Power and Energy Commons^™

Regulation Of Copper Surface Via Redox Reactions For Enhancing Carbon Dioxide Electroreduction, Bao-Hua Hang, Jin-Tao Zhang

Journal of Electrochemistry

A large-scale application of fossil fuels has led to excessive emission of carbon dioxide (CO₂), resulting in serious environmental issues. A promising path to reducing CO₂ emissions is recycling CO₂ into valuable chemicals and fuels through an electrochemical process. Herein, the redox reactions between copper (Cu) and ferric chloride (FeCl₃) have been utilized to regulate the Cu surface composition and structure, aimed to improve the electrocatalytic activity toward CO₂ reduction. Typically, a series of samples (named Cu-1h, Cu-2h, Cu-3h and Cu-4h) were prepared via the redox reactions for various time from 1 to …

Single-Layer Oxygen Deficiency Δ-Mno2 For Electrochemical Co2 Reduction, Yue-Feng Zhang, Jian-Jun Liu, Zeng-Xi Wei, Xin-Xin Tian, Jian-Min Ma

Journal of Electrochemistry

Manganese dioxide (MnO₂) has been widely used in catalysis. In addition, since the defect engineering can change the electronic properties of the catalyst, here we have systematically studied electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO₂RR) on δ-MnO₂ with and without oxygen deficiency, denoted as Ov-MnO₂ and MnO₂, respectively. We calculate the electronic properties and the intermediate of free energy for MnO₂ and Ov-MnO₂ with the help of spin-polarized density functional theory. By analyzing this result, we can find that the introduction of defects change the δ-MnO₂ from semiconducting properties to …

Statuses, Challenges And Strategies In The Development Of Low-Temperature Carbon Dioxide Electroreduction Technology, Xu-Rui Zhang, Xiao-Lin Shao, Jin Yi, Yu-Yu Liu, Jiu-Jun Zhang

Journal of Electrochemistry

Low-temperature carbon dioxide (CO₂) electrochemical reduction technology is a hotspot for research and development in recent years as a way to reduce the negative impact of CO₂ on the environment and to generate energy storage through converting electricity to low-carbon fuels. Although basic research on catalyst activity, product selectivity, and reaction mechanism has been widely reported, the design and practicality of catalytic stability and corresponding electrochemical reactor systems have not been given sufficient attention and systematic development.  In this paper, two important factors affecting the development of CO₂ electrochemical reduction technology in low temperature aqueous solution …

Copper-Based Compounds For Electrochemical Reduction Of Carbon Dioxide, Fan Yang, Pei-Lin Deng, You-Jia Han, Pan Jing, Bao-Yu Xia

Journal of Electrochemistry

The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO₂) to useful chemicals and fuels has attracted enormous interest since the deteriorating global warming and energy shortage problems resulted from ever-increasing CO₂ emission. Designing efficient catalysts is of capital significance to realize the efficient and selective conversion of CO₂. Among various catalysts explored, copper-based compounds have promising potentials with acceptable efficiency for hydrocarbon production. Herein, recent advances on copper-based materials are summarized for electrochemical CO₂ conversion. We intend to include the dimensional structure, different forms (alloy, oxide) and molecular catalysts in copper-based catalysts. Moreover, the reaction mechanisms …

Recent Advances In Bismuth-Based Co2 Reduction Electrocatalysts, Rui Zhou, Na Han, Yan-Guang Li

Journal of Electrochemistry

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is an economical, secure and sustainable carbon resource around us. Its effective capture and recycling have been the focus of our entire society. Using the electrochemical method, CO₂ can be reduced to different value-added chemicals or fuels. This approach not only would mitigate CO₂ accumulation in the atmosphere, but also would help alleviate our dependence on fossil fuel. In this article, the basic principle and process of electrochemical CO₂ reduction are first introduced. The recent development in bismuth-based catalysts for electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction is reviewed with an emphasis on their preparation, …

Electrocatalytic Reduction Of Carbon Dioxide To Carbon Monoxide Using Cobalt Nitride, Chen Ma, Peng-Fei Hou, Peng Kang

Journal of Electrochemistry

Electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide (CO₂) is a promising method to alleviate global warming issues, although it still faces many challenges. Herein, we report cobalt nitride for electrocatalytic reduction of CO₂ to carbon monoxide (CO) in an aqueous electrolyte. A comparison of catalysts with different preparation temperatures and atmospheres suggests that nitrogen doping is critical to improve catalytic activity. For the most active catalyst of 700-Co_5.47N/C, the CO current density reached 9.78 mA·cm^-2 at potential of -0.7 V vs. RHE. In addition, the CO/H₂ ratio could be adjusted from 1:3 to 3:2 by …

Effect Of Morphology Of Fe-N Codoped Carbon Nanomaterial On Electrochemical Reduction Reactions, Er-Ling Li, Fa Yang, Ming-Bo Ruan, Ping Song, Wei-Lin Xu

Journal of Electrochemistry

Graphene nanosheets (GS) and carbon nanotubes have been considered as good catalysts candidates for applications in energy conversion and storage. However, hybrids of GS and carbon nanotubes are always formed in transition metal-based nitrogen-doped system, making the system quite complex for exploring the structure-activity relationship. To prepare the catalysts with desired species controllably, we try to adjust the outcomes with the effect of nitrogen on the growth of carbon nanotubes. In this work, a series of Fe-N co-doped carbon hybrid catalysts containing N-doped GS or hybrids of GS/bamboo carbon nanotubes (BCNTs) or BCNTs were obtained with one-step pyrolyzed method. To …

Electrochemical Detection Of 4-Nitrophenol Based On Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified By Tio2Nps/Rgo Composite, Lin-Na Jiu, Yong-Qiang Cheng

Journal of Electrochemistry

4-nitrophenol (4-NP) has become factitious pollution, and presented a serious threat to the nature and human health. It is necessary to develop a convenient and fast detection method. In this work, the glassy carbon electrode modified by titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂NPs)/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) composite as an electrochemical sensor was studied for the trace detection of 4-NP. The morphology of the composite was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The homogeneous mixing of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and reduced graphene oxide increased the specific surface area of the composite, and facilitated the electrochemical reaction of 4-NP. The electrochemical characteristics …

Preparations And Electrocatalytic Properties Of Cu-Bipy-Btc-Derived Carbon-Based Catalyst For Oxygen Reduction Reaction, Li-Hua Zhang, Jun-Feng Chen, Wan-Tang Huang, Yong-You Hu, Jian-Hua Cheng, Yuan-Cai Chen

Journal of Electrochemistry

Efficient and low-cost oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalyst plays a key role for fuel cells. In this paper, ORR active metal organic framework (MOF: Cu-bipy-BTC, bipy = 2,2?-bipyridine, BTC = 1,3,5-tricarboxylate) was prepared using hydrothermal method, and then carbon-based material MOF-800 was obtained from pyrolyzing Cu-bipy-BTC at 800 °C. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nitrogen sorption isotherm and X-ray photolectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the morphologies and structures of the catalysts. Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and current-time curve (i-t) were adopted to evaluate the electrocatalytic properties of the catalysts. The results …

Understanding Of The Ship Design Energy Efficiency And Its Implications In Practice, Haichao Yuan

Maritime Safety & Environment Management Dissertations (Dalian)

No abstract provided.

Machine Learning In Support Of Electric Distribution Asset Failure Prediction, Robert D. Flamenbaum, Thomas Pompo, Christopher Havenstein, Jade Thiemsuwan

SMU Data Science Review

In this paper, we present novel approaches to predicting as- set failure in the electric distribution system. Failures in overhead power lines and their associated equipment in particular, pose significant finan- cial and environmental threats to electric utilities. Electric device failure furthermore poses a burden on customers and can pose serious risk to life and livelihood. Working with asset data acquired from an electric utility in Southern California, and incorporating environmental and geospatial data from around the region, we applied a Random Forest methodology to predict which overhead distribution lines are most vulnerable to fail- ure. Our results provide evidence …

Visualizing United States Energy Production Data, Bruce P. Kimbark, Melissa Luzardo, Charles South, James Taber

SMU Data Science Review

Power plants production, load, financials and environmental impact from power plants in the United States is publicly available either from the Energy Information Administration, the Environmental Protection Agency or Lazard among others. The general public is interested in US energy production and its potential environmental impact but the available information is complex and difficult to properly understand and not shared in ways that are accessible. Our objective was to gather this data and create different interactive visualizations that make it consumable. Each of the five visualization was designed to explain a specific part of energy that together can provide a …

Design, Development And Implementation Of An Electrical Controller For A Solar-Electrical Collector, Sahar Mahboob, Razieh Pourdarbani, Bahman Behfar, Hossein Behfar

Emirates Journal for Engineering Research

Todays, maintaining atmospheric health is one of the most important prerequisites for sustainable global economic development, and the international community has no choice but to switch to renewable energies, including solar energy. The goal of the study was to provide a temperature of 60 ° C for drying summer fruits such as apricots therefore we investigated the effect of temperature control systems on the solar-electrical collector performance. Three LM35 temperature sensors were placed at 3 points of the collector (before the air inlet to the collector, after the air outlet from the collector and after heating elements) that were linked …

Design And Analysis Of Modular Axial Flux Switched Reluctance Motor, Rochak Shiwakoti

LSU New Orleans Theses and Dissertations

This thesis presents a new modular structure of the axial flux Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM). The design consists of four stator disks with each adjacent disk rotated 30 degrees apart and four rotor disks connected to a common shaft. The proposed design aims to reduce the unwanted radial force, mitigate the torque ripple, and improve the efficiency. The modular structure distributes the radial force and torque strokes along the axial length of the motor, potentially damping the torque pulsation. In addition, the modular structure would deliver the rating power at a lower current level, reducing the overall ohmic loss. Moreover, …

Modeling And Simulation Of A Utility-Scale Battery Energy Storage System, Oluwaseun M. Akeyo, Vandana Rallabandi, Nicholas Jewell, Dan M. Ionel

Power and Energy Institute of Kentucky Faculty Publications

This paper presents the modeling and simulation study of a utility-scale MW level Li-ion based battery energy storage system (BESS). A runtime equivalent circuit model, including the terminal voltage variation as a function of the state of charge and current, connected to a bidirectional power conversion system (PCS), was developed based on measurements from an operational utility-scale battery demonstrator. The accelerated response of the battery unit was verified by pulse discharging it from maximum to minimum SOC and its application for grid resiliency was demonstrated through an example droop control frequency response. For the purpose of validating the equivalent BESS …

Load Variation Reduction By Aggregation In A Community Of Rooftop Pv Residences, Huangjie Gong, Vandana Rallabandi, Dan M. Ionel

Power and Energy Institute of Kentucky Faculty Publications

This paper performs computational studies and develops control schemes for a virtual power plant (VPP) network formed by a community of homes with rooftop solar PV generation, and battery energy storage. Appropriate control and scheduling of the battery operations, and peer-peer power flow between the homes provide a possible solutions for reducing the higher costs and uncertainties brought to grid by high solar PV penetration. The residential community studied here includes twelve homes categorized into four types depending on whether they have energy storage or rooftop solar PV panels. The homes exchange power among themselves, and the real-time electricity rate …

Smart Charging Of Future Electric Vehicles Using Roadway Infrastructure, Sara Ahmed, Ethan Ahn, Mahmoud Reda Taha, Samer Dessouky, Moneeb Genedy, Daniel Fernandez, Ann Sebestian, Patience Raby

Data

Corresponding data set for Tran-SET Project No. 18ITSTSA03. Abstract of the final report is stated below for reference:

"Inspired by the fact that there is an immense amount of renewable energy sources available on the roadways such as mechanical pressure and frictional heat, this study presented the development and implementation of an innovative charging technique for future electric vehicles (EVs) by fully utilizing the existing roadways and the state-of-the-art nanotechnology and power electronics. The project introduced a novel wireless charging system, SIC (Smart Illuminative Charging), that uses LEDs powered by piezoelectric nanomaterials as the energy transmitter source and thin film …

Smart Charging Of Future Electric Vehicles Using Roadway Infrastructure, Sara Ahmed, Ethan Ahn, Mahmoud Reda Taha, Samer Dessouky, Moneeb Genedy, Daniel Fernandez, Ann Sebestian, Patience Raby

Publications

Inspired by the fact that there is an immense amount of renewable energy sources available on the roadways such as mechanical pressure and frictional heat, this study presented the development and implementation of an innovative charging technique for future electric vehicles (EVs) by fully utilizing the existing roadways and the state-of-the-art nanotechnology and power electronics. The project introduced a novel wireless charging system, SIC (Smart Illuminative Charging), that uses LEDs powered by piezoelectric nanomaterials as the energy transmitter source and thin film solar panels placed at the bottom of the EVs as the receiver, which is then poised to deliver …

Backstepping Control And Transformation Of Multi-Input Multi-Output Affine Nonlinear Systems Into A Strict Feedback Form, Khalid Salim D. Alharbi

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation presents an improved method for controlling multi-input multi-output affine nonlinear systems. A method based on Lie derivatives of the system's outputs is proposed to transform the system into an equivalent strict feedback form. This enables using backstepping control approaches based on Lyapunov stability and integrator backstepping theory to be applied. The geometrical coordinate transformation of multi-input multi-output affine nonlinear systems into strict feedback form has not been detailed in previous publications. In this research, a new approach is presented that extends the transformation process of single-input single-output nonlinear. A general algorithm of the transformation process is formulated. The …

Five-Level Flying Capacitor Converter Used As A Static Compensator For Current Unbalances In Three-Phase Distribution Systems, Rafael Franceschi

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This thesis presents and evaluates a solution for unbalanced current loading in three-phase distribution systems. The proposed solution uses the flying capacitor multilevel converter as its main topology for an application known as Unbalanced Current Static Compensator. The fundamental theory, controller design and prototype construction will be presented along with the experimental results. The Unbalanced Current Static Compensator main objective is the balancing of the up-stream currents from the installation point to eliminate the negative- and zero-sequence currents originated by unbalanced single-phase loads.

Three separate single-phase flying capacitor converters are controlled independently using a d-q rotating reference frame algorithm to …

Triple-Junction Solar Cells : In Parallel., Levi C Mays

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This paper looks into the current inefficiency of solar cells and attempts a few alternative solar cell structures in order to provide a more effective source of renewable energy. Currently, multi-junction solar cells are being developed to capture the sun’s light more efficiently. One of the ideas in this paper is to add a window to see if the addition of such a layer into a junction will increase the voltage while maintaining nearly the same current output. Central to this paper is the rearranging of the conducting layers of the multi-junction cell so that the junctions can be connected …

Residential Electricity Management And Protection System, Ejimonu Kosisochukwu Gabriel

Journal of International Technology and Information Management

The Residential Electricity Monitoring System is an electricity meter connected to the Internet to provide real time data on the power system in your home. The REMS is designed to replace the distribution board allowing it to conduct a series of tests on the quality of the electricity supply to your home/facility and, within your home detect basic wiring faults and allow owners and service providers to identify potential problems with the electrical systems.

The electrical monitoring system finally puts proper electrical control into the hands of the home owner by providing him with the ability to control power distribution …

Swarm Behavior To Mitigate Rebound In Air Conditioning Demand Response Events, Jason Yasuto Kuwada

Boise State University Theses and Dissertations

Thermostatically Controlled Loads (TCLs) have shown great potential for Demand Response (DR) events. However, it has been commonly seen that DR events using TCLs may cause demand rebound, especially in homogeneous populations. To further explore the potential for DR events, as well as the negative effects, a stability and resilience analysis were performed on multiple populations and verified with agent based modeling simulations.

At the core of this study is an added thermostat criterion created from the combination of a proportional gain and the average compressor operating state of neighboring TCLs. Where DR events in TCLs are commonly controlled by …

Beneficial Reuse Of Industrial Co2 Emissions Using A Microalgae Photobioreactor: Waste Heat Utilization Assessment, Daniel T. Mohler, Michael H. Wilson, Zhen Fan, John G. Groppo, Mark Crocker

Center for Applied Energy Research Faculty and Staff Publications

Microalgae are a potential means of recycling CO₂ from industrial point sources. With this in mind, a novel photobioreactor (PBR) was designed and deployed at a coal-fired power plant. To ascertain the feasibility of using waste heat from the power plant to heat algae cultures during cold periods, two heat transfer models were constructed to quantify PBR cooling times. The first, which was based on tabulated data, material properties and the physical orientation of the PBR tubes, yielded a range of heat transfer coefficients of 19–64 W m⁻² K⁻¹ for the PBR at wind speeds of 1–10 …

Forecasting In Blockchain-Based Local Energy Markets, Michael Kostmann, Wolfgang Karl Hardle

Sim Kee Boon Institute for Financial Economics

Increasingly volatile and distributed energy production challenges traditional mechanisms to manage grid loads and price energy. Local energy markets (LEMs) may be a response to those challenges as they can balance energy production and consumption locally and may lower energy costs for consumers. Blockchain-based LEMs provide a decentralized market to local energy consumer and prosumers. They implement a market mechanism in the form of a smart contract without the need for a central authority coordinating the market. Recently proposed blockchain-based LEMs use auction designs to match future demand and supply. Thus, such blockchain-based LEMs rely on accurate short-term forecasts of …

Energy Transformation And Conservation Investigation, Mike Jackson, Holly Haney

High School Lesson Plans

Students will use a thermoelectric generator module to analyze the relationship between thermal and electrical energies. Using data collection sensors and analysis software, students will investigate the relationship between the temperature gradient across a thermoelectric generator module and the resulting electrical potential. Students will then use their data and analysis to solve problems relating to waste thermal energy in electrical systems and communicate their work to their peers and teacher.

Co-Optimization Approach To Post-Storm Recovery For Interdependent Power And Transportation Systems, Yinyin Ge, Lili Du, Hongzing Ye

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

The power and transportation systems are urban interdependent critical infrastructures (CIs). During the post-disaster restoration process, transportation mobility and power restoration process are interdependent, and their functionalities significantly affect other well-beings of other urban CIs. Therefore, to enhance the resilience of urban CIs, successful recovery strategies should promote CI function cooperatively and synergistically to distribute goods and services efficiently. This paper develops an integrative framework that addresses the challenges of enhancing the recovery efficiency of urban power and transportation systems in short-term recovery period. Specifically, the post-storm recovery process is considered as a scheduling problem under the constraints representing crew …

The Comparative Analysis Of The Performances Of Four And Six Pole Pairs Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator, Ra Msuya

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Wind power applications using multi-poles permanent magnet generators have become very attractive especially in small ratings. Low-speed multi-pole PM generators are maintenance-free and may be used in different climate conditions. Most of the low speed wind turbine generators presented is permanent magnet machines, which have advantages of high efficiency and reliability since there is no need of external excitation and conductor losses are removed from the rotor. From the study two types of PM AC generator are designed with 6 pole pairs and the other one with 4 pole pairs. These generators were designed and analysed using Maxwell software. The …

Electrocatalytic Nanomaterials For Reduction Of Hydrogen Peroxide As Potential Radioprotectors, Rui-Hong Jia, Jin-Xuan Zhang, Xiao-Dong Zhang, Mei-Xian Li

Journal of Electrochemistry

Nanomaterials have shown many potential application prospects in the biomedical field, such as medical imaging, drug delivery and biosensing due to their unique physical and chemical properties. In this review we focus on nanomaterials that have shown not only abilities of radiation protection, but also good electrocatalytic activities toward reduction reactions of hydrogen peroxide and oxygen. We discuss the abilities of radiation protection of these nanomaterials that are ascribed to their enzyme-like activities because their catalytic properties provide an effective pathway for scavenging free radicals in vivo via rapid reactions with reactive oxygen species. We also provide insights into electrocatalytic …

Improving Power Network Resilience Against Threats, Hamzeh Davarikia

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The work reported in this dissertation aims at developing a practical tool for utility transmission planners to improve the power network resilience against high-impact, low-frequency events (HILF). Such events rarely happen, but when occurred are catastrophic. In this dissertation, we studied the impact of HILF from the static and dynamic point of view and proposed the planning strategy to lower the devastating effect of the HILF.

In the static analysis, we consider the steady-state situation of the power grids and plan to protect the grid’s components, i.e., generators, buses, and transmission lines, to maximize preserving demand in a disastrous situation. …