Veterinary Medicine Commons^™

In Situ Degradation Of Almond (Prunus Dulcis L.) Hulls, A Potential Feed Material For Ruminants, Saeid Jafari, Alireza Alizadeh, Ali Imni, Goh Yong Meng, Mohamed Ali Rajion, Mahdi Ebrahimi

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The nutritive values of almond hulls (Ahs), alfalfa (ALF), and sugar beet pulp (SBP) were determined using the in situ nylon bag technique. The ruminal dry matter (DM) degradation kinetics of 4 varieties of Ahs were compared with ALF and SBP. The almond varieties tested were Rabbi (RAB), Mamaii (MAM), Shahrud 15 (SH15), and Shokufe (SH). Samples were incubated in triplicate at 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h in 3 rumen-fistulated steers. The average total degradability fraction (TDF) of DM in Ahs was 89.00%. Although the TDF of Ahs (86.50%) was lower than that of …

The Prediction Of The Prevalence And Risk Factors For Subclinical Heifermastitis In Turkish Dairy Farms, Ayhan Baştan, Seçki̇n Salar, Mehmet Cengi̇z, İsfendi̇yar Darbaz, Mürşi̇de Ayşe Demi̇rel, Doğukan Özen

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors for subclinical heifer mastitis and to create a model that can predict the prevalence of subclinical mastitis of pregnant heifers in farms in Turkey. Lacteal secretion samples were taken from 439 pregnant (6-9 months) heifers and bacteriological analyses were performed. In this study, 37.47% of the samples were determined to be infected. In lacteal secretion samples, the isolation rate of coagulase-negative staphylococci and Staphylococcus aureus was 44.83% and 35.71%, respectively. The incidence of mastitis was calculated as 42.87 ± 4.12%. An eight-question survey was conducted. Using the data collected, …

Macroanatomical Characteristics Of Plexus Brachialis And Its Branches In Martens (Martes Foina), Yasi̇n Demi̇raslan, Mevlüt Aykut, Özcan Özgel

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The purpose of this study was to determine the macroanatomical characteristics of nerves forming the plexus brachialis and originating from plexus in beech martens. A total of 6 beech martens (3 males and 3 females) that died in traffic accidents and were brought to Mehmet Akif Ersoy University's Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Anatomy on various dates were used in this study. Nerves forming the plexus brachialis and originating from this plexus in martens were dissected and their results were recorded. According to the obtained results, it was observed that the plexus brachialis in beech martens was composed of …

Significance Of Homocysteine And Cardiac Markers In Cattle With Hypocalcemia, Yildiray Başbuğan, Nazmi̇ Yüksek, Nuri̇ Altuğ

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study aimed to determine the levels of homocysteine and cardiac markers in cows with hypocalcemia. This research was conducted with a total of 20 cows, including 10 with hypocalcemia and 10 healthy controls. Hypocalcemia was diagnosed by determining low blood calcium (Ca) levels, and a standard hypocalcemia treatment was initiated in those cows with the disease. Blood samples were taken before the treatment and again 12 h after the treatment, and there was no significant difference in the homocysteine levels between the groups. Ca, ionized calcium (Ica), magnesium (Mg), and phosphorus (P) levels were lower, while cardiac troponin I …

The Effect Of Oxytocin And Prostaglandin Hormones Added Tosemen On Stallion Sperm Quality, Çi̇ğdem Çebi̇ Şen, Ergun Akçay

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) and oxytocin have been used to improve reproductive performance in many mammalian species, including humans. The aim of the present study was to determine their effects on sperm quality when extended stallion semen was enriched with PGF2α or oxytocin. In this study, 16 healthy adult stallions, each 15-22 years old, were used. Five ejaculates from each stallion were collected with an artificial vagina during breeding season. Thereafter, gel-free semen was divided into 7 aliquots and diluted with an INRA96 semen extender. The following different treatments were evaluated: 3 with only PGF2α (10, 20, and 40 μg/mL) and …

Sow Fertility After Insemination With Varying Doses Of Volume And Spermatozoa Count, Jelena Apic, Slobodanka Vakanjac, Ivan Stancic, Ivan Radovic, Stoja Jotanovic, Zdenko Kanacki, Branislav Stankovic

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of the present study was to investigate the possibility of increasing boar's reproductive exploitation by using AI doses of doubly reduced volume and sperm count in the intrauterine AI procedure. The experiment was conducted at a commercial pig farm in Serbia in 2014. Classic intracervical insemination (ICI) was performed by using 50 mL or 100 mL volume doses containing 4 × 109 or 2 × 109 progressively motile spermatozoa. The same volumes and sperm numbers per dose were used with intrauterine insemination (IUI). Each dose combination was used to inseminate 30 sows. Intrauterine insemination with AI doses of …

Effects Of Probiotics, Oligosaccharides, And Berberine Combinationson Growth Performance Of Pigs, Guoge Fan, Juan Chang, Qingqiang Yin, Xiao Wang, Xiaowei Dang

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In order to find alternative feed additives to replace antibiotics for safe animal production, combinations of probiotics, oligosaccharides, and berberine were used in this study. Ninety 60-day-old pigs were assigned to 9 groups, with 10 pigs for each group. Group 1 was the control, group 2 had antibiotics added, and groups 3-9 had different levels of combinations added. The experimental period was 60 days. The results indicated that average daily gain and feed conversion ratio had no significant differences among the 9 groups (P > 0.05); however, the diarrhea rates in the control group and the high probiotic groups with low …

Seroepidemiological Survey Of Leptospiral Infection In Stray Dogs In Serbia, Dragica Vojinovic, Natasa Bogicevic, Ana Vasic, Marija Manic, Milica Elezovic Radovanovic, Dragan Rogozarski, Jovan Maric, Miroslav Valcic

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Leptospirosis is a bacterial zoonosis with worldwide distribution. This disease is facilitated among stray dogs due to their lifestyle and the absence of immunoprophylaxis. The aim of the present study was to provide serological data on the presence of certain serovars of Leptospira spp., which are assumed to circulate in the population of stray dogs in Serbia. During a period of 3 years (from April 2010 to June 2013), 1045 canine sera originating from 11 shelters were submitted to the laboratory of the Department of Infectious Animal Diseases and Diseases of Bees, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Belgrade. A microscopic agglutination …

Development And Validation Of Sandwich Quantitative Elisa Prototypebased On The Bovine Ifng For The Detection Of Cellular Immunity, Oktay Genç, Özlem Büyüktanir, Gülnur Serdar, Yunus Kiliçoğlu, Sali̇h Otlu

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Immunodiagnostic tests based on in vitro enzymatic methods are mostly preferred to in vivo methods for the detection of cellular immunity due to their cost, applicability, repeatability, and higher sensitivity. Therefore, the development of a quantitative sandwich ELISA prototype detecting bovine IFNg (bIFNg) was planned. In this study, two clone originated monoclonal antibodies were used for capturing the plates, and biotin conjugated monoclonal Ab was used as a secondary antibody in sandwich ELISA. Different approaches such as inter- and intraassay precision and dilution parallelism were evaluated for test validation. The correlation of coefficient variation that is over 95% and 5% …

Effects Of Duck Feed Supplemented With Invasive Giant Salvinia(Salvinia Molesta) On Duck Meat Characteristics, Bambang Dwiloka, Agus Setiadi, Siswanto Imam Santoso, Edjeng Suprijatna, Siti Susanti

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The present work was designed to study the potency of Salvinia molesta (SM) as feedstuff influencing meat characteristics in ducks for the first time. Therefore, the study aimed to evaluate the effects of fermented (FSM) and nonfermented (NFSM) SM powder as a duck feed supplement on the lipid composition (fat, total cholesterol, LDL, and HDL levels) and fatty acid profile of duck meat, as well as its protein and water content. This study included eighty 4-week-old ducks, which were assigned at random to 2 groups based on treatment: basal diets (control) and supplementation with SM (15% NFSM, 15% FSM, 17.5% …

Correlation Between The Milk Vein Internal Diameter Surface Andmilk Yield In Simmental Cows, Damjan Gracner, Gerard Gilligan, Nickholas Garvey, Luis Moreira, Patricia Harvey, Amanda Tierney, Robert Zobel

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

It is known that milk production is directly correlated with the blood flow through the mammary gland, and milk veins drain approximately 90% of the total blood passing through this organ. The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between milk vein internal diameter surface and milk production in Simmental cows. The milk vein internal diameter was measured by ultrasonography in heifers during the 2nd month of the first gravidity, and again on day 50 following the second calving. After the application of exclusion criteria, the internal vein diameter surface area was mathematically calculated (mm2) for a …

Evaluation Of The Genetic Resistance Status To Classical And Atypicalscrapie In Karacabey Merino Rams, Yalçin Yaman, Mehmet İhsan Soysal, Cemal Ün

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Scrapie, the oldest prion disease of sheep, has two types: classical and atypical scrapie. It was determined that some nucleotide polymorphisms in the PrP coding gene have affected classical and atypical scrapie susceptibility. Consequently, EU member states have established breeding programs aiming to increase genetic resistance of their flocks to classical scrapie. These breeding programs have primarily been implemented in economically important breeds. Thus, we investigated classical and atypical scrapie related PrP genotypes of the Karacabey merino breed, which is of great economic importance in western regions of Turkey. In relation to classical scrapie, three alleles (ARR, ARQ, and VRQ) …

Vitrification Of In Vitro-Produced Bovine Embryos Matured Inmodified Tcm-199 Medium, Asi̇ye İzem Sandal, Özen Banu Özdaş

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In vitro-produced bovine embryos matured in modified Tissue Culture Medium 199 (TCM-199) were vitrified at the 7th and 8th days of culture, and development at 48 h after warming was recorded. Ovaries were obtained from a local abattoir, and the oocytes were recovered by slicing method and divided into two main groups. The first group included cysteamine in the TCM-199 (Group A) and the second did not (Group B). They were incubated for 24 h at 38.8 °C in an atmosphere of 5% CO2 in humidified air. Matured oocytes were fertilized with 1-2 × 106/mL of frozen-thawed bull semen. At …

Whey Protein Content And Fatty Acids Profile In Milk Of Cows Used In Intensiveand Conventional Production Systems With Regard To Stage Of Lactation, Aneta Brodziak, Jolanta Król, Zygmunt Litwinczuk

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to evaluate the content of whey proteins and fatty acids profile in milk of cows used in intensive and conventional systems with regard to stage of lactation. For 1846 milk samples the content of total protein, fat and selected whey proteins, and fatty acids profile were analyzed. It was found that stage of lactation had a significant influence on the content of whey proteins in milk of cows from the two production systems. The biggest significant (P ≤ 0.01) differences were observed in lactoferrin concentration, especially in milk of cows used in the conventional …

The First Report Of Eucoleus Dispar (Nematoda: Capillariidae) Inthe Common Buzzard (Buteo Buteo) In Turkey, Di̇nçer Yildiz, Emi̇ne Ümran Bozkurt Büyükçopur, Murat Erdem Gülti̇ken, Kader Yildiz

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

A common buzzard (Buteo buteo) was brought to the Department of Anatomy, Kırıkkale University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, following its death from trauma. The tongue of the buzzard was processed for routine histology and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. A curled Eucoleus dispar and its eggs, embedded in the dorsal epithelium of the tongue, were observed in histological sections during morphological analysis of the papillae lingua in the buzzard under a light microscope. According to the authors' knowledge, this is the first report on E. Dispar in the buzzard in Turkey.

Effects Of Epimedium Polysaccharide On Female Mouse (Mus Musculus)Ovarian And Uterine Development, Seth Yaw Afedo, Yaping Xu, Caroline Wanjiku Muneri, Guochao Ni, Weichao Xu, Rong Rui

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Epimedium polysaccharide (EPS) on ovarian and uterine development in female mice and assess the in vitro maturation (IVM) rate. Healthy Kunming female mice were divided into 4 groups and administered 2, 4, 6, and 8 mg/0.1 mL of EPS, respectively; the control group was given 0.1 mL of 0.9% physiological saline solution. After 7 and 14 days, the mice were sacrificed and their reproductive tracts (uterus, oviduct, and ovaries) were removed. The reproductive tract was weighed; some ovaries were punctured to harvest oocytes for IVM culture and the others were used …

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay For The Detection Of Antibodies Against The Extracellular Domain Of The Oxaa Membrane Protein Of Mycoplasma Suis, Lijun Jia, Mingming Liu, Shoufa Zhang, Lei Zhang, Huanping Guo, Jixu Li

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Epidemics of swine infected with Mycoplasma suis, a hemotrophic pathogen, cause substantial economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. The complementary DNA sequences encoding two predicted extracellular domains of the OxaA protein of M. Suis were obtained using polymerase chain reaction and standard molecular cloning methods. The OxaA domains were expressed separately in Escherichia coli as glutathione-S-transferase (GST) fusion proteins, designated as GST-A and GST-B. The antigenicity of the GST-A and -B recombinant proteins was confirmed by western blotting. The GST-A and -B proteins were approximately 33.9 kDa and 34.6 kDa in size, respectively. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was …

Antibacterial Activity Of Novel Cationic Peptides Against Clinical Isolates Of Multi-Drug Resistant Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius From Infected Dogs, Mohamed F. Mohamed, G. Kenitra Hammac, Lynn F. Guptil, Mohamed N. Seleem

Department of Comparative Pathobiology Faculty Publications

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is a major cause of skin and soft tissue infections in companion animals and has zoonotic potential. Additionally, methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) has emerged with resistance to virtually all classes of antimicrobials. Thus, novel treatment options with new modes of action are required. Here, we investigated the antimicrobial activity of six synthetic short peptides against clinical isolates of methicillin-susceptible and MRSP isolated from infected dogs. All six peptides demonstrated potent antistaphylococcal activity regardless of existing resistance phenotype. The most effective peptides were RRIKA (with modified C terminus to increase amphipathicity and hydrophobicity) and WR-12 (α-helical peptide consisting exclusively …

Ontogenetic Scaling Patterns And Functional Anatomy Of The Pelvic Limb Musculature In Emus (Dromaius Novaehollandiae), Luis P. Lamas, Russell P. Main, John R. Hutchinson

Department of Basic Medical Sciences Faculty Publications

Emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae) are exclusively terrestrial, bipedal and cursorial ratites with some similar biomechanical characteristics to humans. Their growth rates are impressive, as their body mass increases eighty-fold from hatching to adulthood whilst maintaining the same mode of locomotion throughout life. These ontogenetic characteristics stimulate biomechanical questions about the strategies that allow emus to cope with their rapid growth and locomotion, which can be partly addressed via scaling (allometric) analysis of morphology. In this study we have collected pelvic limb anatomical data (muscle architecture, tendon length, tendon mass and bone lengths) and calculated muscle physiological cross sectional area …

Bovine Colostrum Supplementation Optimises Earnings, Performance And Recovery In Racing Thoroughbreds, C. K. Fenger, Thomas Tobin, P. J. Casey, Edward A. Roualdes, J. L. Langemeier, D. M. Haines

Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center Faculty Publications

Bovine colostrum (BC) is the first milk produced by cows after calving and contains numerous beneficial substances for the immunity and development of the newborn calf. Because of the growth and immune factors in BC, it has become an attractive supplement for use by athletes to support immunity and health during athletic performance. In order to evaluate the effects of oral BC supplementation on equine athletes, this study evaluated the earnings, performance, recovery and incidence of upper respiratory infections (URTI) in racing horses. The study design was a randomized cross-over racing performance study. 21 horses in race training were randomly …

Loss Of Thiol Repair Systems In Human Cataractous Lenses, Min Wei, Kui-Yi Xing, Yin-Chuan Fan, Teodosio Libondi, Marjorie F. Lou

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to investigate the thiol repair systems of thioltransferase (TTase) and thioredoxin (Trx) and oxidation-damaged proteins in human cataractous lenses.

METHODS. Cataractous lenses in humans (57–85 years of age) were classified into cortical, nuclear, mixed, mature, and hypermature cataract types by using a lens opacity classification system, and were obtained by extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) procedure. Cortical and nuclear cataracts were grouped by decreasing order of visual acuity into optical chart reading (R), counting fingers (CF), hand motion (HM), and light perception (LP). ECCE lens homogenate was analyzed for glutathione (GSH) level and enzyme …

Biomarkers Of Inflammation, Metabolism, And Oxidative Stress In Blood, Liver, And Milk Reveal A Better Immunometabolic Status In Peripartal Cows Supplemented With Smartamine M Or Metasmart, J. S. Osorio, E. Trevisi, P. Ji, J. K. Drackley, D. Luchini, G. Bertoni, J. J. Loor

Physiology Collection

The peripartal dairy cow experiences a state of reduced liver function coupled with increased inflammation and oxidative stress. This study evaluated the effect of supplementing basal diets with rumen-protected Met in the form of MetaSmart (MS) or Smartamine M (SM) (both from Adisseo Inc., Antony, France) during the peripartal period on blood and hepatic biomarkers of liver function, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Thirty-seven multiparous Holstein cows were fed the same basal diet from −50 to −21 d relative to expected calving [1.24 Mcal/kg of dry matter (DM); no Met supplementation]. From −21 d to calving, the cows received diets …

Generation And Use Of Monoclonal Antibodies To Ldentify Subpopulations Of Post Thaw Stallion Sperm, Sarah Abdulaziz Almuhanna

Masters Theses

Artificial insemination (AI) is commonly used for breeding of horses. Selecting high quality semen is critical to AI success but is difficult to achieve. In this study, we investigate the potential of generating antibodies against stallion sperm to identify subpopulations of post-thaw sperm based on surface markers. Female Balb/C mice are immunized with semen from a 24-year-old fertile stallion followed by booster immunizations each week for at least six weeks. Monoclonal antibodies are generated by fusion of myeloma cells to mouse spleen cells. Eight monoclonal antibodies resulting from these fusions are subdivided into four immunostaining patterns. These patterns differentially recognize …

The Current Prevalence Of Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis Virus In Midwestern Goat Herds, Bradley Todd Jones

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis Virus (CAEV) is an incurable disease of goats that has both social and economic impacts. Clinical disease in goats includes encephalitis in kids; chronic arthritis, inflammatory mastitis and progressive respiratory disease in adults. In the last 25 years there have been significant changes in the United States goat industry with rapid growth in the meat and dairy industries. Recent prevalence studies are lacking and historic studies may not reflect changes in the industry. The purpose of this study was to establish the prevalence of CAEV in Midwestern herds that are not routinely acquiring new animals from known negative …

Comparison Of Mulligan's, Alston's And Prussian Blue Reaction’S Methods For Staining Dog Brain Slices Prior To Plastination, Punnarat Vibulchan, Ornsiri Cheunsuang

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

To follow up our previous investigation of Sudan Red staining in plastinated brain specimen (Vibulchan et al., 2012), the present study aimed to examine staining dyes that can withstand the plastination procedures and be reserved in the specimen thereafter. Three staining methods, Mulligan's method, Alston's method and Prussian blue reaction method were tested in dog brain transverse slices. After the staining procedures the brain slices were dehydrated then forced impregnated using a polymer as described previously. The plastinated brain slices were compared for staining retention and analyzed for shrinkage. Results showed that Alston’s method of staining was preferable to dye …

Ophthalmology Snapshot, Nalinee Tuntivanich

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

No abstract provided.

Glutaredoxin 2 (Grx2) Gene Deletion Induces Early Onset Of Age-Dependent Cataracts In Mice, Hongli Wu, Yibo Yu, Larry David, Ye-Shih Ho, Marjorie . F. Lou

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Glutaredoxin 2 (Grx2) is an isozyme of glutaredoxin1 (thioltransferase) present in the mitochondria and nucleus with disulfide reductase and peroxidase activities, and it controls thiol/ disulfide balance in cells. In this study, we investigated whether Grx2 gene deletion could induce faster age-related cataract formation and elucidated the biochemical changes effected by Grx2 gene deletion that may contribute to lens opacity. Slit lamp was used to examine the lenses in Grx2 knock-out (KO) mice and age-matched wild-type (WT) mice ages 1 to 16 months. In the Grx2 null mice, the lens nuclear opacity began at 5 months, 3 months sooner than …

Genetic Parameter Estimates And Breed Effects For Calving Difficulty And Birth Weight In A Multi-Breed Population, Cashley Ahlberg

Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

There are multiple breeds of beef cattle available to utilize in breeding systems to maximize production and economics. Calving difficulty (dystocia) is a significant cost to beef production and is more prevalent in first-calf heifers. The objectives of this study were to estimate genetic parameters and breed differences for calving difficulty and birth weight as a first step towards the development of across-breed adjustment factors for calving difficulty.

Two models were employed to analyze birth weight (BWT) and calving difficulty (CD) recorded on 4,579 first parity females from the Germplasm Evaluation program at the United States Meat Animal Research Center …

In Vitro Development Potentiality Of Expanded Bovine Blastocysts Subsequent To Cryotop Vitrification, Ashit Kumar Paul, Yuanyuan Liang, Takashi Nagai, Rangsun Parnpai

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Embryo cryopreservation is a promising area of study in the field of reproductive research. One of the issues that have recently arisen is the discovery that the growing ability of embryos after cryopreservation varies depending on the culture period of the embryo prior to its cryopreservation. Therefore, the present study was designed to explore the in vitro development potentiality of bovine embryos at day 7 and day 8, as well as their survivability and hatchability after Cryotop vitrification. The blastocyst rate at day 8 (28.1%) was higher than that of day 7 (19.1%). Grade 1 (G1) and grade 2 (G2) …

In Vitro And In Vivo Antiparasitic Efficacy Of Praziquantel Against Monogenean Ligictaluridus Floridanus In Channel Catfish (Ictalurus Punctatus), Flaviano Benavides-González, Ricardo A. Gómez-Flores, Jesús G. Sánchez-Martínez, Jaime L. Rábago-Castro, Isidro O. Montelongo-Alfaro

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Gill monogenean Ligictaluridus floridanus is the most common parasite on cultured channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) in Tamaulipas, Mexico, affecting fish growth and possibly promoting secondary infections. In aquaculture, treatments against fish parasites include the use of chemotherapeutic agents to control and prevent diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of praziquantel baths against L. floridanus on I. punctatus. In vitro experiments evaluated L. floridanus attached and unattached to gills; for this, parasites were exposed to 2, 5, and 10 mg L-1 of praziquantel in distilled or fish aquarium water, and saline …