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Articles 991 - 1020 of 3612
Full-Text Articles in Industrial Engineering
A Methodology For Incorporating The Effect Of Grain Size On The Energy Efficiency Coefficient For Fatigue Crack Initiation Estimation In Polycrystalline Metal, Chun-Yu Ou, Rohit Voothaluru, C. Richard Liu
A Methodology For Incorporating The Effect Of Grain Size On The Energy Efficiency Coefficient For Fatigue Crack Initiation Estimation In Polycrystalline Metal, Chun-Yu Ou, Rohit Voothaluru, C. Richard Liu
Purdue University Libraries Open Access Publishing Fund
Estimating fatigue crack initiation of applied loading is challenging due to the large number of individual entities within a microstructure that could affect the accumulation of dislocations. In order to improve the prediction accuracy of fatigue crack initiation models, it is essential to accurately compute the energy dissipated into the microstructure per fatigue loading cycle. The extent of the energy dissipated within the microstructure as a fraction of the overall energy imparted by loading has previously been defined as the ‘energy efficiency coefficient’. This work studied the energy efficiency coefficient as a factor in the measurement of accumulated plastic strain …
Utilization And Standardization Of Beverage Based Containers, Michael T. Bobke, Jack C. Maughan, Kenia Vargas
Utilization And Standardization Of Beverage Based Containers, Michael T. Bobke, Jack C. Maughan, Kenia Vargas
Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
The purpose of this document is to formally describe and explain all of the decisions associated with the data collection and analysis for this Cal Poly Senior Project. Throughout the project, we will utilize and hone the skills that each team member has developed during our time in Cal Poly's Engineering program. In addition, this document will briefly describe some of Blue Diamond’s history as one of the biggest almond companies in the world. The statement of work will introduce and describe the current status of the beverage base container process and international beverage container design. Next it will discuss …
Rebar Impalement Safety, Spencer C. Nefores, Steven M. Hoover
Rebar Impalement Safety, Spencer C. Nefores, Steven M. Hoover
Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
This project is sponsored by Webcor with the purpose of finding a better solution to rebar impalement safety. The current rebar impalement safety caps being used by Webcor were found to frequently fall off after being installed. This results in workers being exposed to the hazard for longer than desired. The research that has been done by the team showed that rebar impalement is a serious hazard and results in injury or death every year. Site visits and interviews were performed to aid in understanding the problem and designing solutions. The customer needs, current state of the problem, existing solutions, …
Parklets San Luis, Owen Kenny, Preston Jag Stebel, Leonidas Goodman, Lukas Braun
Parklets San Luis, Owen Kenny, Preston Jag Stebel, Leonidas Goodman, Lukas Braun
Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Downtown San Luis Obispo has been a popular destination for tourists, students, families, and roadtrippers. However, according to Ryan Betz, Interim Assistant to the City Manager, foot traffic and retail business revenue has been decreasing. Downtown SLO does not have enough free public spaces. Recent projects such as sidewalk bump outs and lighted crosswalks have aimed at making SLO more pedestrian accessible, but they have not actually made downtown more pleasurable. These projects have not seemed to drive any more business or traffic downtown. There are a myriad of ways to rectify this; studies show that having a free place …
Some Recent Advances In Design Of Bayesian Binomial Reliability Demonstration Tests, Suiyao Chen
Some Recent Advances In Design Of Bayesian Binomial Reliability Demonstration Tests, Suiyao Chen
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Reliability demonstration test (RDT) is one of important reliability assurance activities to demonstrate products' quality over time. Binomial RDT (BRDT) is one class of RDTs with appealing features, such as less failure monitoring efforts and fewer reliability modeling assumptions. Integrating with Bayesian method further allows prior knowledge incorporation for potential test sample size reduction. However, conventional designs often assume the binary failure states (i.e., success and failure) and consider a single objective of minimizing the testing cost with limited planning horizon. In this dissertation, a series of RDT designs are proposed and studied by advancing the conventional Bayesian BRDT designs …
Development And Experimental Investigation Of Modular Crates For Industrial Packaging Applications, Marshal Louie, Kumar B
Development And Experimental Investigation Of Modular Crates For Industrial Packaging Applications, Marshal Louie, Kumar B
Journal of Applied Packaging Research
For the increased product varieties, engineered plywood crate production technique could not facilitate box size optimization. This paper investigates the implementation of modularity function onto the plywood crate to resize the pack cube volume on customer requirement and to reduce space wastage inside the box. This is achieved by using a new joint technique called “Flat- Post Tongue Joint”. The full-sized experimental work is carried out comprising Flexural test analysis on Flat-Post Tongue joint, Tensile test analysis on tongue joint and Box Compression Test analysis on the two developed models of modular crates namely Modifiable Reinforced Plywood Crate (MRPC) and …
On The Convergence Of Transportation And Power Systems In Smart And Connected Communities, Kevin A. Melendez
On The Convergence Of Transportation And Power Systems In Smart And Connected Communities, Kevin A. Melendez
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Even though the total number of light-duty vehicles in the U.S. is expected to increase by 2030, total fuel consumption is expected to significantly decrease in the same timeframe. This contradictory behavior is in part explained by the increasing utilization of electricity as the primary source of energy in the transportation sector. Due to its potential to decrease dependency on fossil fuels, electric transportation has become a promising approach to alleviate the increasing environmental crisis. Passenger car markets are expected to experience a flood of new Electric vehicles (EVs) in the next few years. EVs are considered effective resources to …
Dual-Axis Solar Tracker, Bryan Kennedy
Dual-Axis Solar Tracker, Bryan Kennedy
All Undergraduate Projects
Renewable energies, and fuels that are not fossil fuel-based, are one of the prolific topics of debate in modern society. With climate change now becoming a primary focus for scientists and innovators of today, one of the areas for the largest amount of potential and growth is that of the capturing and utilization of Solar Energy. This method involves using a mechanical system to track the progression of the sun as it traverses the sky throughout the day. A dual-axis solar tracker such as the one designed and built for this project, can follow the sun both azimuthally and in …
Research On Integration And Optimization Of Cosco Industrial Chain, Xiang Yan
Research On Integration And Optimization Of Cosco Industrial Chain, Xiang Yan
International Transport and Logistics
No abstract provided.
Customer Choice Modeling For Retail Category Assortment Planning And Product-Line Extension, Elham Nosratmirshekarlou
Customer Choice Modeling For Retail Category Assortment Planning And Product-Line Extension, Elham Nosratmirshekarlou
Wayne State University Dissertations
Growing competitiveness and increasing availability of data is generating great interest in data-driven analytics across industries. One of the areas that has gained a lot of attention is Customer choice modeling, which aims to explain the choices individual customers make in choosing from a set of products based on their preferences. While effective customer choice modeling is essential to a wide variety of application domains, including retail, it is challenging in practice due to limitations around the quality of the data available for modeling and potentially complex choice behaviors. This dissertation presents a hybrid modeling approach that relies on both …
Evaluation Of Fitts’ Throughput As A Possible Performance Measure For Manual Assembly Tasks, Pradyumna Bettagere Jagadish
Evaluation Of Fitts’ Throughput As A Possible Performance Measure For Manual Assembly Tasks, Pradyumna Bettagere Jagadish
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Assembly lines are the backbone of the manufacturing sector. Workers at the assembly lines are expected to perform fast pace hand-arm exertions with precision and accuracy. To protect the workers from injuries, OSHA mandates the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) including gloves. Certain assembly operations require the use of special gloves. Some of these gloves can inhibit hand performance, further increasing the task difficulty. The Index of Difficulty (ID) is a metric measured in ‘bits’ quantifies task difficulty through the quotient of target width and target motion, i.e., distance travelled. The time required to complete the target motion is …
Assess The Performance Against Ets And Pm1 And Evaluate The Users’ Experiences Of Comfort Of Nasal Filters, Ibrahim Almuhaidib
Assess The Performance Against Ets And Pm1 And Evaluate The Users’ Experiences Of Comfort Of Nasal Filters, Ibrahim Almuhaidib
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Many cities around the world experience severe air pollution. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 7 million people die annually from exposure to small airborne Particulate Matter (PM) that is found in atmospheric pollution. Particulate matter in atmospheric pollution is one of six classifications of common air pollutants and is typically referred to as PM1 and PM2.5. Particulates designated as PM1 and PM2.5 refer to particles having aerodynamic diameters of 1 or 2.5 micrometer (µm), respectively. These size ranges of particles are the most commonly found in air pollution. It is hard to differentiate …
Application Of Reliability Centered Maintenance In Railway Tracks, Sarita Rattanakunuprakarn
Application Of Reliability Centered Maintenance In Railway Tracks, Sarita Rattanakunuprakarn
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
Rail transport has played a significant role for a long time in the U.S. history. As other alternative transport modes have been developed, rail transport has increasingly faced more challenges to stay competitive. While heavy use of the rail, shortened service life and the need to meet consumer expectations have placed challenges, maintenance has become an integral part of the railway industry to assure efficacy and reliability of rail transportation. For this reason, there is a constant need to improve maintenance for a number of purposes, such as safety, quality, capacity, reliability, availability, punctuality, etc. In addition, optimizing maintenance strategy …
Mobile Health Technology To Enhance Healthcare Service Delivery In Developing Nations (Saudi Arabia), Nawaf Khan
Mobile Health Technology To Enhance Healthcare Service Delivery In Developing Nations (Saudi Arabia), Nawaf Khan
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
Saudi Arabia is among the countries that have very high prevalence rates of diabetes and hypertension, with prevalence rates of almost 18% and 25%, respectively. The majority of patients with diabetes and hypertension fail to manage their diseases and to show up for their follow up appointments. Mhealth technology is among the interventions that have been recently adopted to overcome these issues and improve the quality of healthcare services. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a mobile phone application named diabetes and hypertension application (DHA Tracking) to promote adherence for patients with diabetes and hypertension in Mecca, Saudi …
Leveraging Augmented Reality For Real-Time Operational Performance Management, Joshua Nelson
Leveraging Augmented Reality For Real-Time Operational Performance Management, Joshua Nelson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
Augmented Reality (AR) projects a virtual overlay onto real space so that the user can see a superimposed image over the real-world background. Although AR has advanced recently and a breadth of applications can be found in practice, they are focused on simple tasks with few examples of more complex work tasks. One area that could benefit from advancing AR technology is operations management, specifically operational performance measurement (OPM); however, a brief review of the literature reveals that this potential application area has not yet been explored. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to investigate the application of AR …
The Improvement Of Shewhart-Stable Time Series Processes By Applying Jensen-Shannon Complexity Measures To Characterize Emergent Structure, Blaine Lorimer
The Improvement Of Shewhart-Stable Time Series Processes By Applying Jensen-Shannon Complexity Measures To Characterize Emergent Structure, Blaine Lorimer
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
Despite the nearly universal imperative to continuously improve processes, Shewhart-stable time series are often ignored for improvement because of various generalized assumptions and "rules", many of which are actually very context dependent. The process control literature presents widely divergent views, including the extreme position that stable processes are completely random and therefore any further compensation ("tampering") can only increase process variability. The traditional reductionist approach to process improvement characterizes underlying factors using statistical variance measures, which has been very effective for unstable processes. However, this approach, especially when it involves Shewhart control charts, is generally much less effective for directing …
Identifying Diurnal Variability Of Brain Connectivity Patterns Using Graph Theory, Farzad Vasheghani Farahani
Identifying Diurnal Variability Of Brain Connectivity Patterns Using Graph Theory, Farzad Vasheghani Farahani
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
Circadian rhythms are 24-hour fluctuations determining periodicity in a wide range of physiological processes, including neural activity and hormone secretion, which controls sleeping and feeding habits. Despite significant diurnal variation in human brain function, neuroscientists have rarely considered the effects of time-of-day on their studies. Moreover, there are interpersonal discrepancies in sleep-wake patterns, diurnal preferences, and daytime alertness (known as chronotypes), which can cause different diurnal profiles in human cognition and brain performance. The study of circadian typology differences has increased in recent years, however, examining the effects of both time-of-day and people's chronotype requires further elucidation. In the present …
Creation And Analysis Of An Enhanced Rascal-Lvc Framework Capable Of Simulating Ionizing Radiation Damage To Emergency Responders During A Nuclear Power Plant Disaster: A Case Study In Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Electronic System Survivability, Buder Shageer
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
This study developed and analyzed the use of a live virtual constructive (LVC) framework capable of simulating ionizing radiation damage to Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) during a nuclear power plant disaster. UAV response promises greater safety to humans over helicopters as well as provides longer survivability in the presence of irradiated environments. However, electronics in unmanned systems are subject to radiation damage and over time eventual failure. A LVC simulation framework may offer an independent and low-cost assessment of equipment life expectancy. Knowing life expectancy of equipment for operational scenarios is critical for emergency management planners. This research creates an …
The Gamification Framework Of Military Flight Simulator For Effective Learning And Training Environment, Daeho Noh
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
The purpose of this thesis is to develop a framework for the gamification of flight simulators to provide an active learning and training environment for military jet pilots. Currently, with the development of visual displays and computer processing capabilities, the modern simulator has made great progress in visual and auditory terms that is incomparable to the past. In addition, functions that were previously implemented through supercomputers and complex hardware devices are now available through desktop computers at an affordable cost. Despite these advances, the simulators so far are thought to have been negligent in building an active learning and training …
Human Performance In Virtual Reality Environments And Its Exploration With Engineering Analytics, Fahad Alasim
Human Performance In Virtual Reality Environments And Its Exploration With Engineering Analytics, Fahad Alasim
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
Engineering Analytics (EA) is a technique used to derive meaningful insight from gathered data. It is an approach that has arisen, and it includes the process of analyzing data using analytics tools from fields such as Big Data, Machine Learning (ML), traditional operations research, statistics, and numerical methods. Industrial Engineering is an engineering field concerned with how to design better, improve, and install integrated systems, uses EA to understand and continually improve, innovate, and build new processes. Therefore, EA and Virtual Reality (VR) technology can be used in combination with Electroencephalography (EEG), a physiological measurement, to investigate human areas. The …
The Impact Of Work Environment On Successful Implementation Of Lean Six Sigma In Emergency Department, Elaf Makkawi
The Impact Of Work Environment On Successful Implementation Of Lean Six Sigma In Emergency Department, Elaf Makkawi
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
Continuous improvement (CI) is an initiative to improve the performance of processes in alignment with the customer needs and organizational strategy. Lean Six Sigma (LSS) is one of the most successful CI techniques in redesigning and improving significant processes to improve quality and eliminate waste. The healthcare sector has benefited from applying LSS due to its complicated work practices that face many challenges including increased expenditures and difficulties related to individual or community access to appropriate care. In particular, Emergency Departments (ED) have an important unit within healthcare organizations due to their essential role in providing urgent medical care services …
Assessing The Potential Of Implementing Blockchain In Supply Chains Using Agent-Based Simulation And Deep Learning, Mohammad Obeidat
Assessing The Potential Of Implementing Blockchain In Supply Chains Using Agent-Based Simulation And Deep Learning, Mohammad Obeidat
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
In this decade, with the rise of data science accompanying the growth of e-commerce, many technologies have been developed. An example of these technologies is Blockchain, which has appeared to overcome security problems potentially. This research assesses Blockchain's implementation in supply chains through a methodology that uses deep learning and agent-based simulation. A case study was utilized to observe and validate research developments. The unique method predicts intrusions by using deep learning, and agent-based modeling reproduces artificial but convincing agents (e.g., customers, companies, hackers, and cyber pirates) in a computer-generated market. Trust and other relationships are systematically captured to represent …
An Approach To Modeling Simulated Military Human-Agent Teaming, Maartje Hidalgo
An Approach To Modeling Simulated Military Human-Agent Teaming, Maartje Hidalgo
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
With the rise of human-agent teaming (HAT), a new cycle of scientific discovery commenced. Through scientific discovery, a number of theories of constructs in HAT were developed, however, an overarching model is lacking that elucidates the relative importance of these constructs in relation to human performance. The main objective of this research was to develop a model of simulated military HAT and to validate it against selected empirical data. Experimental data borrowed from four simulated military HAT studies were used to test the proposed Core model. The Core model was assumed to be directly affecting task performance and consisted of …
Investigation In Engineering Leadership Using System Engineering And Virtual Reality, Charles Davis
Investigation In Engineering Leadership Using System Engineering And Virtual Reality, Charles Davis
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
System Engineering can help derive requirements and specifications to build virtual environments which are good to test behaviors and attitudes. Virtual simulations can have a strong impact because role-playing facilitates active learning, permits the acceptance of new concepts, and generates increased interest, enthusiasm, and motivation. Research over the last 50 years has shown that reasoning with and about context is an essential aspect of human cognition, permeating language, memory, and reasoning capabilities. This integral process is developed over a lifetime through experiential learning. In this research, we utilize systems engineering to capture guidelines from psychologist and concepts of technological leadership. …
Mathematical Modeling, Optimal Control And Stability Analysis For Dynamic Supply Chains, Yasser Alberto Davizon
Mathematical Modeling, Optimal Control And Stability Analysis For Dynamic Supply Chains, Yasser Alberto Davizon
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Dynamic supply chains (SC) are important to reduce inventory, to enable the flow of materials, and maximize profits. By this, dynamic SC require proper decision-making with effective performance and synchronization. In operations and production planning processes, decision-makers develop convenient and suitable decisions, to validate their hypoThesis about which decisions incorporate more profit while reducing costs on enterprise operations. Based on this, inventory management plays a crucial point in the supply chain analysis. In general, SC processes raw material, cash, and information flows, taking into account the demand profile of the system. This research work presents the mathematical modeling, optimal control, …
Design Of Experiments Analysis Of Powder Removal Methods For Ebm Manufactured Ti-6al-4v Parts, Luis Cesar Ramos Castañeda
Design Of Experiments Analysis Of Powder Removal Methods For Ebm Manufactured Ti-6al-4v Parts, Luis Cesar Ramos Castañeda
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Additive Manufacturing is a technology that allows the on-demand manufacturing of complex geometries that cannot be fabricated through traditional subtractive manufacturing methods. Powder Bed Fusion is one of the seven categories of Additive Manufacturing with two subcategories, the Laser Beam Melting and the Electron Beam Melting. Freedom of design, rapid prototyping, and customization are some of the benefits that this technology provides. Like any technology, there are limitations for each category and subcategory. The Electron Beam Melting uses the electron beam to pre-heat the powder bed, reducing the temperature difference between the build part and powder bed, causing the surrounding …
Weather Prediction: Improving Accuracy Using Data Mining And Forecasting Techniques, Pedro Marquez
Weather Prediction: Improving Accuracy Using Data Mining And Forecasting Techniques, Pedro Marquez
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
This study is focused to provide the insights of weather to understand the significance of weather changes in any parameter. Weather forecasting contributes to the social and economic welfare in many sections of the society. Weather is extremely difficult to predict because it is a complex and chaotic system. This means that small errors in the initial conditions of a forecast grow rapidly and affect predictability. Nowadays, massive real-time data is being generated by IoT devices, radars, weather stations, and satellites. The need to adopt big data analytics in IoT applications is compelling. These two technologies have already been recognized …
แบบจำลองสถานการณ์ของเหตุการณ์ที่ไม่ต่อเนื่องเพื่อประเมินประสิทธิภาพของท่าเรือบก กรณีศึกษาท่าเรือบกลาดกระบัง, พิพัฒน์ พิมพะนิตย์
แบบจำลองสถานการณ์ของเหตุการณ์ที่ไม่ต่อเนื่องเพื่อประเมินประสิทธิภาพของท่าเรือบก กรณีศึกษาท่าเรือบกลาดกระบัง, พิพัฒน์ พิมพะนิตย์
Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)
ท่าเรือบกเป็นหนึ่งในสิ่งอำนวยความสะดวกหลักในเครือข่ายการขนส่งทางทะเล ที่ช่วยให้ผู้ขนส่งสามารถเข้าถึงภูมิภาคต่าง ๆ ของโลกได้ ผ่านการเชื่อมต่อกับท่าเรือ ในขณะที่ผลกระทบของท่าเรือบกต่อประสิทธิภาพของการขนส่งแบบหลายรูปแบบนั้นค่อนข้างมีความชัดเจนในช่วงเวลาที่ผ่านมา การประเมินประสิทธิภาพของท่าเรือบกเองกลับมีความซับซ้อน เนื่องจากมีความเกี่ยวพันกับผู้ให้บริการที่หลากหลาย ซี่งแต่ละผู้ให้บริการต่างก็บริหารจัดการทรัพยากรภายใน หรือ CHE ที่มีจำนวนแตกต่างกันออกไป ด้วยเหตุดังกล่าว ผู้วิจัยจึงได้นำเสนอแบบจำลองสถานการณ์ของเหตุการณ์ที่ไม่ต่อเนื่อง เพื่อใช้ในการประเมินประสิทธิภาพของท่าเรือบกลาดกระบัง (LICD) ในปัจจุบัน และในอนาคต ผ่านโปรเเกรม SIMIO โดยอ้างอิงจากข้อมูลของ LICD ในปัจจุบัน และแผนการปรับปรุง LICD ใหม่ จากการศึกษา ผู้วิจัยพบว่า เมื่อพิจารณาจากประสิทธิภาพการใช้งานของทรัพยากรภายใน LICD ประสิทธิภาพโดยรวมของ LICD ในปัจจุบันมีค่าค่อนข้างต่ำ โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งสำหรับรถบรรทุกหัวลากภายใน นอกจากนี้ผู้วิจัยยังพบว่า ประสิทธิภาพของการใช้งานทรัพยากรภายในมีแนวโน้มที่เปลี่ยนแปลงไปอย่างเห็นได้ชัด เมื่อมีการเปลี่ยนสัดส่วนการขนส่งตามนโยบายการขนส่งใหม่ ในทำนองเดียวกัน ประสิทธิภาพโดยรวมของ LICD ในอนาคตนั้น ส่วนใหญ่ขึ้นอยู่กับจำนวนของทรัพยากรภายในแต่ละประเภทที่ถูกสรรหามาในแต่ละรอบการสรรหา โดยรถเครนขนถ่ายตู้คอนเทนเนอร์ปกติ หรือ FCL Crane จัดเป็นทรัพยากรภายในหลักที่มีแนวโน้มการใช้งานมากสูงสุด ด้วยเหตุดังกล่าว ผู้วางแผนจึงควรจัดหา FCL Crane ในแต่ละรอบการสรรหาให้เหมาะสมกับจำนวนตู้คอนเทนเนอร์ที่มีการขนถ่ายผ่าน LICD เพื่อให้ LICD สามารถดำเนินการได้อย่างมีประสิทธิภาพสูงสุด
Factors Affecting The Performance Of Photo-Voltaic Solar Energy Storage, Vasanth Bhat
Factors Affecting The Performance Of Photo-Voltaic Solar Energy Storage, Vasanth Bhat
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
One of the most important factors in a nation's development is energy availability. All the aspects of its economy are directly proportional to the energy resources. Oil is one of the most sought energy resources currently. Solar energy is one of the most important renewable sources of energy available to us. With oil deposits depleting and current global warming, there is an emphasis on using more and more renewable sources or clean energy. This has led to immense research on solar cells and how it could better be used to get maximum output. Storage of energy is another aspect that …
Queueing-Inventory Models For A Two-Vendor System With Positive Service Times, Srinivas Chakravarthy, Khizer Hayat
Queueing-Inventory Models For A Two-Vendor System With Positive Service Times, Srinivas Chakravarthy, Khizer Hayat
Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Publications
Queueing-inventory systems wherein the demands are processed with random service times have been getting a lot of attention recently. In such systems, each demand needs one or more inventory items and needs positive processing times. The inventory is generally replenished using -type policy and the lead times are assumed to be random. In this paper we introduce the concept of multiple vendors who will be responsible for the replenishment of inventory. Under the assumptions of a two-vendor system wherein the demands occurring according to a Markovian arrival process, the service times to be of phase type, and the lead times …