Veterinary Medicine Commons^™

Tactics For Identifying And Eliminating Tritrichomonas Foetus From Infected Beef Herds, Jeff D. Ondrak

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The protozoan, Tritrichomonas foetus (TF), has been recognized as a cause of bovine infertility for more than 100 years (Skirrow and BonDurant, 1988). As an obligate parasite of the bovine reproductive tract its control and eradication seems achievable (Harding, 1950). However, this disease continues to trouble United States cattle producers and a recent epidemic in the Western US has lead to increased interest in research and regulatory efforts (Cima, 2009). Outbreak investigations were carried out on three Nebraska ranches to assess the efficiency of currently available diagnostic tests, culture, gel polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and real time PCR (rtPCR), in …

Mechanisms Of The Extreme Sensitivity Of Turkeys To Aflatoxin B1, Sumit Rawal

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The pathogenesis of hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic actions of the mycotoxin aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) involves initial bioactivation by microsomal cytochrome P450s (P450) to a reactive and electrophilic intermediate, exo-aflatoxin B1-8,9-epoxide (exo-AFBO). Poultry, especially turkeys, are extremely sensitive to AFB1, a condition associated with efficient epoxidation by P450s. The purpose of this research was to 1) discover and characterize the P450s in turkey liver responsible for AFB1 bioactivation, and 2) determine the relative importance of these P450s in turkey liver.

Initial investigations led to the discovery of CYP1A5. We then identified CYP3A37, a human CYP3A4 homologue from turkey liver, …

Spontaneous Feline Mammary Intraepithelial Lesions As A Model For Human Estrogen Receptor- And Progesterone Receptor-Negative Breast Lesions, Giovanni P. Burrai, Sulma Mohammed, Margaret A. Miller, Vincenzo Marras, Salvatore Pirino, Maria F. Addis, Sergio Uzzau, Elisabetta Antuofermo

Department of Comparative Pathobiology Faculty Publications

Background: Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women. Intraepithelial lesions (IELs), such as usual ductal hyperplasia (UH), atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH), and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) are risk factors that predict a woman’s chance of developing invasive breast cancer. Therefore, a comparative study that establishes an animal model of pre-invasive lesions is needed for the development of preventative measures and effective treatment for both mammary IELs and tumors. The purpose of this study was to characterize the histologic and molecular features of feline mammary IELs and compare them with those in women. Methods: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens …

Federal Order -- Bovine Tuberculosis: Requirements Applicable To Accredited-Free And Modified Accredited Advanced States Or Zones

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

Traditionally, APHIS has encouraged producers to voluntarily depopulate tuberculosis-affected herds to eliminate sources of infection. In accordance with the regulations in 9 CFR 77.7(c), an accredited-free State or zone in which a tuberculosis-affected herd is detected is reclassified to a lower status unless the herd is depopulated and an epidemiologic investigation is completed within 90 days of the detection and finds no evidence that the disease has spread. An accredited-free State or zone is also reclassified to a lower status if two or more affected herds are detected within the State or zone within a 48-month period. The current regulations …

Whole-Genome Snp Association In The Horse: Identification Of A Deletion In Myosin Va Responsible For Lavender Foal Syndrome, Samantha A. Brooks, Nicole Gabreski, Donald Miller, Abra Brisbin, Helen E. Brown, Cassandra Streeter, Jason Mezey, Deborah Cook, Douglas F. Antczak

Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

Lavender Foal Syndrome (LFS) is a lethal inherited disease of horses with a suspected autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. LFS has been primarily diagnosed in a subgroup of the Arabian breed, the Egyptian Arabian horse. The condition is characterized by multiple neurological abnormalities and a dilute coat color. Candidate genes based on comparative phenotypes in mice and humans include the ras-associated protein RAB27a (RAB27A) and myosin Va (MYO5A). Here we report mapping of the locus responsible for LFS using a small set of 36 horses segregating for LFS. These horses were genotyped using a newly available single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) …

Questions And Answers: Bovine Tuberculosis Federal Order

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

Questions:

What does the Federal Order do?
To whom does the Federal Order apply?
What does the Federal Order mean for me as a producer in an accredited free State/zone?
What does the Federal Order mean for me as a producer in a modified accredited advanced State/ zone?
What does the Federal Order mean for me as a producer in a modified accredited, accreditation preparatory, or nonaccredited State/zone?
What does the Federal Order mean for me as a producer in a modified accredited, accreditation preparatory, or nonaccredited State/zone?
When does the Federal Order take effect?
How long does the Federal …

Animal Health Matters, Russ Daly, David H. Zeman

Animal Health MATTERS Newsletter

[Page] 1- Iraqi Veterinarian Brings Veterinary-and Life-Experiences to ADRDL [Page] 2- Director's Message — Tomorrow’s Veterinarians and the NAVMEC [Page] 2- Veterinarians with Current USDA Accreditation: Note Program Changes [Page] 4- The Virology Section at SDSU’s ADRDL [Page] 5- Fish Health and Diagnostics Update Pieces and Parts [Page] 6- VSD Faculty Members Honored at SDSU Faculty Recognition Event [Page] 6- ADRDL Assists AIB in Bovine Tuberculosis Diagnostics [Page] 6- 2010 Bailey Herd Health Conference a Success [Page] 6- Faculty Members Attend “Animal Welfare in Veterinary Education and Research” Symposium [Page] 7- Calf Scours Submission Reminders [Page] 7- Calendar of Events

Role Of All Of The Prrsv Glycoproteins In Protective Immune Response, Asit K. Pattnaik

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) contains the major glycoprotein, GP5, as well as three other minor glycoproteins, namely, GP2a, GP3, and GP4, on the virion envelope, all of which are required for generation of infectious virions. To study their interactions amongst each other and with the cellular receptor for PRRSV, we have cloned each of the viral glycoproteins and CD163 receptor in expression vectors and examined their expression and interaction with each other in transfected cells by co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) assay using monospecific antibodies. Our results show that strong interaction exists between GP4 and GP5 proteins, although weak interactions …

Hair Whorls In The Dog (Canis Familiaris), Part Ii: Asymmetries, Lisa M. Tomkins, Paul Mcgreevy

Anatomy Collection

In horses and cattle, hair whorls have been shown to act as a structural marker of reactivity and behavioral lateralization. Few studies on canine whorls have been reported and none have assessed whorl position or direction of flow. This study describes the distribution and characteristics of whorl in each of 10 regions in which whorls are typically located in dogs. Hair whorls were assessed in dogs (n = 120) and were recorded as clockwise or counterclockwise in the cephalic, cervical (dorsal, lateral, ventral), thoracic and brachial axillary, chest, shoulders, elbows, abdominal, and ischiatic regions. Bilateral whorls, including brachial axillary, elbow, …

Studies Of Oestrogen And Progesterone Receptors In Reproductive Organs Of Prepubertal Gilts With Reproductive Disturbance, Sayamon Srisuwatanasagul, Padet Tummaruk, Annop Kunavongkrit

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The present study aims to study the localization of steroid receptor, oestrogen receptor alpha and progesterone receptor by immunohistochemical technique in the reproductive organs of prepubertal culling gilts with reproductive disturbance. The genital organs from 20 culled gilts before puberty were collected. Historical data, reasons of culling and the macroscopic lesions of the reproductive tracts were recorded. The results of immunohistochemistry revealed that the expression of ER and PR was lower in prepubertal gilts with reproductive lesion compared to normal gilts. However, a significant difference was found only in some compartments of the cervix and uterus. In the cervix, a …

The Use Of Computer-Assisted Sperm Analysis For Discriminating Series Of Motility Pattern Of Frozen-Thawed Boar Semen, Chanyuth Tretipskul, Kakanang Buranaamnuay, Seri Koonjaenak, Padet Tummaruk, Mongkol Techakumphu

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) was initiated to reduce subjective bias on the motility assessment and to discriminate a series of motility patterns of boar semen. The objectives of this present study were to evaluate the motility pattern of frozen-thawed boar semen at 0 and 60 min after thawing using CASA. Forty one ejaculates from Landrace (n=14), Yorkshire (n=12) and Duroc (n=15) boars were cryopreserved and included in the experiment. The semen was thawed at 37°C for 30 sec. The post-thawed sperm qualities including subjective motility, plasma membrane integrity and motility pattern were determined immediately after thawing (T0) and at 60 …

Toxicity Testing Of Flowers Of Neem Tree (Azadirachta Indica A. Juss), Piengchai Kupradinun, Anong Tepsuwan, Nopsarun Tanthasri, Nuntana Meesiripan, Sirirat Tunsakul, Warayupa Tompat, Yaninee Jarratwisarutporn, Wannee R. Kusamran

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Flowers of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) possess a strong cancer chemopreventive potential in rats as well as antimicronucleus formation in mice. However, toxicity testing has never been evaluated. This study was aimed to determine its acute and subacute toxicities in Wistar rats. Acute toxicity was conducted by feeding methanol extract of neem flowers (MENF) suspending in 20% propylene glycol at 6, 9 and 12 g/kg bw. On the other hand, subacute toxicity testing was carried out by feeding MENF suspending in 0.5% tragacanth at 150, 750 and 1,500 mg/kg bw for 90 consecutive days. Hematology, blood chemistry and histopathology …

Effect Of Amoxicillin On Biogas Production And The Eschericia Coli Population In Biogas Systems Treating Swine Wastewater, Chackrit Nuengjamnong, Pichaya Rachdawong, Thongchai Chalermchaikit

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The effect of amoxicillin concentrations (0, 200 and 400 ppm) on biogas production and the Eschericia coli population in lab-scale biogas systems treating swine wastewater was examined. Three anaerobic fermentation reactors (with an available volume of 25 l), containing wastewater collected from a swine farm and free from antibiotics, were operated for eight weeks. After eight weeks, the cumulative yields of biogas and methane in the control group (0 ppm) were the highest (11,563 ml of biogas and 542 ml of methane, as 100%). The cumulative biogas yields in the group 1 (400 ppm) and group 2 (200 ppm) decreased …

Unilateral Polydactylism In A German Holstein-Friesian Calf - A Case Report, Bianca Carstanjen, Juliane Pennecke, Sara Boehart, Kerstin E. Müller

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

This case report describes the diagnosis and surgical treatment of unilateral polydactylism of unknown origin in a calf. A six-week-old female German Holstein-Friesian calf was referred to the clinic with a hyperflexion of the fetlock and carpal joints of the right forelimb, associated with two surplus digits in the same leg, which was confirmed by radiographic examination. Surgery consisted of an osteotomy of the second metacarpal bone, a disarticulation in the antebrachiocarpal joint of the additional limb combined with an amputation of both odd digits. The follow-up of 12 months revealed a functionally sound heifer showing a good cosmetic outcome.

Avian Polyomavirus Infection In Non-Budgerigar Psittacine Birds In Thailand - A Case Report, Thanongsak Mamom, Prasit Dumrongsoonthornchai, Ladda Trongwongsa

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

One sick 4-week-old Eclectus (Eclectus roratus) and two carcasses of 3-week-old Macaws (Ara macao) from a bird farm near Bangkok were submitted in July 2009 for investigation. Necropsy revealed multifocal hemorrhages at subcutaneous tissue, heart, liver and bursa of Fabricius. The most prominent findings were hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. Histopathologic examination showed severe splenic necrosis with presence of homogeneous pale basophilic intranuclear inclusion body in splenic periarteriolar sheath cells. The liver showed severe necrosis with occasionally intranuclear inclusion body in sinusoid-lining cells. Intranuclear inclusion bodies were detected in mesangial cells, epithelium of collecting tubules and papillary ducts of kidney and mesenchymal …

Ecg Quiz, Chollada Buranakarl, Kris Angkanaporn, Sirilak Disatian, Winai Chansaisakorn, Piyasiri Glangosol

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

No abstract provided.

Ultrasound Diagnosis, Phiwipha Kamonrat

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

No abstract provided.

Efficacy Of Infectious Bursal Disease Vaccine In Broiler Chickens Receiving Different Vaccination Programs, Chatchai Sarachai, Niwat Chansiripornchai, Jiroj Sasipreeyajan

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of 3 infectious bursal disease vaccination programs in commercial broiler chickens. One hundred and forty, 1-day-old female broiler chickens were divided into 4 groups of 35 chickens each. Groups 1-3 were vaccinated with infectious bursal disease (IBD) vaccine via oral administration at 1, 1 and 16, and 16-day-old, respectively. Group 4 served as a positive control group. Body weight, sera collection, bursa: body weight (B:BW) ratios and histopathological lesion scores (HLS) were evaluated at 16, 30 and 40-day-old. All the chickens in groups 1 to 4 were challenged with IBD …

Morphological Changes And Infiltration Of Immune Cells In The Endometrium Of Anoestrus Gilt In Relation To The Ovarian Appearance And Serum Progesterone, Yuttapol Teamsuwan, Kampon Kaeoket, Paisan Tienthai, Padet Tummaruk

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The present study investigates morphological changes and distribution of the leukocyte subpopulation in the endometrium of anoestrus gilts in relation to reproductive cycles and serum progesterone (P4). Selected genital organs from 30 gilts culled due to anoestrus were examined. The genital organs were classified according to the ovarian appearance into 3 groups, i.e. inactive (n = 10); follicular (n = 10); and luteal phase (n = 10). Blood samples were collected prior to slaughter to determine serum P4. Seven tissue samples were randomly collected from the uteri of the gilts and were examined for histological structures, i.e. epithelial types and …

Avian Influenza Virus (H5n1) Inactivation By Binary Ethylenimine, Chatchai Sarachai, Jiroj Sasipreeyajan, Niwat Chansiripornchai

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Avian influenza virus (AIV) subtype H5N1 is known as a highly pathogenic agent for man and various kinds of animals, especially avian species. Herein, AIV H5N1 was inactivated by binary ethylenimine (BEI), an aziridine compound, produced from 2-bromoethylamine hydrobromide. BEI was used at concentrations of 0.001 and 0.01 M for AIV inactivation. At the lower concentration (0.001 M), AIV could be inactivated within 24 hr. At the higher concentration (0.01 M), AIV could be inactivated within 6 hr. After inactivation, no hemagglutination activity had been found meaning that AIV had been completely inactivated.

Cloned Asian Elephant (Elephas Maximus) Embryos Reconstructed From Rabbit Recipient Oocytes, Mongkol Techakumphu, Ruttachuk Rungsiwiwut, Pranee Numchaisrika, Ampika Thongphakdee

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The information about reproductive biology, especially embryo development of Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) generated from naturally fertilization is lacking. In the present study, somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) was applied as an alternative way to produce the elephant embryos. The fibroblasts derived from ear skin of Asian elephant and rabbit were used as the donor cells and rabbit oocytes were used as the recipient cytoplasm. The objectives of the study were 1) to find the optimal conditions for fusion and activation by using electrical pulses (experiment I) and 2) to investigate the in vitro development of cloned Asian elephant in …

The 40th Anniversary Of The Thai Journal Of Veterinary Medicine, Songkram Luangtongkum

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

No abstract provided.

Ophthalmology Snapshot, Nalinee Tuntivanich

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

No abstract provided.

What Is Your Diagnosis, Pranee Tuntivanich, Suwicha Chuthatep

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

No abstract provided.

Cell-Type Specific Distribution Of Chloride Transporters In The Rat Suprachiasmatic Nucleus, Michael A. Belenky, Patricia J. Sollars, David B. Mount, Seth L. Alper, Yosef Yarom, Gary E. Pickard

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is a circadian oscillator and biological clock. Cell-to-cell communication is important for synchronization among SCN neuronal oscillators and the great majority of SCN neurons use γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) as a neurotransmitter, the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult central nervous system. Acting via the ionotropic GABAA receptor, a chloride ion channel, GABA typically evokes inhibitory responses in neurons via Cl− influx. Within the SCN GABA evokes both inhibitory and excitatory responses although the mechanism underlying GABA-evoked excitation in the SCN is unknown. GABA-evoked depolarization in immature neurons in several regions of the brain is a function …

Hair Whorls In The Dog (Canisfamiliaris). I. Distribution, Lisa M. Tomkins, Paul Mcgreevy

Anatomy Collection

Hair whorl characteristics were assessed in the domestic dog (Canis familiaris) in the regions of cephalic, cervical (dorsal, ventral, and lateral), thoracic and brachial axillary regions, the chest, shoulders, elbows, ventral abdominal region, and on the caudal thighs (ischiatic). They were classified as simple or tufted, and their position was recorded as the distance between their centers and bony landmarks within each region. The distribution of whorls was explored in a cohort of domestic dogs (N = 120) comprising a variety of breeds and cross‐breeds, sourced from shelters (N = 60) and the general public (N = 60). …

The Duration Of The Effects Of Repeated Widespread Badger Culling On Cattle Tuberculosis Following The Cessation Of Culling, Helen E. Jenkins, Rosie Woodroffe, Christl A. Donnelly

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

Background: In the British Isles, control of cattle tuberculosis (TB) is hindered by persistent infection of wild badger (Meles meles) populations. A large-scale field trial—the Randomised Badger Culling Trial (RBCT)—previously showed that widespread badger culling produced modest reductions in cattle TB incidence during culling, which were offset by elevated TB risks for cattle on adjoining lands. Once culling was halted, beneficial effects inside culling areas increased, while detrimental effects on adjoining lands disappeared. However, a full assessment of the utility of badger culling requires information on the duration of culling effects.

Methodology/Principal Findings: We monitored cattle TB incidence in and …

Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus Nonstructural Protein 1Β Modulates Host Innate Immune Response By Antagonizing Irf3 Activation, Lalit Beura, Saumendra Sarkar, Byungjoon Kwon, Sakthivel Subramaniam, Clinton J. Jones, Asit K. Pattnaik, Fernando A. Osorio

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection of swine leads to a serious disease characterized by a delayed and defective adaptive immune response. It is hypothesized that a suboptimal innate immune response is responsible for the disease pathogenesis. In the study presented here we tested this hypothesis and identified several nonstructural proteins (NSPs) with innate immune evasion properties encoded by the PRRS viral genome. Four of the total ten PRRSV NSPs tested were found to have strong to moderate inhibitory effects on beta interferon (IFN-β) promoter activation. The strongest inhibitory effect was exhibited by NSP1 followed by, NSP2, NSP11, …

The Minor Envelope Glycoproteins Gp2a And Gp4 Of Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus Interact With The Receptor Cd163, Phani B. Das, Phat X. Dinh, Israrul H. Ansari, Marcelo De Lima, Fernando A. Osorio, Asit K. Pattnaik

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) contains the major glycoprotein, GP5, as well as three other minor glycoproteins, namely, GP2a, GP3, and GP4, on the virion envelope, all of which are required for generation of infectious virions. To study their interactions with each other and with the cellular receptor for PRRSV, we have cloned each of the viral glycoproteins and CD163 receptor in expression vectors and examined their expression and interaction with each other in transfected cells by coimmunoprecipitation (co-IP) assay using monospecific antibodies. Our results show that a strong interaction exists between the GP4 and GP5 proteins, although …

An Investigation Of Humeral Stress Fractures In Racing Thoroughbreds Using A 3d Finite Element Model In Conjunction With A Bone Remodeling Algorithm, Ryan James Moore

Master's Theses

The humerus of a racing horse Thoroughbred is highly susceptible to stress fractures at a characteristic location as a result of cyclic loading. The propensity of a Thoroughbred to exhibit humeral fracture has made equines useful models in the epidemiology of stress fractures. In this study, a racing Thoroughbred humerus was simulated during training using a 3D finite element model in conjunction with a bone remodeling algorithm. Nine muscle forces and two contact forces were applied to the 3-dimensional finite element model, which contains four separate load cases representing fore-stance, mid-stance, aft-stance, and standing. Four different training programs were incorporated …