Electromagnetics and Photonics Commons^™

Novel Formulation For Generalization Of Mixed-Mode S-Parameters For Coupled Differential High-Speed Digital Channels, Manish K. Mathew, Kevin Cai, Chaofeng Li, Mehdi Mousavi, Shameem Ahmed, Donghyun Kim

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

As the demand for higher data rates intensifies, achieving accurate S-parameter calculation becomes increasingly critical. The conventional single-ended to mixed-mode S-parameter conversion formulation assumes uncoupled structures, which may not be true for high-speed digital channels. This work introduces a novel, generalized formulation for mixed-mode S-parameters and their corresponding transformation matrices [M1] and [M2], enabling comprehensive analysis of multi-pair coupled differential traces. An intra-pair crosstalk analysis of a tightly coupled strip line and microstrip line verifies and highlights the difference between the proposed and old formulations. A loosely coupled case is analyzed as an additional validation of the proposed formulation. Finally, …

Behavior Model Of A Multiphase Voltage Regulator Module With Rapid Voltage Drop Protection, Junho Joo, Hanyu Zhang, Hanfeng Wang, Wei Shen, Zhigang Liang, Lihui Cao, Seungtaek Jeong, Chulsoon Hwang

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this paper, a modeling method of voltage regulator module (VRM) with rapid voltage drop protection is introduced. The proposed VRM model captures a pulse-width modulation scheme developed to counteract substantial load currents with high di/dt, resulting in a large voltage drop across the power delivery network (PDN). The equations to describe the non-linear behavior associated with the multiphase VRM behavior are proposed and successfully validated for both light and heavy loads, the latter being particularly crucial to trigger the voltage drop protection measures.

Modeling Of Power Distrubition Network (Pdn) Noise Coupling Induced Clock Phase Noise, Zhekun Peng, Junyong Park, Chaofeng Li, Joey Stecher, Srinivas Venkataraman, Xu Wang, Granthana Rangaswamy, Donghyun Kim

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Phase noise analysis is important to clock design. Noise sources of spurs shown on the phase noise result are challenging to find out due to the unknown source locations and coupling mechanisms. Noise from power distribution network (PDN) is one of the most troublesome sources. A behavioral modeling methodology is proposed to simulate the clock phase noise induced by PDN noise coupling for two different mechanisms: PDN-to-clock additive coupling and PDN-to-PDN up-conversion modulation. The thermal noise and 1/f flicker noise are simplified to provide a straightforward view of spur level. The model can be applied to both single-ended clock and …

Cascading Of 2d And 3d Simulations Of Asic Substrate Interconnect Up To 100 Ghz, Zhekun Peng, Junyong Park, Sathvika Bandi, Santosh Pappu, Srinivas Venkataraman, Xu Wang, Granthana Ranzaswamy, Donghyun Kim

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A method of cascading 3D models and 2D models to model the full channel of ASIC package substrate interconnects is proposed, showing good match to full-wave results in S-parameter and TDR up to 100 GHz.

Impact Of Non-Functional Pads Location On Eye Diagram Performance, Mehdi Mousavi, Kevin Cai, Junyong Park, Chaofeng Li, Manish K. Mathew, Reza Asadi, Shameem Ahmed, Donghyun Kim, Bidyut Sen

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This study shows that placing four NFPs in selective PCB layers significantly improves signal integrity, reducing minimum jitter from 18.28 ps to 12.81 ps and maximum jitter from 27.66 ps to 22.03 ps.

Suppression Of Power Distribution Network Pcb-Package Resonance For Low Target Impedance, Francesco De Paulis, Faye Squires, Yifan Ding, Matteo Cocchini, Matthew Doyle, Samuel Connor, Albert E. Ruehli, Chulsoon Hwang, Lijun Jiang

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The suppression of the large resonance peak that may appear due to the equivalent parallel circuit between the package capacitance and PCB inductance is discussed. Such resonance may be amplified if the decoupling capacitors are not appropriately selected. The relevant parameters involved in the PDN design, and a feasible solution strategy are presented based on the identification of a simplified equivalent circuit that is able to replicate the resonant behavior. The optimization of the relevant parameters of such circuit are able to suggest the best strategy for identifying the decoupling capacitors with appropriate values of parasitic inductance and resistance.

Ring Resonators Intergrating With Dichoric Materials And In Spin-Valley Controlled Photonic Topological System, Yuma Kawaguchi

Dissertations and Theses

Photonic technology plays an important role in the development of diverse applications, ranging from optical telecommunications to sensing and imaging. The utilization of photonic circuits emerges as a promising platform for the establishment of advanced communication systems characterized by high speed and large capacity. This advancement is crucial to facilitate fast and efficient data transfer while concurrently managing multiple devices. It is imperative that essential components such as lasers, modulators, and isolators exhibit compactness without incurring significant losses.

Non-reciprocal devices represent a valuable addition to photonic circuits, enabling the creation of unidirectional waveguides that function as optical isolators, preventing signals …

Hyperspectral And Polarimetric Imaging Of The Ocean For The Characterization Of The Surface Effects And Measurement Uncertainties, Mateusz Malinowski

Dissertations and Theses

Ocean and coastal waters are monitored by Ocean Color satellite sensors to determine concentrations of chlorophyll and water properties and identify areas of algal blooms and other events. The light radiance from the ocean is weak in comparison with the sky radiance, which requires very accurate atmospheric correction of the radiance measured at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) on the satellite and heavy validation of the derived water leaving radiance by field measurements from the ships and ocean platforms. For TOA and especially above water radiance the skylight reflected from the ocean surface represents one of the main sources …

Applications Of Plasmonic Biosensors In Chiral And Achiral Sensing, Aritra Biswas

Graduate Thesis and Dissertation 2023-2024

Monitoring biological systems is crucial in healthcare, driving the need for reliable and noninvasive solutions. The proliferation of unverified drugs in the market necessitates reliable methods for their detection and identification, especially amidst advancements in pharmaceuticals. Plasmonic biosensors emerge as a great platform for ultra-sensitive detection, identification, and manipulation of biomolecular systems. This dissertation report addresses the critical need for precise detection and monitoring of biomolecules and drugs, presenting innovative solutions through the design of a plasmonic biosensor to tackle challenges in sensitivity, selectivity, and label-free detection and identification. We introduce a robust and tunable, cavity-integrated plasmonic nanopatterned sensor that …

Spin Wave Devices For Embedded Applications And Information Processing, Raisa Fabiha

Theses and Dissertations

Device miniaturization is a prerequisite for modern day electronics. Spintronics offers immense potential in energy efficient data storage, solid states devices, ultrafast computing and other electronic applications because of their low power consumption, non-volatile nature and unique activation mechanism. The conventional nano-antennas used for wireless communication, biomedical and wearable devices and IoT applications are limited by the traditional Harrington limit. As we attempt to miniaturize the antenna size beyond its emitted wavelength (also called “subwavelength” antenna), its gain and efficiency plummet. To overcome this challenge, the researchers have proposed magnetoelectric antennas. The ultra-thin film based magnetoelastic antennas suffer from eddy …

Hybrid Design Approaches For Reconfigurable Em Structures, Jonathan D. Lundquist

Theses and Dissertations

The modern world is replete with reasons for employing reconfigurable electromagnetic (EM) structures, but some of the most pressing needs require advancements in power consumption, speed, and footprint [1]. Next generation air defense (NGAD) fighters could benefit from new electronic warfare (EW) countermeasures [2], as well as adaptive stealth technology [3], while doctors could benefit from reconfigurable microwave ablation antennas that can modify radiation pattern and input impedance to match changes in tissue during ablation and account for variations in tumor shapes [4]. The future of antennas, filters, and lenses is reconfigurable as real-world matters of life and death may …

Machine Learning Assisted Optimization For Calculation And Automated Tuning Of Antennas, Lauren Linkous

Theses and Dissertations

The Antenna Calculation and Autotuning Tool (AntennaCAT) software suite represents a significant advancement in the field of antenna design by automating the entire design, CAD, simulation, and optimization process compatible with several EM simulation software suites. It is the first comprehensive implementation of machine learning in this context. In particular, this work includes the capability to create and export structured datasets from the aforementioned EM software for iterative improvement and includes an expandable selection of optimizers.

Bridging The Gap In Epsilon-Near-Zero Nonlinear Materials, Adam R. Ball

Theses and Dissertations

Studying how light and matter interact has been of interest to humans for thousands of years. From the invention of the first mirror, burning ants with a magnifying glass, to optical fiber communication, light has been central to mankind. Researchers have sought to take this to the extreme with nonlinear optics where intense laser light interacts with materials. The study of this thesis is to understand a new generation of materials that has come to light. Epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) materials have shown promise for ultrafast light manipulation in tandem with modern day CMOS compatible electronics. Here, I seek to bridge the …

Magnetotransport Properties Of Dirac Semimetal Taco2te2 And Ferromagnetic Weyl Semimetal Co3sn2s2, Samuel Pate

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

This dissertation investigates the magnetotransport properties of topological semimetals, specifically focusing on the Dirac semimetal TaCo2Te2 and the Weyl semimetal Co3Sn2S2. In TaCo2Te2, I observed extremely large magnetoresistance that violates Kohler’s rule. Extended Kohler’s rule can be applied with a calculation of Hall factor at low temperatures. I also explored the applicability of the two-band and four-band models of carrier analysis and correlate the region where Kohler’s rule is obeyed to the four-band model. In Co3Sn2S2, I explored the angle-dependent anomalous Hall effect (AHE) near the Kagome plane, revealing a tunable AHE under applied fields and an abrupt disappearance of …

Design And Fabrication Of Quantum Cascade Laser Tree Arrays, Luke Milbocker

Graduate Thesis and Dissertation 2023-2024

Quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) are semiconductor lasers that can be designed to emit over a very broad wavelength range from the mid-wave infrared (MWIR) to terahertz frequencies. Their compact size and ability to output several watts of MWIR or long-wave infrared (LWIR) radiation makes them ideal sources for directional infrared counter measures (DIRCM). This application is fueling demand for ever more powerful QCLs, but power gains from single QCLs have largely stagnated in recent years. Novel waveguide geometries such as tree-arrays seek to increase output power delivered in a single high-quality beam. InGaAs/AlInAs tree array QCLs based on ridge waveguides …

Photoluminescence Switching In Quantum Dots Connected With Fluorinated And Hydrogenated Photochromic Molecules, Ephraiem S. Sarabamoun, Jonathan M. Bietsch, Pramod Aryal, Amelia G. Reid, Maurice Curran, Grayson Johnson, Esther H. R. Tsai, Charles W. Machan, Guijun Wang, Joshua J. Choi

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

We investigate switching of photoluminescence (PL) from PbS quantum dots (QDs) crosslinked with two different types of photochromic diarylethene molecules, 4,4'-(1-cyclopentene-1,2-diyl)bis[5-methyl-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid] (1H) and 4,4'-(1-perfluorocyclopentene-1,2-diyl)bis[5-methyl-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid] (2F). Our results show that the QDs crosslinked with the hydrogenated molecule (1H) exhibit a greater amount of switching in photoluminescence intensity compared to QDs crosslinked with the fluorinated molecule (2F). With a combination of differential pulse voltammetry and density functional theory, we attribute the different amount of PL switching to the different energy levels between 1H and 2F molecules which result in different potential barrier …

Tailored Micromagnet Sorting Gate For Simultaneous Multiple Cell Screening In Portable Magnetophoretic Cell-On-Chip Platforms, Jonghwan Yoon, Yumin Kang, Hyeonseol Kim, Abbas Ali, Keonmok Kim, Sri Ramulu Torati, Mi-Young Im, Changyeop Jeon, Byeonghwa Lim, Cheolgi Kim

Center for Bioelectronics Publications

Conventional magnetophoresis techniques for manipulating biocarriers and cells predominantly rely on large-scale electromagnetic systems, which is a major obstacle to the development of portable and miniaturized cell-on-chip platforms. Herein, a novel magnetic engineering approach by tailoring a nanoscale notch on a disk micromagnet using two-step optical and thermal lithography is developed. Versatile manipulations are demonstrated, such as separation and trapping, of carriers and cells by mediating changes in the magnetic domain structure and discontinuous movement of magnetic energy wells around the circumferential edge of the micromagnet caused by a locally fabricated nano-notch in a low magnetic field system. The motion …

Series Aperture Coupled Fed Phased Array Antenna, Guang Yang

Electrical Engineering Theses and Dissertations

Phased arrays are employed in a wide range of civil and Military contexts, including RADAR, cellular communications, and satellite communications. However, modern phased-array antennas require complex design and bulky structure at high costs, hindering their implementation in many applications. The critical aspect of a phased array design lies in power splitting with a proper phase to each radiating element. Conventional power splitters such as quarter-wavelength or Wilkinson power splitters suffer problems associated with complex array network and high power dissipation. Furthermore, popular phase shifters such as MEMS switch, ferrite-based or PIN diode have drawbacks of low power-handling capability, expensive packaging, …

Gpu Based Monte Carlo Estimation Of Eddy Current Losses In Electromagnetic Coil-Core System, Adwaith Ravichandran

Theses and Dissertations

A novel parallelizable probabilistic approach to model eddy currents in AC electromagnets is presented in this research. Consequently, power loss associated with the formation of these eddy currents is estimated and validated using experimental data. Furthermore, predicting the effect of ferromagnetic alternating field enhancement on power loss in the source excitation winding has been an active area of research. Unlike a stationary field, an alternating sinusoidal field diffuses partially into the ferromagnetic material leading to a predictably sub-optimal field enhancement. To model these physics, finite element techniques employ nonlinear iterative solvers which are time consuming. A novel method is developed …

Controlled Radiation Capsule For Precision And Rapid Cancer Treatment, Hoseon Lee, Zsolt Kollar, Bailey R. White, Junia Nguyen, David Roque, Sowjanya Palagani

Symposium of Student Scholars

This research aims to transform cancer treatment through the optimization of brachytherapy, with a focus on reducing treatment duration, setup complexities, and financial burdens, all while emphasizing patient safety. Patients living at a distance from radiation clinics, particularly those undergoing extended Low Dose Radiation brachytherapy, often struggle with the formidable financial challenges associated with securing nearby accommodations. In response to these issues, the research introduces a radiation capsule designed to condense the conventional six-month treatment period to approximately just one week, thereby significantly reducing the duration of required accommodations. This capsule is especially relevant considering the construction cost of $40 …

Improving Cellphone-Based Bio-Imaging Technique For Fluorescence Detection, Erteza T. Efaz

LSU Master's Theses

The research presented in this thesis focuses on the design, development, and evaluation of a fluorescence detection system. The system is implemented primarily as an Android application, Auto Camera, which leverages smartphone cameras to capture and analyze fluorescent images. The application provides a user-friendly interface with some configurable features like exposure time, ISO speed, and storage limit; as well as defining detection thresholds and setting acquisition intervals. This study begins with the architectural framework of the Android application, which is written in Java using Android Studio. The API compatibility is set to version 33, and users are prompted to grant …

Directional Microwave Emission From Femtosecond-Laser Illuminated Linear Arrays Of Superconducting Rings, Thomas J. Bullard, Kyle Frische, Charlie Ebbing, Stephen J. Hageman, John Morrison, John Bulmer, Enam A. Chowdury, Michael L. Dexter, Timothy J. Haugan, Anil K. Patnaik

Faculty Publications

We examine the electromagnetic emission from two photo-illuminated linear arrays composed of inductively charged superconducting ring elements. The arrays are illuminated by an ultrafast infrared laser that triggers microwave broadband emission detected in the 1–26 GHz range. Based on constructive interference from the arrays a narrowing of the forward radiation lobe is observed with increasing element count and frequency demonstrating directed GHz emission. Results suggest that higher frequencies and a larger number of elements are achievable leading to a unique pulsed array emitter concept that can span frequencies from the microwave to the terahertz (THz) regime.

Atmospheric Propagation Of Qubits: Laboratory Experiments To Field Demonstrations, Keith A. Wyman

Theses and Dissertations

Free-space quantum networks can enable global-scale quantum communication via satellite-based nodes and quantum ground transceivers. To enable building of robust global quantum networks, it is critical to learn how the state of the qubit is transformed while propagating through the atmosphere. With such an overarching goal, we built a laboratory based atmospheric turbulence simulator (ATS) to characterize the effects of atmospheric turbulence on an entangled pair of photons as a function of statistical quantities such as the Fried parameter or scintillation index for long-distance communication. Specifically, the changes in the statistical properties associated with a quantum source was investigated using …

Brdf Measurements And Physical Optics Modeling Applied To Anisotropic Satellite Solar Cells, Madilynn E. Compean

Theses and Dissertations

Light curve analysis is often used to discern information about satellites in geosynchronous orbits, and since solar panels comprise relatively large surface areas, their reflected energy can contribute greatly to observed light curves. Data was collected using a space qualified solar cell interrogated by a green HeNe laser. The data validated certain aspects from previous work, but also identified multi-slit behavior, showed that the specular term was a second diffraction pattern, and diagnosed the out-of-plane diffraction curvature as the conical diffraction phenomenon. Two physical-optics-based models were developed to incorporate these new features and better predict solar cell BRDF solely from …

Uncertainties In Retrieval Of Remote Sensing Reflectance From Ocean Color Satellite Observations, Eder I. Herrera Estrella

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Ocean Color radiometry uses remote sensing to interpret ocean dynamics by retrieving remote sensing reflectance (������) from satellite imagery at different scales and over different time periods. ������ spectrum characterizes the ocean color that we observe, and from which we can discern concentrations of chlorophyll, organic and inorganic particles, and carbon fluxes in the ocean and atmosphere. ������ is derived from the total radiance at the top of the atmosphere (TOA). However, it only represents up to ten percent of the total signal. Hence, the retrieval of ������ from the total radiance at TOA involves the application of atmospheric correction …

Analysis Of Coronal Magnetic Field Parameters During X- And M-Class Solar Flares, Seth H. Garland

Theses and Dissertations

Using Non-Linear Force Free Field (NLFFF) extrapolation, 3D magnetic fields were modeled from the 12-minute cadence Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) photospheric vector magnetograms, spanning a time period of one hour before through one hour after the start of 18 X-class flares and 12 M-class flares. Several magnetic field parameters were calculated from the modeled fields directly – as well as from the power spectrum of surface maps generated by summing the fields along the vertical axis – for two different regions: areas with photospheric Bz ≥ 300 G (Active Region – AR) and areas above the photosphere with the …

An Analytical Framework For Photonic Storage And Retrieval: Implications For Quantum Optical Networks, Billie V. Deluca

Theses and Dissertations

Quantum information and communication is the next revolution in information technology. However, communication through quantum networks will require the ability to transmit, store, and interact with photonic quantum bits (qubits). The focus of this dissertation is a theoretical description of a promising technology for storage of photonic states employing electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). A general semiclassical model for EIT photonic storage will be developed, a key capability required for understanding the effect of storage that is independent of the photonic state being stored. This dissertation demonstrates the capability of this model to predict light pulses retrieved from EIT storage as …

Boundary Integral Equation Methods For Superhydrophobic Flow And Integrated Photonics, Kosuke Sugita

Dissertations

This dissertation presents fast integral equation methods (FIEMs) for solving two important problems encountered in practical engineering applications.

The first problem involves the mixed boundary value problem in two-dimensional Stokes flow, which appears commonly in computational fluid mechanics. This problem is particularly relevant to the design of microfluidic devices, especially those involving superhydrophobic (SH) flows over surfaces made of composite solid materials with alternating solid portions, grooves, or air pockets, leading to enhanced slip.

The second problem addresses waveguide devices in two dimensions, governed by the Helmholtz equation with Dirichlet conditions imposed on the boundary. This problem serves as a …

Mathematical Model Of An Industrial Robot Built On The Basis Of Linear Motion Mechatron Modules, Matyokubov Nurbek Rustamovich, Rakhimov Temurbek Omonboyevich

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

The use of Industry 4.0 technologies in modern production serves to increase production efficiency. Robots and robotic complexes with innovative intelligent control are widely used in industrial production. However, studying their mechanical part, linear motion mechatronic modules and control system is a complex object. The variety and complexity of control methods and operating modes negatively affects the operator's working time and production productivity. In such cases, it is necessary to improve control methods and develop technologies used in industry, including robots and robotic manipulators, which allow to perform short movements with high accuracy and speed. In the article, the mathematical …

The Relaying Network In Free-Space Optical Communications Using Optical Amplifiers In Cascaded Configuration, Ucuk Darusalam, Arockia Bazil Raj, Fitri Yuli Zulkifli, Purnomo Sidi Priambodo, Eko Tjipto Rahardjo

Makara Journal of Technology

Optical relaying is the best technique to implement free-space optical (FSO) communications as a terrestrial platform. However, atmospheric turbulence (AT) limits the optical-propagation path length. In this study, the implementation of some optical amplifiers (OAs) in cascaded configuration, namely, erbium-doped fiber amplifiers, semiconductor OAs, and Raman amplifiers (RAs), are investigated through simulation. This study aims to search for the maximum link distance of an optical propagation and enhance the FSO performance caused by each configuration of OAs. The optical relaying network consists of three nodes, with each node designed with a space of several kilometers under the influence of AT. …