Differential Impacts Of Hhv-6a Versus Hhv-6b Infection In Differentiated Human Neural Stem Cells,
2022
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Differential Impacts Of Hhv-6a Versus Hhv-6b Infection In Differentiated Human Neural Stem Cells, Elham Bahramian
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Within the family Herpesviridae, sub-family β-herpesvirinae, and genus Roseolovirus, there areonly three human herpesviruses that have been described: HHV-6A, HHV-6B, and HHV-7. Initially, HHV-6A and HHV-6B were considered as two variants of the same virus (i.e., HHV6). Despite high overall genetic sequence identity (~90%), HHV-6A and HHV-6B are now recognized as two distinct viruses. Sequence divergence (e.g., >30%) in key coding regions and significant differences in physiological and biochemical profiles (e.g., use of different receptors for viral entry) underscores the conclusion that HHV-6A and HHV-6B are distinct viruses of the β-herpesvirinae. Despite these viruses being implicated as causative agents in …
Computer-Aided Drug Discovery For Helicobacter Pylori,
2022
University of Tennessee Health Science Center
Computer-Aided Drug Discovery For Helicobacter Pylori, Nicole Ann Vita
Theses and Dissertations (ETD)
Helicobacter pylori is a high-priority drug-resistant pathogen and is currently the only bacteria considered to be a class I carcinogen and there is a critical need to identify novel chemical matter to treat H. pylori infections. Hp is responsible for greater than 60% of gastric cancer related deaths and 89% of all gastric cancer morbidities. In a previous study, our lab identified novel Hp thienopyrmidine inhibitors that target respiratory complex I, an essential enzyme in respiration. Respiratory complex I is a large asymmetric multidomain and membrane bound enzyme and due to these innate features, it is not practical for biophysical …
Practical Mouse Model To Investigate Therapeutics For Staphylococcus Aureus Contaminated Surgical Mesh Implants,
2022
Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, Montana
Practical Mouse Model To Investigate Therapeutics For Staphylococcus Aureus Contaminated Surgical Mesh Implants, Madison M. Collins, Brent Race, Ronald J. Messer, Chase Baune, Scott D. Kobayashi, Dan Long, Katie Williams, Aaron M. Hasenkrug, Kim Hasenkrug, Natalia Malachowa
School of Medicine Faculty Publications
Introduction: The use of prosthetic mesh in hernia repair provides a powerful tool to increase repair longevity, decrease recurrence rates, and facilitate complex abdominal wall reconstruction. Overall infection rates with mesh are low, but for those affected there is high morbidity and economic cost. The availability of a practicable small animal model would be advantageous for the preclinical testing of prophylactics, therapeutics, and new biomaterials. To this end, we have developed a novel mouse model for implantation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus–infected surgical mesh and provide results from antibiotic and immunotherapeutic testing. Materials and Methods: Implantation of surgical mesh between fascial …
Drug-Resistant Bacterial Infections: We Need Urgent Action And Investment That Focus On The Weakest Link,
2022
University of Oxford, United Kingdom
Drug-Resistant Bacterial Infections: We Need Urgent Action And Investment That Focus On The Weakest Link, Christiane Dolecek, Sadia Shakoor, Buddha Basnyat, Tochi Okwor, Benn Sartorius
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Despite high mortality and morbidity, drug-resistant bacterial infections remain the forgotten pandemic. We argue for strengthening of diagnostics, WASH (water, sanitation, and hygiene) and infection prevention and control to reduce drug-resistant infections, as an integral part of sustainable high-quality health services, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.
Screening For Social Determinants Of Health To Improve Care In Pediatric Patients With Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections: A Scoping Review,
2022
University of Tennessee Health Science Center
Screening For Social Determinants Of Health To Improve Care In Pediatric Patients With Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections: A Scoping Review, Emily Gray Msn, Fnp-C, Michelle Rickard Dnp, Cpnp-Ac
Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects
Purpose: To describe what is known about how SDoH screening impacts adherence to treatment in pediatric patients with recurrent UTIs.
Exploring Stakeholders' Experiences And Perceptions Regarding Barriers To Effective Surveillance Of Communicable Diseases In A Rural District Of Pakistan: A Qualitative Study,
2022
Aga Khan University
Exploring Stakeholders' Experiences And Perceptions Regarding Barriers To Effective Surveillance Of Communicable Diseases In A Rural District Of Pakistan: A Qualitative Study, Imran Naeem Abbasi, Sameen Siddiqi, Mmna Rehana Sididiqui, Rumina Hasan
Community Health Sciences
Objective: To explore the experiences and perceptions of health system stakeholders of a rural district of Sindh, Pakistan regarding the barriers to effective surveillance of communicable diseases.
Design: This qualitative descriptive exploratory design comprised in-depth interviews. Both inductive and deductive thematic analysis was applied to identify key themes from the data.
Settings: The study was conducted in public sector healthcare facilities and the district health office of the rural district of Thatta, in Sindh province, Pakistan.
Participants: Fifteen healthcare managers and healthcare providers working in the eight public sector primary and secondary healthcare facilities were interviewed using an open-ended in-depth …
Follow-Up Blood Cultures In Gram-Negative Bacteremia: How Do They Impact Outcomes?,
2022
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Trinity Health St. Joseph Mercy Hospital Ann Arbor
Follow-Up Blood Cultures In Gram-Negative Bacteremia: How Do They Impact Outcomes?, Azza Elamin, Faisal Khan, Rajasekhar Jagarlamudi
Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives
Introduction: Several studies have questioned the utility of obtaining follow-up blood cultures in Gram-negative bacteremia, but the impact of this practice on clinical outcomes is not fully understood. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of adult patients admitted with Gram-negative bacteremia over a two year period, to compare outcomes in those with and without follow-up blood cultures obtained. Data collected included demographics, comorbidities and presumed source of bacteremia. White blood cell count and presence of fever or hemodynamic compromise on the day of follow-up blood culture were recorded. The primary objective was to compare 30-day mortality between the two groups. Secondary …
Risk Factors For Community-Acquired Bacterial Infection Among Young Infants In South Asia: A Longitudinal Cohort Study With Nested Case–Control Analysis,
2022
Child Health Research Foundation, Bangladesh
Risk Factors For Community-Acquired Bacterial Infection Among Young Infants In South Asia: A Longitudinal Cohort Study With Nested Case–Control Analysis, Nicholas E. Connor, Mohammad Shahidul Islam, Luke C. Mullany, Nong Shang, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta, Anita K. M. Zaidi, Sajid Bashir Soofi, Muhammad Imran Nisar, Pinaki Panigrahi, Kalpana Panigrahi
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health
Objective: Risk factors predisposing infants to community-acquired bacterial infections during the first 2 months of life are poorly understood in South Asia. Identifying risk factors for infection could lead to improved preventive measures and antibiotic stewardship.
Methods: Five sites in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan enrolled mother-child pairs via population-based pregnancy surveillance by community health workers. Medical, sociodemographic and epidemiological risk factor data were collected. Young infants aged 0-59 days with signs of possible serious bacterial infection (pSBI) and age-matched controls provided blood and respiratory specimens that were analysed by blood culture and real-time PCR. These tests were used to build …
Chronic Cavitary Pulmonary Aspergillosis: An Unusual Cause Of Chronic Cough, Pleuritic Chest Pain, And Hemoptysis In A 24-Year-Old Coal Mine Worker,
2022
Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine
Chronic Cavitary Pulmonary Aspergillosis: An Unusual Cause Of Chronic Cough, Pleuritic Chest Pain, And Hemoptysis In A 24-Year-Old Coal Mine Worker, Emma I. Sherfinski, Emily J. Vore, Mark H. Cooper Md, Phd, Peimei He Md
Marshall Journal of Medicine
Pulmonary Aspergillus infections are caused by the ubiquitous fungus mold when spores found in compost, dust, and plant material are inhaled. Manifestation of the disease is represented by a delicate balance between host and pathogen interactions, making Aspergillus infection more commonly observed in immunocompromised individuals. Chronic cavitary pulmonary aspergillosis (CCPA) is a subtype of pulmonary Aspergillosis associated with history of chronic or prior lung disease. Here we present the case of a non-immunocompromised 24-year-old male with a history of intermittent asthma with chronic pulmonary symptoms and finding of a lung mass on imaging. We describe the diagnostic challenge and surgical …
What? Is Epstein–Barr Virus Infection Linked To Multiple Sclerosis?,
2022
University of Louisville
What? Is Epstein–Barr Virus Infection Linked To Multiple Sclerosis?, Asha Mahajan, Steven B Lippmann
The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections
No abstract provided.
Emergence Of A Multidrug-Resistant And Virulent Streptococcus Pneumoniae Lineage Mediates Serotype Replacement After Pcv13: An International Whole-Genome Sequencing Study,
2022
Wellcome Sanger Institute, United Kingdom
Emergence Of A Multidrug-Resistant And Virulent Streptococcus Pneumoniae Lineage Mediates Serotype Replacement After Pcv13: An International Whole-Genome Sequencing Study, Stephanie W. Lo, Kate Mellor, Robert Cohen, Alba Redin Alonso, Sophie Belman, Narender Kumar, Paulina A. Hawkins, Rebecca A. Gladstone, Sadia Shakoor, Muhammad Imran Nisar
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Background: Serotype 24F is one of the emerging pneumococcal serotypes after the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV). We aimed to identify lineages driving the increase of serotype 24F in France and place these findings into a global context.
Methods: Whole-genome sequencing was performed on a collection of serotype 24F pneumococci from asymptomatic colonisation (n=229) and invasive disease (n=190) isolates among individuals younger than 18 years in France, from 2003 to 2018. To provide a global context, we included an additional collection of 24F isolates in the Global Pneumococcal Sequencing (GPS) project database for analysis. A Global Pneumococcal Sequence Cluster …
Novel Drugs Approved In 2021-2022,
2022
Reading Hospital-Tower Health, West Reading, PA
Novel Drugs Approved In 2021-2022, Michael Do, Bona Shin, Elaina Lioudis, Emaleigh Munn
Transformative Medicine
This article provides an abbreviated overview of the newly Federal Drug Administration (FDA)approved novel drugs of 2021-2022 with their respective approved indication(s). The FDA serves as the governing body that regularly evaluates and approves medications that will eventually be introduced to the market for routine use. These medications include both drugs that are the same or related to previously approved products (e.g., Extended indications of priorly approved medications) and novel drugs. By definition, a novel drug is an innovative product which serves to improve quality care in patient populations with unmet or advanced medical needs to overall advance patient care …
Do You Know The Pathophysiology Of Cytokine Storm During Covid-19?,
2022
University of Louisville
Do You Know The Pathophysiology Of Cytokine Storm During Covid-19?, Shameera Shaik Masthan, Deekshitha Turaka, Ahmed Abdelhaleem, Mounica Vorla, Steven B. Lippmann
The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections
No abstract provided.
Urban Monitoring Of Antimicrobial Resistance During A Covid-19 Surge Through Wastewater Surveillance,
2022
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Urban Monitoring Of Antimicrobial Resistance During A Covid-19 Surge Through Wastewater Surveillance, Anthony Harrington, Van Vo, Katerina Papp, Richard L. Tillett, Ching-Lan Chang, Hayley Baker, Shirley Shen, Amei Amei, Cassius Lockett, Daniel Gerrity, Edwin C. Oh
Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine Faculty Research
During the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, infected patients presented with symptoms similar to bacterial pneumonias and were treated with antibiotics before confirmation of a bacterial or fungal co-infection. We reasoned that wastewater surveillance could reveal potential relationships between reduced antimicrobial stewardship, specifically misprescribing antibiotics to treat viral infections, and the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in an urban community. Here, we analyzed microbial communities and AMR profiles in sewage samples from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and a community shelter in Las Vegas, Nevada during a COVID-19 surge in December 2020. Using a respiratory pathogen and AMR enrichment …
Developing Methods For Testing Inhibition Of E. Coli Strains By Urinary Lactobacilli,
2022
University of Alabama in Huntsville
Developing Methods For Testing Inhibition Of E. Coli Strains By Urinary Lactobacilli, Layla Jeries, Rayan Haque
Summer Community of Scholars Posters (RCEU and HCR Combined Programs)
No abstract provided.
Large Scale Overexpression And Purification Of Taq Dna Polymerase In Escherichia Coli,
2022
University of Alabama in Huntsville
Large Scale Overexpression And Purification Of Taq Dna Polymerase In Escherichia Coli, Christopher San Miguel
Summer Community of Scholars Posters (RCEU and HCR Combined Programs)
No abstract provided.
Characterizing The Serum Resistance Function Of Plasmid-Encoded Virulence Factor Trat,
2022
University of Alabama in Huntsville
Characterizing The Serum Resistance Function Of Plasmid-Encoded Virulence Factor Trat, Chaehee Lim
Summer Community of Scholars Posters (RCEU and HCR Combined Programs)
No abstract provided.
Practical Approaches To Improve Vancomycin-Related Patient Outcomes In Pediatrics- An Alternative Strategy When Auc/Mic Is Not Feasible,
2022
Aga Khan University
Practical Approaches To Improve Vancomycin-Related Patient Outcomes In Pediatrics- An Alternative Strategy When Auc/Mic Is Not Feasible, Kashif Hussain, Muhammad Sohail Salat, Shahzad Rauf, Manoj Rathi, Midhat Khan, Fizzah Naz, Wasif Ahmed Khan, Rahila Ikram, Gul Ambreen
Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences
Background: Anecdotal experience and studies have shown that most pediatric patients fail to reach target therapeutic vancomycin trough levels (VTLs) and required higher total daily doses (TDD). This retrospective study aims to evaluate the frequency of hospitalized children who achieved target VTLs with a vancomycin (VNCO) dosing regimen of 40-60 mg/kg/d q6h and to assess the VNCO-TDD required to attain the target and their effects on clinical outcomes in pediatric patients.
Methods: After ethical approval, patients of 3 month-12 years were evaluated in this chart review study who received ≥ 3 intravenous-VNCO doses and appropriately drawn blood samples of VTLs …
Infection And Transmission Determinants Of Flea-Borne Rickettsioses,
2022
University of South Alabama
Infection And Transmission Determinants Of Flea-Borne Rickettsioses, Hanna J. Laukaitis
Graduate Theses and Dissertations (2019 - present)
The genus Rickettsia is comprised of Gram-negative, obligate intracellular bacteria that are spread by hematophagous arthropods. Elucidating the factors conferring rickettsial virulence has perplexed investigators for decades, complicated by the lack of efficient genetic tools necessary to uncover rickettsial- and vector-specific factors contributing to persistence. The advent of transposon mutagenesis has enabled the field to make vast developments in uncovering novel rickettsial mechanisms utilized in various host backgrounds. Thus, the aim of this study was to generate Rickettsia felis transposon mutants and characterize novel phenotypes associated with genetic disruption in an arthropod background. Distribution of rickettsiae is reliant on the …
Nursing Perspectives And Opinions On Early Or Delayed Sepsis Treatment: A Mixed Methods Approach,
2022
University of Tennessee Health Science Center
Nursing Perspectives And Opinions On Early Or Delayed Sepsis Treatment: A Mixed Methods Approach, Pamela L. Harris
Theses and Dissertations (ETD)
Purpose. Each year at least 1.7 million adults in America develop sepsis. Sepsis can lead to life threatening organ dysfunction, severe hypotension, and death when severe sepsis or septic shock is involved. Sepsis is responsible for 50% of acute kidney injury (AKI), which is the most common form of organ dysfunction seen in critical care. Sepsis associated AKI results in loss of, or decreased renal function, is associated with adverse long-term outcomes, and carries a higher mortality rate than non-septic AKI, sepsis without AKI, or septic shock without AKI. Surviving sepsis guidelines suggests a 1-hour window from the time of …
