Veterinary Medicine Commons^™

Complete Genome Sequence Of A Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus (H5n2) Associated With An Outbreak In Commercial Chickens, Iowa, Usa, 2015, Travis Clement, Gerald F. Kutish, Jill Nezworski, Joy Scaria, Eric A. Nelson, Jane Christopher-Hennings, Diego Diel

Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Faculty Publications

A novel reassortant influenza A virus (H5N2) was first detected in British Columbia, Canada, in December 2014. The virus rapidly spread along the waterfowl migration flyways in the United States, causing multiple HPAI outbreaks in poultry. Here, we present the complete genome sequence of HPAIV-H5N2 from a commercial chicken flock in Iowa.

Development Of An In Vivo Exsheathment Assay Of Infective L3 Haemonchus Contortus Larvae In Fistualated Sheep, Holly N. Williams, Katherine Petersson, Carly Barone

Senior Honors Projects

Purpose: Gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) hinder the sustainable production of small ruminants on pasture and parasite resistance to chemical dewormers is becoming a growing concern. Condensed tannin containing legume forages are being tested to evaluate their anti-parasitic properties and potential contribution to an overall parasite control program for small ruminants such as sheep and goats. One of the most pathogenic GIN of small ruminants is Haemonchus contortus. The final step to full infectivity of H. contortus third stage larvae (L3) is exsheathment in the rumen. The objective of this study was to establish an in-vivo exsheathment assay in fistulated sheep …

Microhabitat Use Affects Brain Size And Structure In Intertidal Gobies, Gemma E. White, Culum Brown

Veterinary Science and Medicine Collection

The ecological cognition hypothesis poses that the brains and behaviours of individuals are largely shaped by the environments in which they live and the associated challenges they must overcome during their lives. Here we examine the effect of environmental complexity on relative brain size in 4 species of intertidal gobies from differing habitats. Two species were rock pool specialists that lived on spatially complex rocky shores, while the remainder lived on dynamic, but structurally simple, sandy shores. We found that rock pool-dwelling species had relatively larger brains and telencephalons in particular, while sand-dwelling species had a larger optic tectum and …

Osteomyelitis Associated With Nocardiopsis Composta In A Dog, Elisa N. Salas, Debra Royal, Lance Kurz, J. Dustin Loy

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Osteomyelitis can be caused by bacterial or fungal agents or may be idiopathic. Cocci, bacilli, and filamentous bacteria such as members of the Actinomycetes have all been determined to be causes of osteomyelitis. Differential diagnoses for Gram-positive filamentous rods in the family Actinomycetales causing osteomyelitis in the dog, include members of the more frequently encountered genera Nocardia and Actinomyces. Bacteria gain access to the bone via several routes but are most often associated with direct inoculation (such as percutaneous injuries, compound fractures, or secondary to foreign bodies such as surgical or other material including dirt and wood) and fracture …

Prevalence Of Disorders Recorded In Cavalier King Charles Spaniels Attending Primary-Care Veterinary Practices In England, Jennifer F. Summers, Dan G. O'Neill, David B. Church, Peter C. Thomson, Paul D. Mcgreevy, David C. Brodbelt

Epidemiology Collection

Background: Concerns have been raised over breed-related health issues in purebred dogs, but reliable prevalence estimates for disorders within specific breeds are sparse. Electronically stored patient health records from primary-care practice are emerging as a useful source of epidemiological data in companion animals. This study used large volumes of health data from UK primary-care practices participating in the VetCompass animal health surveillance project to evaluate in detail the disorders diagnosed in a random selection of over 50% of dogs recorded as Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCSs). Confirmation of breed using available microchip and Kennel Club (KC) registration data was attempted. …

The Effect Of Red Maple Leaf Toxicosis On Reduced Glutathione Levels In Equine Erythrocytes In Vitro, Madeline A. Rohl

Undergraduate Honors Thesis Projects

Red maple leaf toxicosis is an equine blood disorder resulting from the consumption of wilted red maple (Acer rubrum L.) leaves by horses. Compounds within the leaves of red maple have oxidative effects on equine erythrocytes and can cause hemolysis of erythrocytes, the conversion of hemoglobin to methemoglobin, and the production of Heinz bodies. Reduced glutathione is important in the protection of equine erythrocytes from these oxidative events; however, in the presence of red maple toxin, glutathione is rapidly oxidized and is unavailable. The objective of this study is to determine whether the presence of vitamin C alters levels …

Prevalence Of And Risk Factors For Degenerative Mitral Valve Disease In Dogs Attending Primary‐Care Veterinary Practices In England, M. Mattin, A. Boswood, D. B. Church, J. López-Alvarez, P. D. Mcgreevy, D. G. O'Neill, P. C. Thomson, D. C. Brodbelt

Epidemiology Collection

Background

To date, epidemiological studies on degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD) in dogs have largely reported referral caseloads or been limited to predisposed breeds. Analysis of primary‐care data to identify factors associated with DMVD would help clinicians identify high‐risk individuals and improve understanding.

Objectives

To estimate the prevalence of and identify risk factors for DMVD in dogs attending primary‐care veterinary practices in England.

Animals

Cases were identified within the electronic patient records of 111,967 dogs attending 93 practices. Four hundred and 5 dogs were diagnosed with DMVD (diagnosed cases) and a further 3,557 dogs had a heart murmur (HM) consistent …

A Behavioral Analysis Of The Pre-Release Tasmanian Devils (Sarcophilus Harrisii) Currently At Devils@Cradle: An Assessment Of The Impacts Of Captivity On The Wild Behaviors Of Tasmanian Devils That Are Important For Their Reintroduction, Survival, And Inclusion In Wild Populations, Anna Staudenmaier

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

The Tasmanian devil, Sarcophilus harrisi, is in danger of extinction in the wild due to the emergence of Devil Facial Tumor Disease (DFTD). In an attempt to save the species the Save the Tasmanian Devil Program (STTDP) has initiated the creation of an ‘Insurance Population’. These insurance animals are a part of the captive breeding population (CBP) designed to conserve the genetic diversity of the species to preserve their ecological function for their future reintroduction into the wild. CBPs are located at various bio-secure zoos, wildlife parks, free-range enclosures (FREs), Tasmanian islands and peninsulas and sanctuaries like Devils@Cradle - Tasmanian …

Baylisascaris Spp. In Non-Raccoon Procyonid Hosts And Assessment Of Potential Risk Of Human Exposure, Max Carlin Parkanzky

Open Access Theses

Baylisascaris procyonis (Bp) is a large roundworm of the common raccoon (Procyon lotor) which serves as the definitive host. Bp is an important cause of clinical larva migrans, including severe neurological disease, across numerous taxa including humans. Other procyonids, as well as occasionally dogs, can act as definitive hosts for this or other Baylisascaris spp. Many of these animals are becoming more common as household pets, posing a risk to people who come in contact with these animals. We have investigated whether patent Baylisascaris spp. infection exists in captive non-raccoon procyonids and if humans who contact these animals …

Growing South Dakota (Spring 2015), College Of Agriculture &. Biological Sciences

Growing South Dakota (Publication of the College of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences)

This issue includes the 2014 SDSU Extension Annual Report.

[Page] 2 Committed To South Dakotans: Programs Focus On “Healthy Food, Healthy Families, Healthy Communities”
[Page] 4 Serving South Dakota’s Multi-Cultural Communities: Programs Take Root In Sioux Falls And On Standing Rock Indian Reservation
[Page] 4 Relevant Resource: New Manual Provides Guidance For Farmers Markets
[Page] 6 Food Growers Unite: Formation Of “Food Hub” Being Explored
[Page] 8 Envisioning The Future: Extension Assists Community Leaders With Forward Thinking
[Page] 10 Innovative New Tools: Online Resources Provide Useful Climate Data, Drainage Calculators
[Page] 12 Meeting Producer Needs: Production Knowledge Enhanced With Extension …

Animal Health Matters, Russ Daly, Jane Hennings

Animal Health MATTERS Newsletter

[Page] 1- Latest Version of South Dakota “One Health” Meetings Explores Tuberculosis in Humans and Cattle [Page] 2- Director's Message [Page] 2- Bailey Herd Health Conference Covers Connection Between Facilities and Animal Health [Page] 3- Essential Behind the Scenes Work: Accounting and Human Resources Staff at the VBS and ADRDL [Page] 3- New Hires at South Dakota ADRDL [Page] 4- Dairy Animal and Product Testing Services at the ADRDL [Page] 6- Video Production Highlights ADRDL Value to Animals and Citizens [Page] 6- Bovine Respiratory Coronavirus Testing [Page] 6- Dr. Hennings Named to AAVLD Executive Board [Page] 6- Equine Well-Being Survey: …

An Inactivated Vaccine Made From A U.S. Field Isolate Of Porcine Epidemic Disease Virus Is Immunogenic In Pigs As Demonstrated By A Dose-Titration, Emily A. Collin, Srivishnupriya Anbalagan, Faten Okda, Ron Bateman, Eric A. Nelson, Ben M. Hause

Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Faculty Publications

Background: Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), a highly pathogenic and transmissible virus in swine, was first detected in the U.S. in May, 2013, and has caused tremendous losses to the swine industry. Due to the difficulty in isolating and growing this virus in cell culture, few vaccine studies using cell culture propagated PEDV have been performed on U.S. strains in pigs. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the humoral immune response to the selected inactivated PEDV vaccine candidate in a dose-titration manner.
Results: PEDV was isolated from a pig with diarrhea and complete genome sequencing found >99% …

Relationship Between Heat-Labile Enterotoxin Secretion Capacity And Virulence In Wild Type Porcine-Origin Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli Strains, Prageeth Wijemanne, Jun Xing, Emil M. Berberov, David B. Marx, David H. Francis, Rodney A. Moxley

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) is an important virulence factor secreted by some strains of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). The prototypic human-origin strain H10407 secretes LT via a type II secretion system(T2SS). We sought to determine the relationship between the capacity to secrete LT and virulence in porcine-origin wild type (WT) ETEC strains. Sixteen WT ETEC strains isolated from cases of severe diarrheal disease were analyzed by GM1ganglioside enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay tomeasure LT concentrations in culture supernatants. All strains had detectable LT in supernatants by 2 h of culture and 1 strain, which was particularly virulent in gnotobiotic piglets (3030-2), had …

Isolation And Characterization Of Potential Probiotic Bacteria Suitable For Mollusk Larvae Cultures, Ruth Escamilla-Montes, Antonio Luna-González, Ma. Del Carmen Flores-Miranda, Píndaro Álvarez-Ruiz, Jesús Arturo Fierro-Coronado, Ana Claudia Sánchez-Ortiz, José Ávila-Leal

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Guts of Crassostrea gigas, C. corteziensis, and Atrina maura were screened for bacilli and lactic acid bacteria with probiotic properties for bivalve mollusks. Characterization of the isolates included Gram stain, morphology, cell arrangement, catalase and hemolytic activity, hydrophobicity, autoaggregation, coaggregation against Vibrio sinaloensis VHPC23, biofilm formation, counting of colony forming units (CFU), NaCl and pH tolerance, enzymatic activity, resistance to antibiotics, antagonism against Vibrio sinaloensis VHPC23, and molecular identification. Three isolates (BCR 4-3, BALCR 5-2, and BALOR 2-3) showed no hemolytic activity, high tolerance to pH and salinity, high adhesion potential, high autoaggregation and coaggregation, biofilm formation, well growth, and …

In Vitro Suppression Against Streptococcal Bacteria And Health-Promoting Effects Of Probiotic Bacillus Polyfermenticus In Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus), Mintra Lukkana, Sasibha Jantrakajorn, Janenuj Wongtavatchai

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

In vitro antibacterial activity of Bacillus polyfermenticus (BP) against tilapia streptococcal pathogen was evaluated using the agar dilution method and co-incubation method. Both in vitro tests confirmed the inhibitory effect of B. polyfermenticus on the growth of Streptococcus agalactiae. The suppression of S. agalactiae was observed in the test system containing B. polyfermenticus and the inhibition was more evident in the system with high density of B. polyfermenticus. Subsequently, feeding administration of BP was employed in tilapia broodstocks (12 months old) and fry (37.33 ± 1.37 mg body weight) to examine the effect of BP on health performance. Significantly higher …

Environmental Microbes And Uveitis: Is Microbial Exposure Always Bad?, Chandirasegaran Massilamany, A. Gangaplara, J. Reddy

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The eye generally is considered to be an immune-privileged organ, but this notion is being increasingly challenged as ocular antigens can be expressed in the generative lymphoid organs, resulting in attainment of self-tolerance. What triggers a break in this tolerant state is a fundamental question in autoimmunity research. The general belief is that exposure to environmental microbes can break self-tolerance in genetically susceptible individuals, leading to the induction of autoimmune responses. The molecular mimicry hypothesis has been proposed as one major mechanistic, pathway through which microbes, by generating crossreactive immune responses, can induce ocular damage of the kind that might …

Optimization Of Cell Permeabilization For Rapid Detection Of Salmonella In Pork By Fish, Damrongsak Arlai, Sujate Chuanchom, Theerapol Sirinarumitr

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Salmonella spp. are one of the major causes of infectious gastroenteritis. The route of infection is usually ingestion of contaminated food. Due to the severity of the disease, it is worthwhile to identify appropriate preventive measures. Bacterial culture method is the gold standard method, but it is time-consuming (at least 4-6 days). Therefore, in this research, the fluorescence in situ hybridization technique (FISH) was optimized for rapid and accurate detection of Salmonella spp. in contaminated pork using a 3¢-end tailing oligonucleotide probe. The optimum digestion condition for cell permeation with lysozyme was 1 mg/ml at 37oC for 3 min. The …

Antibiotic Resistance And Molecular Characterization Of Enterobacter Cancerogenus Isolated From Wild Birds In Taif Province, Saudi Arabia, Aly E. Abo-Amer, Mohammed Y. Shobrak

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Enterobacter infection can cause diseases such as bacteremia, lower respiratory tract infections, skin and soft-tissue infections, urinary tract infections, etc. Enterobacter could be isolated from natural environments. Enterobacter infections can require prolonged hospitalization and powerful and expensive antimicrobial agents. Increase in the number of resistant and multi-resistant strains of bacteria is a major concern to health officials worldwide. Therefore, the objective of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Enterobacter sp. recovered from wild birds collected in Taif province, Saudi Arabia. Fifty isolates were recovered from cloacal samples of resident wild birds and 32 isolates from cloacal samples …

Effect Of Activated Charcoal-Supplemented Diet On Growth Performance And Intestinal Morphology Of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus), Nopadon Pirarat, Surinton Boonananthanasarn, Laddawan Krongpong, Takayuki Katagiri, Masashi Maita

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The effect of tilapia diet supplemented with activated charcoal (AC) on growth performance and intestinal morphology of Nile Tilapia was examined. The fish were divided into four groups: a control group and three AC-supplementation groups (1%, 2% and 3% of AC in diet), and fed approximately 3% of body weight twice a day for 30 days. Growth performance and intestinal villus height were measured. Results revealed that the 2% AC-supplemented diet group was significantly (P<0.05) better in terms of percentage weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR) and feed conversion ratio (FCR), among the experimental groups. The foregut and midgut villus height of the 3% and 2% AC-supplemented diet groups was similar, but was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05). Consequently, the supplementation of diet with 2% AC was found to be the most suitable for improving the growth performance and intestinal morphology in tilapia.

An Inactivated Vaccine For Prevention And Control Of Inclusion Body Hepatitis In Broiler Breeders, Sucheeva Junnu, Preeda Lertwatcharasarakul, Siriluk Jala, Sakuna Phattanakulanan, Angkasiya Monkong, Sittinee Kulprasertsri, Chotiga Thivalai, Warunya Chakritbudsabong, Kridsada Chaichoun, Thaweesak Songserm

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Inclusion bodies hepatitis (IBH) in Thailand is caused by Fowl Adenovirus (FAdv) serotype 2. Vertical transmission is the important route for disease outbreak. Biosecurity and vaccination are the major keys for disease control and prevention. Vaccination of broiler breeders results in maternal antibody production that can be transferred to their progenies. Therefore, the aim of present study was to develop an inactivated FAdv serotype 2 vaccine. The FAdv was isolated from liver of infected chickens by inoculation onto chicken embryo liver cells (CEL). Virus purification was performed and then inactivated by Binary Ethylene Imine (BEI). The 107 TCID50 of virus …

In Vitro Modulatory Effects Of Quercetin On Bovine Neutrophil Effector Functions, Phongsakorn Chuammitri, Chiradet Amphaiphan, Panupong Nojit

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Bovine neutrophils perform numerous effector functions to overcome microbial invasions by utilizing innately-equipped intracellular and extracellular killing mechanisms. In this study, we explored the modulatory effects of quercetin hydrate (QH), an herbal flavonoid compound, on bovine neutrophil functional activities. Isolated neutrophils were incubated with various concentrations of QH (0-100 mM). Neutrophil viability results showed no signs of cytotoxicity (p = 0.33). In other assays, neutrophils were stimulated with a pre-defined concentration of QH (50 mM). Results showed promising effects of QH on enhancing intracellular ROS generation (p < 0.0001) compared to control. Phagocytic activity of fluorescently labeled E.coli was also augmented by the effects of this compound (p = 0.05). However, intracellular killing of live E.coli quantified by MTT assay demonstrated a slight decrease in activity (p = 0.304). Additionally, extracellular killing driven by NET-DNA release was remarkably higher in QH-stimulated cells (p = 0.0004). Supplementation of QH to LPS stimulated neutrophils resulted in significantly decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1b (p < 0.0001) and TNF-a gene expression (p = 0.004). Taken together, quercetin could exert its noteworthy actions, both at cellular and molecular levels, at a certain physiological concentration.

Effects Of Immunization Against Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone On Reproductive Functions In Male Rusa Deer (Rusa Timorensis), Orasa Phraluk, Worawidh Wajjwalku, Boripat Siriaroonrat, Orawan Booddee, Nikorn Thongtip

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

We performed an evaluation of the effect of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) vaccine on male rusa deer reproductive function. Mature male rusa deer (Rusa timorensis) were divided into two groups: untreated group (n=3) and treated group (n=7). The treated rusa deer were administered with two ml of the GnRH-protein conjugate vaccine (Improvac®; 200 μg/ml). The vaccine was injected subcutaneously into the treated group three times at four-week intervals (April, May and June) and an additional single dose booster was given after a decrease in GnRH antibody levels was detected (October). Blood testosterone concentrations and GnRH antibody titer were determined before …

Intra-Articular Injections With Allogeneic Dental Pulp Stem Cells For Chronic Osteoarthritis, Ratikorn Bootcha, Jedee Temwichitr, Soontaree Petchdee

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Stem cell therapies are rapidly gaining attention as a promising tool for tissue regeneration. A variety of stem cell types have been studied as potential candidates to restore the structure and function of damaged organs or tissues. Recent studies have demonstrated the use of stem cells isolated from dental pulp in dentistry and tissue engineering. In our previous studies we have shown the applications of puppy deciduous teeth stem cells (pDSCs) to restore infarcted myocardium and ulceration of the cornea. For this study, our aim was to provide a novel therapeutic application of allogeneic pDSCs in dogs with chronic osteoarthritis …

Disseminated Oral Melanoma With Brain And Gastrointestinal Tract Involvements In A Cocker Spaniel: A Case Report, Sawang Kesdangsakonwut, Katriya Chankow, Anudep Rungsipipat

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

A nine-year-old, male Cocker Spaniel with a history of surgical excision of oral melanoma located at the gingiva of the left maxilla was evaluated progressively over the course of 1 month post-surgery. The dog had shown signs of respiratory distress. Radiographic examination revealed diffusely pulmonary metastases. The respiratory distress progressively worsened and the dog died following excision of the oral mass. On necropsy, disseminated metastases to various organs including the lungs, heart, mediastinum, liver, kidneys, spleen, tonsil, lymph nodes, adrenal glands, thoracic wall, jejunum, pancreas, and brain were observed. Microscopically, the neoplastic cells were characterized by spindle to polyhedral phenotypes, …

Ecg Quiz, Chollada Buranakarl, Saikaew Sutayatram

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

No abstract provided.

Ophthalmology Snapshot, Nalinee Tuntivanich

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

No abstract provided.

Isolation And Molecular Characterization Of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella, Shigella And Proteus From Domestic Birds, Aly E. Abo-Amer, Mohammed Y. Shobrak

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The increase in multidrug-resistant enteric bacteria, especially Salmonella, Shigella and Proteus in poultry has become a significant public health threat. Therefore, this work was aimed to investigate whether domestic birds have a role in the emergence and transmission of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria in Taif province. Salmonella, Shigella and Proteus were isolated from different types of healthy domestic birds (n=42) collected from different places. Bacterial isolates were recovered from cloacal swabs of birds by non-selective and selective pre-enrichment technique. One hundred and sixty six bacterial isolates were screened for antibiotic susceptibility such as Cefaclor, Oxacillin, Ampicillin, Chloramphenicol, Cephalexin, Neomycin, Colistin, Ciprofloxacin, …

Ultrasound Diagnosis, Phiwipha Kamonrat

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

No abstract provided.

Comparison Of Two Locations For Recording Intracardiac Conductivity In Anesthetized Dogs, Nakkawee Saengklub, Vudhiporn Limprasutr, Suwanakiet Sawangkoon, Chollada Buranakarl, Narongsak Chaiyabutr, Anusak Kijtawornrat

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

In safety pharmacological and toxicological studies, all new chemical entities should be investigated for the possibility of slow atrioventricular (AV) conduction especially at the infranodal of AV node. The objective of this study was to compare two locations of His bundle electrogram (HBE) recording, the right side (right atrium) and the left side (non-coronary cusp), of the heart in anesthetized dogs. Diltiazem was used to evaluate these two locations. The dogs (n=6) were anesthetized with morphine and a-chloralose. In order to record HBE, two catheters with multiple electrodes were placed in the right atrium via jugular vein and in the …

Antimicrobial Use And Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella Spp., Escherichia Coli, And Enterococcus Faecalis In Swine From Northern Thailand, David C. Love, Prasit Tharavichitkul, Orapun Arjkumpa, Maho Imanishi, Soawapak Hinjoy, Kenrad Nelson, Keeve E. Nachman

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The aim of this study was to isolate antimicrobial-resistant bacteria from intensive commercial and backyard swine operations (farms) in Northern Thailand and to characterize antimicrobial usage among swine farmers. A total of 51 swine farms in Chiang Mai, Lampoon, and Nan provinces were visited from February to October 2011 to collect swine fecal samples for bacterial isolation (Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis) and antimicrobial resistance testing. A survey about production intensity, management practices, animal health, and antimicrobial usage was conducted with a sub-set of farms (n = 20) located in Nan province. The farm-level prevalence of drug-resistant E. coli, …