 2018a). Therefore, effective strategies are required to manage hypertension in order to decrease stroke and cardiovascular events that can save the lives of many Americans. National programs such as Healthy People 2020 are working to achieve blood pressure control within the United …

Don't Just Check The Box: Check Your Athlete's Heart: Adding A 12-Lead Ecg To Pre-Participation Screening To Identify High Risk Of Sudden Cardiac Arrest In Male High School Athletes, Shannon King

DNP Projects

PURPOSE: Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) continues to be the leading cause of death in male high school athletes participating in competitive sports. There is gap in the current preventative screening practice of history and physical alone. The purpose of this project is to evaluate adding a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) to pre-participation screening captures cardiac abnormalities that identify male athletes at a higher risk for developing SCA. METHODS: A descriptive secondary analysis design to determine the incidence of cardiac abnormalities detected with the addition of a 12-lead ECG during pre-participation screenings (annual sports physical) of high school-aged male athletes. The study …

Accounting For The Uncertainty Due To Chemicals Below The Detection Limit In Mixture Analysis, Paul M. Hargarten

Theses and Dissertations

Humans are exposed to multiple chemicals every day. Epidemiological studies have shown that chemical mixtures are associated with cancers, allergies, neurodevelopmental disorders, and other adverse health effects. To assess these associations, investigators are increasingly using chemical mixture approaches like weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression. In these studies, the research objectives are to determine whether a mixture of correlated chemicals is associated with an adverse health outcome and to identify the important chemicals. However, as experimental equipment measures each exposure to a chemical-specific detection limit, the exposures are unknown between zero and the detection limit. Indeed, the number of exposures below …