Nutrition Commons^™

Factors Associated With Choice Of Behavioural Weight Loss Program By Adults With Obesity, Yasaman Jamshidi-Naeini, Susan B Roberts, Stephanie Dickinson, Arthur Owora, Jon Agley, Roger S Zoh, Xiwei Chen, David B Allison

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

We assessed the preference for two behavioural weight loss programs, Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) and Healthy Weight for Living (HWL) in adults with obesity. A cross-sectional survey was fielded on the Amazon Mechanical Turk. Eligibility criteria included reporting BMI ≥30 and at least two chronic health conditions. Participants read about the programs, selected their preferred program, and answered follow-up questions. The estimated probability of choosing either program was not significantly different from .5 (N = 1005, 50.8% DPP and 49.2% HWL, p = .61). Participants' expectations about adherence, weight loss magnitude, and dropout likelihood were associated with their choice (p <  .0001). Non-White participants (p = .040) and those with monthly income greater than $4999 (p = .002) were less likely to choose DPP. Participants who had postgraduate education (p = .007), did not report high serum cholesterol (p = .028), and reported not having tried losing weight before (p = .025) were more likely to choose DPP. Those who chose HWL were marginally more likely to report that being offered two different programs rather than one would likely affect their decision to enrol in one of the two (p = .052). The enrolment into DPP and HWL was balanced, but race, educational attainment, income, previous attempt to lose weight, and serum cholesterol levels had significant associations with the choice of weight loss program.

Affect, Mind-Body Factors, And Disordered And Intuitive Eating Behaviors: Examining Naturalistic Associations Among Young Women With Elevated Eating Disorder Symptoms, Kelly A. Romano

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

Objective: The present study examined whether three mind-body factors—emotion dysregulation, interoceptive sensibility, and mindfulness—that are theorized to be implicated in the onset and maintenance of eating disorder (ED) pathology mediated (Aim 1) and moderated (Aim 2) within-person associations between affect and women with elevated ED symptoms’ disordered and intuitive eating behavior use. Method: Participants included 150 young women with elevated ED symptoms who completed a 10-day ecological momentary assessment protocol. To address Aim 1, multilevel structural equation models examined whether the mindbody factors (separately) mediated momentary associations between negative and positive affect, and women’s disordered (dietary restriction, loss of control …

The Effect Of Carbohydrate Source As Part Of A High Protein, Weight-Maintenance Diet On Outcomes Of Well-Being In Adults At Risk For Metabolic Syndrome, Mariya Hayat

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Obesity is a growing epidemic affecting at least 312 million people worldwide and is a major risk factor for chronic diseases such as metabolic syndrome (MetS). MetS is defined based on the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III, as having 3 or more of the following: waist circumference greater than 102 cm in men or greater than 88 cm in women; serum level of triglycerides of 150 mg/dL or greater; high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level of less than 40 mg/dL in men or less than 50 mg/dL in women; systolic/diastolic blood pressure of 130/85 mmHg or greater or …

Anti-Inflammatory Effect Of Apiaceous Vegetables In A Mouse Model Of Colitis - Implications For Colon Cancer Risk, Laura Mariana Mariana Echavarri Ibarra

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the US. Dietary habits account for 50% of the cases. A westernized diet (high fat, high sugar/fructose, and low in fruits and vegetables) and inflammatory bowel diseases are risk factors for colorectal cancer. Evidence suggests phytochemicals in apiaceous vegetables (API; celery family) possess anti-inflammatory and potentially chemopreventive properties. Hence, investigation of whether the consumption of API mitigates acute colitis is warranted. Using mice fed the Total Western Diet (TWD) and administered dextran sodium sulfate (DSS; induces colitis), the objectives of this project are to identify the effects of API …

Effects Of Chewing Time On Gastrointestinal Discomfort, Substrate Use, And Performance During Running, Thomas Geaney

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

Previous research has shown that food particle size affects gastric processing. For example, food particles greater than 3 mm may delay gastric emptying under certain conditions. Delays in gastric emptying can be problematic during aerobic exercise, leading to nausea, bloating, fullness, and other gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. In some cases, symptoms can be severe enough to negatively affect athletic performance. This study investigated the effects of manipulating chewing duration of carbohydrate sports bars on GI discomfort, physiological responses, and performance during endurance running. This crossover study recruited 12 male runners (age: 36.4 ± 7.2 years, VO_2peak: 57.2 ± 4.7 …

Performance Fatigability And Neuromuscular Responses Are Not Joint Angle Specific Following A Sustained Isometric Forearm Flexion Task Anchored To A High Perceptual Intensity In Women, Jocelyn E. Arnett, Robert W. Smith, Tyler J. Neltner, John Paul V. Anders, Dolores G. Ortega, Terry J. Housh, Richard J. Schmidt, Glen O. Johnson

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Objectives: To examine the effects of joint angle (JA) on maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC) and neuromuscular responses following a sustained, isometric forearm flexion task anchored to a rating of perceived exertion (RPE) of 8 (RPE=8). Methods: Nine women (age: 20.7±2.9 yrs; height: 168.8±7.2 cm; body mass: 66.3±6.8 kg) performed 2,3s forearm flexion MVICs at JAs of 75°, 100°, and 125° prior to and following a sustained, isometric forearm flexion task anchored to RPE=8 to task failure (torque reduced to zero) at JA100. Electromyographic (EMG) and mechanomyographic (MMG) signals were recorded from the biceps brachii. Results: The …

Nutrition Education Effect On Anemia Incidence In Female Adolescents: Meta-Analysis For Future Health Post-Covid-19 Pandemic, Anita Rahmiwati, Kusharisupeni Djokosujono, Tri Krianto, Diah Mulyawati Utari, Ratna Djuwita, Feranita Utama

Kesmas

Female adolescents are at a heightened risk of anemia due to inadequate iron intake and absorption, blood loss during menstruation, and an escalated need for iron to support rapid growth. This study examined the impact of nutrition education on the incidence of anemia in adolescent girls. The investigation was conducted through a systematic review and meta-analysis, employing articles from reputable sources such as Google Scholar, JAMA Network, PubMed, ScienceDirect, The New England Journal of Medicine, Lancet, and ProQuest, published between 2013 and 2021. The keywords for data retrieval were"nutrition education" and "adolescent anemia girls." Furthermore, the Preferred Reporting Items for …

Editorial, Al Asyary

Kesmas

No abstract provided.

Commercial Fishing Identification Guide 2023, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Fisheries Occasional Publications

Throughout this guide you will see all or some of the marine bioregion symbols with each fish illustration, indicating where the species is most likely to occur.

This guide has been developed to help you identify the more common species in Western Australia you may encounter. The purpose of this guide is to enhance consistent and accurate species identification.

If you are unsure about a particular species (or if it is not in this guide), please discuss it with a representative of the Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Western Australia.

Effectiveness Of Simulation-Based Learning On Clinical Competence In Dietetics Students: A Narrative Review, Claudia W. Scott, Rena Zelig, Diane L. Rigassio Radler

Journal of Dietetic Education

Clinical supervised practice experiences offered through dietetic internships have historically been among the most challenging to obtain. The COVID-19 pandemic heightened the scarcity of these experiences and forced dietetics education programs to offer alternative experiences in the absence of direct patient care opportunities. Simulation-based learning experiences (SBLE) or objective structured clinical examinations (OSCE) are one method of providing these alternative options, and if effective, could be routinely incorporated into dietetics education. This review evaluates five original research articles to determine the effectiveness of simulation-based learning on perceived or observed clinical competence in dietetic students. The findings of the studies unanimously …

Dietetic Students’ Changes In Attitudes After Participating In Online Interprofessional Education, Kelly Jackson, Terri L. Kurz, Mary Marian

Journal of Dietetic Education

Interprofessional education (IPE) is an accreditation requirement and an important component of training for future registered dietitian nutritionists (RDNs) and access to quality IPE is often limited in online programs. An online IPE module was developed to provide dietetics students the opportunity to build collaborative skills with students in other healthcare training programs. A research study was designed to answer the following research question: How and to what extent does participation in an online IPE module impact online dietetics students’ attitudes of interprofessional practice? Participants were dietetics students enrolled in an upper-division online dietetics course. Data gathered included a retrospective …

Undergraduate And Graduate Students’ Retrospective Perception Of Flipped Learning In Dietetics Curricula, Rachel L. Vollmer, Teresa Drake

Journal of Dietetic Education

Most studies investigating flipped learning fail to assess how student perceptions of flipped learning may change once the class is complete, and students have a chance to reflect on the experience. Follow-up studies are needed to evaluate the sustainability of the benefits from flipped learning among students and how they feel it prepares them, if at all, for future classes and/or their professional lives. Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore how graduate and undergraduate dietetics students retrospectively perceive a course that used flipped learning 2 years after they completed the course. Two focus groups with undergraduate (n=5) …

The Impact Of A Graduate-Level Applied Research Course On Graduate-Level Nutrition Students’ Research-Related Perceptions, Attitudes, And Knowledge, Alexandria Caljean, Kaitlyn M. Eck

Journal of Dietetic Education

Nutrition professionals report low levels of research utilization and engagement. This study explored the associations between completion of an applied nutrition research (capstone) course and students’ research-related perceptions, attitudes, and knowledge. Nutrition graduate students at a university in Pennsylvania completed an online survey at the beginning and end of a semester. The survey assessed perceptions of research participation and application, attitudes regarding research, and self-efficacy for conducting research, engaging in evidence-based practice, and collaborating on research. Students in a capstone course (n=17) learned about applying research in the field and conducted a research project. Non-capstone students (n=11) were not in …

A Cross‐Sectional Survey Of Research Involvement And Interest Among Graduate Dietetics Students, Courtney Wedemire, Rebecca Brody, Joachim Sackey, Laura Byham-Gray

Journal of Dietetic Education

Background: Dietitians are not frequently participating in or leading research. Cultivating greater research interest and involvement starts with dietetics education, but little is known about dietetics students’ research involvement and interest. This study examines relationships between research involvement and interest among graduate dietetics students. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional survey design incorporating participant characteristic data, the Practice-Based Dietitian Research Involvement Survey (PBDRIS), and the modified Interest in Research Questionnaire (IRQ) tools; 89 of 327 (27.2%) graduate dietetic students from 3 US universities were included. Participant characteristics, PBDRIS scores, and IRQ scores were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Relationships between variables …

Table Of Contents, Editors' Message, Editorial Board, Diana Cuy Castellanos, M. Elizabeth (Beth) Miller

Journal of Dietetic Education

No abstract provided.

Pseudohypercreatininemia After Surgery For Aortic Dissection: A Case Report, Ayako Tasaki, Makoto Fukuda, Yuki Ikeda, Masatora Yamasaki, Ikko Yamaguchi, Shinichi Aishima, Motoaki Miyazono

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background: Elevated creatinine concentrations often indicate acute renal injury and renal biopsies are considered in this situation. However,pseudohypercreatininemia is potential cause of elevated creatinine concentrations, and invasive interventions should be avoided.

Case presentation: A 54-year-old woman underwent surgery for descending aortic dissection.Nine days postoperatively, her creatinine concentration increased from 1 mg/dl to 5.78 mg/dl (normal range, 0.47-0.7 mg/dl). Azotemia and hyperkalemia were absent and physical examination findings were unremarkable. Cystatin C concentration was 1.56 mg/l (normal range, 0.56-0.8 mg/l) and pseudohypercreatininemia was suspected. Testing with different reagents showed a creatinine concentration of 0.84 mg/dl. Immunoglobulin (Ig)G was markedly elevated, and …

Correcting Calculation And Data Errors Reveals That The Original Conclusions Were Incorrect In “The Best Drug Supplement For Obesity Treatment: A Systematic Review And Network Meta-Analysis”, Xiaoxin Yu, Patrice L Capers, Roger S Zoh, David B Allison

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

The goal of this study was to reproduce and evaluate the reliability of the network meta-analysis performed in the article "The best drug supplement for obesity treatment: A systematic review and network meta-analysis" by Salari et al. In recent years, it has become more common to employ network meta-analysis to assess the relative efficacy of treatments often used in clinical practice. To duplicate Salari et al.'s research, we pulled data directly from the original trials and used Cohen's D to determine the effect size for each treatment. We reanalyzed the data since we discovered significant differences between the data we …

Homeobox Transcription Factor Hbxa Influences Expression Of Over One Thousand Genes In The Model Fungus Aspergillus Nidulans, Sandesh S. Pandit, Jinfang Zheng, Yanbin Yin, Sophie Lorber, Olivier Puel, Sourabh Dhingra, Eduardo A. Espeso, Ana M. Calvo

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

In fungi, conserved homeobox-domain proteins are transcriptional regulators governing development. In Aspergillus species, several homeobox-domain transcription factor genes have been identified, among them, hbxA/hbx1. For instance, in the opportunistic human pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus, hbxA is involved in conidial production and germination, as well as virulence and secondary metabolism, including production of fumigaclavines, fumiquinazolines, and chaetominine. In the agriculturally important fungus Aspergillus flavus, disruption of hbx1 results in fluffy aconidial colonies unable to produce sclerotia. hbx1 also regulates production of aflatoxins, cyclopiazonic acid and aflatrem. Furthermore, transcriptome studies revealed that hbx1 has a broad effect on the A. flavus …

Devoting Continuous Efforts To Innovations And Development Of Ruminant Livestock Life-Cycle Nutrition Program, Zhixiong He, Zhaomin Hu, Hongsheng Wang, Jinzhen Jiao, Xuefeng Han, Yong Liu, Shaoxun Tang, Chuanshe Zhou, Min Wang, Zhiliang Tan

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Ruminant livestock such as cattle and sheep can provide high-quality beef, mutton and milk, which are high-quality protein sources meeting the increasingly diverse food consumption needs for human being. Developing high-quality herbivorous animal husbandry is a concrete practice of practicing the “Greater Food” approach. The precise supply of forages and concentrates meeting the requirements of all nutrients in the whole life cycle is vital for cost saving and efficiency increasing of ruminant livestock industry, which is an important way to high-quality development. The whole life cycle nutrition is developed on the basis of traditional ruminant nutrition and new technologies made …

Sesame Eliciting And Safe Doses In A Large Sesame Allergic Population, Liat Nachshon, Joost Westerhout, W. Marty Blom, Benjamin Remington, Michael B. Levy, Michael R. Goldberg, Naama Epstein-Rigbi, Yitzhak Katz, Arnon Elizur

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Background: Sesame is a significant food allergen causing severe and even fatal reactions. Given its increasing prevalence in western diet, sesame is listed as an allergenic food requiring labeling in the United States and EU. However, data on the population reaction doses to sesame are limited.

Methods: All sesame oral food challenges (OFCs), performed either for diagnosis or for threshold identification before the beginning of sesame oral immunotherapy (OIT) between November 2011 and July 2021 in Shamir medical center were analyzed for reaction threshold distribution. Safe-dose challenges with 90–120 min intervals were also analyzed.

Results: Two hundred …

Assessment Of The Immune Response In Patients With Insulin Resistance, Obesity, And Diabetes To Covid-19 Vaccination, Jędrzej Warpechowski, Paula Leszczyńska, Dominika Juchnicka, Adam Olichwier, Łukasz Szczerbiński, Adam Jacek Krętowski

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

The SARS-CoV-19 pandemic overwhelmed multiple healthcare systems across the world. Patients with underlying medical conditions such as obesity or diabetes were particularly vulnerable, had more severe symptoms, and were more frequently hospitalized. To date, there have been many studies on the severity of SARS-CoV-2 in patients with metabolic disorders, but data on the efficiency of vaccines against COVID-19 are still limited. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in individuals with diabetes, insulin resistance, and obesity. A comparison is made between the immune response after vaccination in patients with and without metabolic comorbidities. …

Orchestration Of Mirna Patterns By Testosterone And Dietary Tomato Carotenoids During Early Prostate Carcinogenesis In Tramp Mice, Lei Wan, Jennifer M Thomas-Ahner, Dennis K Pearl, John W Erdman, Nancy E Moran, Steven K Clinton

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background: The integrative effects of prostate cancer risk factors, such as diet and endocrine status, on cancer-associated miRNA expression are poorly defined.

Objectives: This study aimed to define the influence of androgens and diet (tomato and lycopene) on prostatic miRNA expression during early carcinogenesis in the transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) model.

Methods: Wild type (WT) and TRAMP mice were fed control, tomato-containing, or lycopene-containing diets from 4 to 10 weeks of age. Mice underwent either sham (intact) or castration surgery at 8 wk, and half of the castrated mice received testosterone (2.5 mg/kg body weight/d) at 9 …

Data Sharing: Putting Nature’S Policy To The Test, Xiwei Chen, Stephanie L Dickinson, Anna L M Macagno, Chelsie M Parker, David B Allison

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Towards A Model Of Biliary Atresia – Pilot Feasibility Study In Newborn Piglets, Thora Wesenberg Helt, Lene Buelund, Lise Borgwardt, Thomas Eriksen, Lars Johansen, Robin De Nijs, Soren Holm, Douglas G Burrin, Thomas Thymann, Vibeke Brix Christensen

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Biliary atresia (BA) is a rare congenital liver disease with unknown etiology, and it is the most common indication for liver transplantation in children. As BA infants suffer from intestinal malabsorption and neurodevelopmental deficits, it is necessary to identify optimal medical and nutritional strategies using appropriate neonatal animal models. We aim to determine the feasibility of using newborn piglets with surgically induced cholestasis (bile duct ligation (BDL)) to mimic clinical features of BA. Six piglets were subjected to abdominal surgery on day 4 after birth. The bile ducts were ligated, and the piglet were followed for up to 12 days. …

Studies Of The Role Of Mtorc1 In Modulating Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Function, Isaac Adediji

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling impacts intestinal inflammation by modulating the production of cytokines in both intestinal epithelial cells and macrophages. Recent evidence revealed that THP-1-derived macrophages with elevated mTORC1 activity (THP-1shTSC2 macrophages), exhibited increased proinflammatory cytokine production when stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) compared to counterpart macrophages with repressed or baseline mTORC1 activity. Furthermore, it has been shown that mTORC1 governs intestinal barrier function as evidenced by elevated transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and para/transcellular permeability in Raptor-depleted Caco-2 cells (cells with repressed mTORC1 activity) compared to Caco-2 cells with elevated or baseline mTORC1 activity. The present study …

Creativity In Energy Balance, Obesity And Feeding Behavior Research, Some Thoughts, Stephen J French, David B Allison

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

This review provides an overview of examples of especially creative work related to the fields of ingestive behavior, energetics (defined as the study of the acquisition, storage, and use of metabolizable energy by biological organisms and the causes and consequences of such acquisition, storage, and use), and nutrition, focusing on both individual works and discoveries, as well as bodies of works and in some cases the working styles of particular scientists. The paper then discusses some principles extracted from our observations as well as from the literature on creativity pointing out some factors that seem to make for more creative …

Characteristics Of Yogurt And Culture Bacteria As Affected By Ingredients That Help Treat Leaky Gut, Ricardo Jose Santos Aleman

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

At least 100 million people have leaky gut syndrome. This syndrome is associated with multiple health problems such as diabetes, celiac disease, asthma, multiple sclerosis, and inflammatory bowel disease, costing more than $3 billion per year to treat. L-Glutamine, quercetin, slippery elm bark, marshmallow root, N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (NAG), licorice root, maitake mushrooms, and zinc orotate have been reported to help treat leaky gut.

The objectives were to explore the characteristics of yogurt and culture bacteria as affected by ingredients that help treat leaky gut. In yogurt, the pH, titratable acidity, syneresis, viscosity, color, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, yeast and mold and …

Literature Review—Transthoracic Echocardiography, Computed Tomography Angiography, And Their Value In Clinical Decision Making And Outcome Predictions In Patients With Covid-19 Associated Cardiovascular Complications, Jędrzej Warpechowski, Adam Olichwier, Aleksandra Golonko, Marcin Warpechowski, Robert Milewski

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

The sudden outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic posed a great threat to the world’s healthcare systems. It resulted in the development of new methods and algorithms for the diagnosis and treatment of both COVID-19 and its complications. Diagnostic imaging played a crucial role in both cases. Among the most widely used examinations are transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and computed tomography angiography (CTA). Cardiovascular complications in COVID-19 are frequently associated with a severe inflammatory response, which results in acute respiratory failure, further leading to severe complications of the cardiovascular system. Our review aims to discuss the value of TTE and CTA in …

Effect Of Fenugreek And Curry Leaves Powder On Dyslipidemia- A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study, Syeda Farha S, Shivani Agarwal, Vanitha Reddy P

International Journal of Health and Allied Sciences

Background: Dyslipidemias, a disorder of lipid metabolism, is widely established as an independent major and modifiable risk factor of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The conditions are common worldwide and a leading cause of death in India, and has even riven the age bar swaying in young people too. The significant effect of an increase in dyslipidemias depends on diabetes and hypertension. Nutraceuticals, derived from food sources serve as an alternative therapy for the management of dyslipidemia. India is home to multitudinous medicinal plants, of which many remain underutilized. Murraya Koenigii (curry leaf) and Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek leaves) are well-proven as good …

Healthy Eating Interventions Delivered In Early Childhood Education And Care Settings For Improving The Diet Of Children Aged Six Months To Six Years, Sze Lin Yoong, Melanie Lum, Luke Wolfenden, Jacklyn Jackson, Courtney Barnes, Alix E. Hall, Sam Mccrabb, Nicole Pearson, Cassandra Lane, Jannah Z. Jones, Lauren Dinour, Therese Mcdonnell, Debbie Booth, Alice Grady

Department of Nutrition and Food Studies Scholarship and Creative Works

Background

Dietary intake during early childhood can have implications on child health and developmental trajectories. Early childhood education and care (ECEC) services are recommended settings to deliver healthy eating interventions as they provide access to many children during this important period. Healthy eating interventions delivered in ECEC settings can include strategies targeting the curriculum (e.g. nutrition education), ethos and environment (e.g. menu modification) and partnerships (e.g. workshops for families). Despite guidelines supporting the delivery of healthy eating interventions in this setting, little is known about their impact on child health.

Objectives

To assess the effectiveness of healthy eating interventions delivered …