Veterinary Medicine Commons^™

Identification Of Common Subpopulations Of Non-Sorbitol-Fermenting, Β-Glucuronidase-Negative Escherichia Coli O157:H7 From Bovine Production Environments And Human Clinical Samples, Zhijie Yang, Joy Kovar, Jaehyoung Kim, Joseph Nietfeldt, David R. Smith, Rodney A. Moxley, Michael E. Olson, Paul D. Fey, Andrew K. Benson

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Non-sorbitol-fermenting, β-glucuronidase-negative Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains are regarded as a clone complex, and populations from different geographical locations are believed to share a recent common ancestor. Despite their relatedness, high-resolution genotyping methods can detect significant genome variation among different populations. Phylogenetic analysis of high-resolution genotyping data from these strains has shown that subpopulations from geographically unlinked continents can be divided into two primary phylogenetic lineages, termed lineage I and lineage II, and limited studies of the distribution of these lineages suggest there could be differences in their propensity to cause disease in humans or to be transmitted to humans. Because …

Seasonality Of Tuberculosis In India: Is It Real And What Does It Tell Us?, Lorna E. Thorpe, Thomas R. Frieden, Kayla F. Laserson, Charles Wells, Gulshan Khatri

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

India has a third of the world’s tuberculosis cases. Large-scale expansion of a national program in 1998 has allowed for population-based analyses of data from tuberculosis registries. We assessed seasonal trends using quarterly reports from districts with stable tuberculosis control programs (population 115 million). In northern India, tuberculosis diagnoses peaked between April and June, and reached a nadir between October and December, whereas no seasonality was reported in the south. Overall, rates of new smear-positive tuberculosis cases were 57 per 100 000 population in peak seasons versus 46 per 100 000 in trough seasons. General health-seeking behavior artifact was ruled …

Cytokines And Synthetic Double-Stranded Rna Augment The T Helper 1 Immune Response Of Swine To Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus, William A. Meier, Robert J. Husmann, William M. Schnitzlein, Fernando A. Osorio, Joan K. Lunney, Federico A. Zuckermann

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Immunization of pigs with a modified live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccine initially elicits a weak interferon (IFN)-γ response. To improve the immune response, an adjuvant consisting of plasmid encoding either porcine interleukin (IL)-12 or IFN-α was co-administered during vaccination. In the presence of either adjuvant, at least a threefold increase in the primary virus-specific IFN-γ response was observed. While this enhancement was only transient (1 week) when the IL-12 expressing plasmid was used, the effect was not only still apparent at 6 weeks after vaccination in the presence of the IFN-α expressing plasmid but even after …

Johne’S Disease, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, And Mycobacterium Paratuberculosis, Ofelia Barletta-Chacon, Luiz E. Bermudez, Raúl G. Barletta

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Johne’s disease is a chronic diarrhea affecting all ruminants. Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), a slowly growing mycobacteria, is the etiologic agent. There is also a concern that MAP might be a causative agent of some cases of inflammatory bowel disease in humans, especially Crohn’s disease. Food products including pasteurized bovine milk have been suggested as potential sources of human infection. This review addresses microbial factors that may contribute to its pathogenicity. In addition, the experimental evidence defining MAP as the cause of Johne’s disease and the issues and controversies surrounding its potential pathogenic role in humans are discussed.

Waccnes Containing Bovine Herpe Svirus 1 Attenuated By Mutation In Latency-Related Gene, Clinton J. Jones

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Vaccines for pathogenic Strains of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) which are based on attenuated BHV-1 having a mutation in the latency-related gene are provided. Live, attenuated vaccines are also provided which express anti gens from other viral or bacterial pathogens and thus form the basis of a variety of vaccines.

West Nile Virus Infection In Reindeer (Rangifer Tarandus), Mitchell V. Palmer, William C. Stoffregen, Douglas G. Rogers, Amir N. Hamir, Juergen A. Richt, Douglas D. Pedersen, W. Ray Waters

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

West Nile virus (WNV) infection in 4 reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) resulted in lymphohistiocytic encephalomyelitis within the medulla oblongata and cervical spinal cord. Immunohistochemistry revealed WNV antigen within neurons and among mononuclear cell infiltrates. These represent the first known cases of clinical WNV infection in Cervidae. Clinical signs and lesions were similar to those described in horses. Nucleotide sequence of a 768-bp region of the WNV E-glycoprotein gene revealed 1 nucleotide mutation, which resulted in a single amino acid substitution from a serine to a glycine (position 227 of E-glycoprotein) when compared with the prototype WNV-NY99 strain (isolated from …

Bovine Tuberculosis In Michigan White-Tailed Deer

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Starting in 1995 hunter harvested, road killed, and other dead deer were examined for bovine TB infection. White-tailed deer in Michigan have since been tested year round for bovine TB. Testing revealed that most of the TB positive animals were located in a core area in the northeastern part of Michigan's Lower Peninsula. The core area is located around the four corners where the counties of Montmorency, Alpena, Oscoda and Alcona meet. Antrim, Crawford, Emmet, Iosco, Mecosta, Osceola, Otsego, Presque Isle, and Roscommon Counties have also had animals test positive for bovine TB.

In the U.S. today, the threat of …

Animal Health Laboratories Service Manual 2004-2005, Department Of Agriculture And Food, Western Australia

Agriculture reports

This service manual is designed to help you, the user of services provided by the Animal Health Laboratories (AHL), to get the most from the laboratories. If you have questions on any matters relating to the AHL services or sample collection, please telephone us. If you need to contact someone regarding AHL services or are unsure of which samples to collect, contact staff at AHL by consulting the directory of key personnel. The section on ‘General Instructions’ contains information required for packaging and submission of samples to AHL. Other sections contain information on the type of sample required for each …

Salmonella In Songbirds

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Salmonella is a type of bacterium found in the gut of many species of birds both domestic and wild. During periods of stress it can cause outbreaks of sickness and death. Its importance in songbird populations generally and the occurrence of outbreaks in this province specifically are discussed in this fact sheet.

Parasites Of Caribou (1): Brain Worm Infestation

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Brain worm is the common name for a disease of caribou that was first recognized in Central Newfoundland in the 1970's and has since been seen in other caribou herds including most recently the caribou of the Southern Avalon. Its more scientific name is Cerebrospinal Elaphostrongylosis (CSE) and is caused by the nematode Elaphostrongylus rangiferi.
Infection can cause severe illness and death in affected animals and has a particularly strong impact on herds that have not been previously exposed to this parasite.
As this is primarily a disease of caribou, there is no direct public health threat to humans. Moose …

Parasites Of Caribou (2): Fly Larvae Infestations

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

All wild animals carry diseases. In some cases these might be of concern if they can spread to humans or domestic animals. In other cases they might be of interest if they impact on the health of our wild herds, or simply because the signs of the disease have been noticed and you want to know more.
This fact sheet is one of a series produced on the common diseases of caribou and covers the larval form of two different flies commonly seen in this province. Neither of these are a cause of public health concern.

Parasites Of Caribou (3): Tapeworm Cysts

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

All wild animals carry diseases. In some cases these might be of concern if they can spread to humans or domestic animals. In other cases, they might be of interest if they impact on the health of our wild herds, or simply if they have been noticed by hunters and you would like to know more.
This fact sheet is one of a series produced on the common diseases of caribou and covers the cyst form of three common tapeworms. Two (Taenia hydatigena and Taenia krabbei) exist on both the island of Newfoundland and in Labrador, while the …

Pesticide Poisoning Of Seagulls

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

In April 2000 a major pesticide leak caused the death and illness of a significant number of wild birds. The findings and conclusions of this die-off are detailed.

Parasites Of The Snowshoe Hare (1): Tapeworm Cysts

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

All wild animals carry diseases. In some cases these might be of concern because they can spread to humans or domestic animals. In other cases they may be of interest simply because the signs of the disease have been seen and you want to know more. Though diseases are relatively common in these animals there is usually an increase in reporting when the hare populations are at a peak. High populations mean that there is an increased chance of one animal infecting another. In addition, when there are too many animals in one area, the amount of available food is …

Agribusiness Sheep Updates - 2004 Part 2, Anyou Liu, Clinton Revell, Phil Nichols, Brad Nutt, Darryl Clements, Lucy Anderton, Stephen Gherardi, Chris Oldham, Paul Sanford, John Gladman, G. E. Donald, A. Edirisinghe, D. A. Henry, S. P. Gittins, R. C. G. Smith, Roy Butler, Kelly Pearce, David Masters, David Pethick, Andrew Thompson, Ken Hart, Johan Greeff, Beth Paganoni, Rachel Kirby, Matt Ryan, Kira Butler, Roger Heggarty, David Hopkins, Samantha Giles, Tom Plaisted, Mark Ferguson, Darren Gordon, John Young, Sandra Brown, Ian Mcfarland, John Archer, John Milton, Rob Davidson, Graeme Martin, David Lindsay, Johnathan England, Mandy Curnow, Karina P. Wood, Ashley K. White, B. Lloyd Davies, Paul M. Carberry, Mark Hyder, Mike Freer, Andrew Van Burgel, Kazue Tanaka, Andrew Peterson, Roger Wiese, Gonzalo Mata, Evan Burt, Amanda Miller, Anne Bennett, Felicity Flugge, Amir Abadi, Perry Dolling, Dean Thomas, Mike Ewing, David Lindsay, Emma Kopke, E. A. Dowling, E. K. Crossley, Brien (Ben) E. Norton, John Karlsson, Geoff Pollott, Diana Fedorenko, Darryl Clements, Robert Beard, Brown Besier, Una Ryan, Caroline Bath

Sheep Updates

Precision Pastures

Using Species Diversity to Improve Pasture Performance Anyou Liu and Clinton Revell, Department of Agriculture, Western Australia

New Annual Pasture Legumes for Sheep Graziers Phil Nichols, Angelo Loi, Brad Nutt and Darryl McClements Department of Agriculture Western Australia

Pastures from Space – Can Satellite Estimates of Pasture Growth Rate be used to Increase Farm Profit? Lucy Anderton, Stephen Gherardi and Chris Oldham Department of Agriculture Western Australia

Summer-active Perennial Grasses for Profitable Sheep Production Paul Sanford and John Gladman, Department of Agriculture, Western Australia

Pastures From Space – Validation Of Predictions Of Pasture Growth Rates DONALD, G.E^{.A …}

Agribusiness Sheep Updates - 2004 - Part 1, Mark Dolling, Len Stephens, David Thomanson, Norm Adams, Shimim Liu, Peter Buchman, Mike Paton, Dianne Evans, John Edwards, Scott Champion, Alan Langford, A. C. Schlink, J. C. Greeff, M. E. Ladyman, Kimbal M. S. Curtis, John Stanton, Stuart Adams, Neal Fogarty, Matthew Kelly, James Skerritt, Ian Mcfarland

Sheep Updates

Proceedings of the Agribusiness Sheep Updates - 2004 Forward Dr Mark Dolling Manager, Sheep Industries and Pasture, Department of Agriculture Western Australia Keynotes Australian Wool Innovation Limited DR LEN STEPHENS AUSTRALIAN WOOL INNOVATION LIMITED (AWI) Commercialisation of Sheepmeat Eating Quality Outcomes, David Thomason, General Manger Marketing Meat & livestock Australia Limited PLENARY The Fitness of the Future Merino, Norm Adams and Shimin Liu, CSIRO Livestock Industries Ovine Johne’s Disease – Managing the Disease, Managing the Issues, PETER BUCKMAN, CHIEF VETERINARY OFFICER, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE WESTERN AUSTRALIA Animal Welfare – Changes in Latitudes Changes in Attitudes, Michael Paton and Dianne Evans, …

Keep Your Cabin Free Of Rodents

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Cabins that have been closed for the winter can become nesting sites for mice, shrews and other rodents. These animals can carry fleas, ticks, viruses or other organisms on their skin, in their droppings or urine. These can cause diseases in humans, especially when you breathe in the dust from their droppings or nesting sites.
Avoid close contact with rodent urine, droppings, nesting materials or with any food or surfaces contaminated with them.
Always wear rubber gloves when handling dead rodents, or when cleaning traps, droppings, nesting sites or other areas that rodents may have visited.

Lyme Disease In Newfoundland

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Lyme Disease, spread by ticks, is an illness affecting both humans and domestic animals. The presence of the bacteria causing this illness was reported for the first time in this province in July 2001. This fact sheet provides details on the disease and its spread.

Neuroanatomical Structure Of The Spinner Dolphin (Stenella Longirostris Orientalis) Brain From Magnetic Resonance Images, Lori Marino, Keith Sudheimer, William A. Mclellan, John I. Johnson

Veterinary Science and Medicine Collection

High-resolution magnetic resonance (MR) images of the brain of an adult spinner dolphin (Stenella longirostris orientalis) were acquired in the coronal plane at 55 antero-posterior levels. From these scans a computergenerated set of resectioned virtual images in the two remaining orthogonal planes was constructed with the use of the VoxelView and VoxelMath (Vital Images, Inc.) programs. Neuroanatomical structures were labeled in all three planes, providing the first labeled anatomical description of the spinner dolphin brain.

Relative Importance Of Heat-Labile Enterotoxin In The Causation Of Severe Diarrheal Disease In The Gnotobiotic Piglet Model By A Strain Of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli That Produces Multiple Enterotoxins, Emil M. Berberov, You Zhou, David H. Francis, Michael A. Scott, Stephen D. Kachman, Rodney A. Moxley

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains that produce multiple enterotoxins are important causes of severe dehydrating diarrhea in human beings and animals, but the relative importance of these enterotoxins in the pathogenesis is poorly understood. Gnotobiotic piglets were used to study the importance of heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) in infection with an ETEC strain that produces multiple enterotoxins. LT^- (ΔeltAB) and complemented mutants of an F4⁺ LT⁺ STb⁺ EAST1⁺ ETEC strain were constructed, and the virulence of these strains was compared in gnotobiotic piglets expressing receptors for F4⁺ fimbria. Sixty percent of the piglets …

Proceedings Of The National Workshop On Footrot, Perth 19-21 August 2003, R K. Mitchell, A R B Higgs, A R. Mercy

Agriculture reports

The financial support of Australian Wool Innovation Ltd (AWI) made it possible for representatives of a range of organisations from across Australia to meet and review ovine footrot. This national workshop held in Perth in August 2003, was the first of its kind for several years and brought together senior researchers, policy makers and producers from all States. The workshop provided an opportunity for the varied approach to footrot control across Australia to be considered in terms of a national approach to footrot control and also for individual States to review their current strategies in the light of experiences in …

Hantavirus In Deer Mice

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Hantaviruses are a group of viruses recently identified in North America as being a risk for human health. The importance of these viruses and the facts on their presence in Newfoundland are discussed.

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Eradication Project: 2004 Activities Report And Conference Proceedings

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

On June 9 and 10, 2004, the State of Michigan and U.S. Department of Agriculture hosted the eighth annual Bovine Tuberculosis (TB) Conference, with guest speakers from Georgia, Colorado, Iowa, New York and two Canadian provinces. Our guests came together from across North America to receive policy updates and share the latest scientific data and innovative research on bovine TB.

Among other things, the speakers shared insight on: the promotion of biosecurity; the $30 million annual costs of TB eradication in New Zealand; the latest research in new and improved blood tests; and the first season results of the Michigan …

Ileocolitis Associated With Anaerobiospirillum In Cats, H. E. V. De Cock, S. L. Marks, B. A. Stacy, T. S. Zabka, J. Burkitt, G. Lu, David J. Steffen, Gerald E. Duhamel

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Ileocolitis associated with spiral bacteria identified as an Anaerobiospirillum sp. was found in six cats. Two cats had acute onset of gastrointestinal signs characterized by vomiting and diarrhea in one cat and vomiting in another cat, one cat had chronic diarrhea that was refractory to medical therapy; one cat had acute onset of anorexia and lethargy, and two cats had clinical signs that were not related to the gastrointestinal tract. The presence of an Anaerobiospirillum sp. was demonstrated on the basis of ultrastructural morphology of spiral bacteria associated with intestinal lesions and PCR amplification of a genus-specific 16S rRNA gene …

Ecg Quiz, Chollada Buranakarl, Kris Angkanaporn

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

No abstract provided.

The Function Of The Oviduct In Relation To Sperm Transport And Capacitation In Swine, Paisan Tienthai

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

In the pig, sperm transport is regulated, to facilitate normal fertilization of the ovulated oocytes, by the oviduct which contains a particular segment, the sperm reservoir. The main function of the sperm reservoir is to ensure that stored spermatozoa have maintained viability and fertilizing capacity. The process of sperm capacitation is delayed in the sperm reservoir, during the lengthy pre-ovulatory estrus by interactions between the spermatozoa, the oviduct epithelium and secretion products. Sperm capacitation seems to be facilitated by the tubal fluid in the upper segment of the oviduct releasing sperm from the reservoir in relation to the time of …

Pcr-Rflp Analysis In An Open Reading Frame 5 Of Variants Of Prrsv Isolated In Thailand, Nusara Punprapa, Anudep Rungsipipat, Amornrat Tatsanakit, Piya Wongyanin, Roongroje Thanawongnuwech

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Ten selected Thai isolates of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) were amplified in an open reading frame 5 by a reverse, transcriptase, polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and cut with restriction enzymes: MluI, HincII, SacII and HaeIII for the US genotype and PstI, HaeII and ClaI for the EU genotype. None of the field isolates had a similar cutting pattern when compared to modified live virus vaccines, however, several cutting patterns were obtained from this study. The results suggested that genetic variation was present among the Thai isolates, even within the same genotype. The variations may be the result …

The Effect Of Parity Number, Body Condition Score, Backfat Thickness And Weaning To Oestrus Interval On The Time Of Ovulation In Sows, Woravit Anuvongnukroh, Chaowaphan Yinharnmingmongkol, Sutthatip Punieam, Padet Tummaruk, Annop Kunavongkrit

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The present study was performed to study the time of ovulation in 53 weaned sows, by using real time B-mode ultrasonography and to study the influence of parity, body condition score, backfat thickness and weaning-to-oestrus interval on the time of ovulation. The study revealed that ultrasound B mode successfully determined the time of ovulation in 37 sows. Parity number, weaning-to-oestrus interval and oestrus duration influenced the ovulation time, whereas backfat thickness and body condition score was not correlated with either the ovulation time or the duration of oestrus.

Proceedings Of The 6th Chulalongkorn University Veterinary Annual Conference 20-21 May 2004, Piyarat Chansiripornchai

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

No abstract provided.

Physiological Reactions Of Poultry To Heat Stress And Methods To Reduce Its Effects On Poultry Production, Narongsak Chaiyabutr

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Thermal environment is regarded as the prime factor governing the production because, both the feed consumption and heat production are related closely to the thermal environment. Therefore, heat stress is caused by a combination of environmental and animal factors that result in reduced performance as the animal attempts to cool itself. In this review, the physiological reactions of bodily functions during heat exposure in poultry are described. Thermal panting, the marked response of poultry to heat stress, is compensatory behavior to permit a high rate of evaporative cooling from the respiratory tract. Cardiorespiratory responses to thermal stress show different patterns …