Electromagnetics and Photonics Commons^™

Fpga-Accelerated Computational Photon Counting, Chibueze Onyeador

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (FLIM) is a powerful tool for biomedical re- search. It leverages fluorescence of biological samples to visualize and characterize biological dynamics and molecular interactions. FLIM utilizes fluorescence lifetime, the average time a molecule stays in its excited state after absorbing a photon, to investigate the dynamics of biological samples.

Ultra-fast and precise (ps-ns) timing fluorescence acquisition techniques suffer from different trade-offs. Some methods suffer from high dead times, decreased accuracy in fluorescence lifetime calculations, and high data volumes and transfers. Finding a new method that can provide the best performance while experiencing low dead times, adequate …

The Analysis And Design Of A Circular Waveguide Coated With A Magnetized Ferrite, Hassan Ali Ragheb, Mariam Hossam

Electrical Engineering

Abstract: This paper investigates the cut-off frequency of a perfectly conducting circular waveguide coated with an externally magnetized ferrite shell. Wave equations in both the ferrite shell and the core inside the cylinder are solved resulting in a Fourier series expansions involving Bessel and trigonometric functions with unknown coefficients. The influence of the magnetization current on the permeability tensor is considered in the analysis. By applying boundary conditions, four characteristic equations are derived, and their vanishing determinants define the cut-off frequencies of the structure. A MATLAB program is developed to numerically solve the derived equations. Results are presented for various …

Gpu-Based Electromagnetic Microwave Tomography For Brain Imaging And Stroke Detection, Pablo Sotelo Torres

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Each year, an estimated 795,000 people in the U.S. suffer a stroke, with approximately 610,000 being first-time cases. Of these, 87% are ischemic strokes, while the remaining 13% are hemorrhagic. Current imaging methods, such as Computed Tomography (CT), Positron Emission Tomography (PET), and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), provide useful information into brain tissue properties; while each technique has its advantages, they remain expensive, non-portable, and often too slow for emergency bedside or in-ambulance use. Electromagnetic Microwave Tomography (EMT) offers a promising alternative: an affordable, portable, rapid, and safe method for stroke detection. By contrasting dielectric properties between healthy and affected …

Series Resonant Converters With Medium Voltage Sic Mosfets For Electric Aircraft Applications, Xinyuan Du

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

To develop high-performance high- power-density MV power converters, the emerging silicon carbide (SiC) devices are more attractive than their silicon (Si) counterparts, since the fast switch frequency brought by the SiC can effectively reduce the volume and weight of the filter components and thus increase the converter power density. From the converter topology perspective, with the MV dc distribution, the single stage isolated dc/dc converter are suitable for next-generation electric aircraft system due to soft switching and high power density. In this work, comprehensive static and dynamic characterizations were conducted for the latest 6.5 kV silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFETs from …

Design Of Phase Shifter And True Time Delay Gan Mmics For High-Temperature Ku-Band Applications, Michael Lee Thompson

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This thesis presents the design, implementation, and high-temperature characterization of Gallium Nitride (GaN) monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs) developed for beamforming and phased-array systems operating in the Ku-band (12-14 GHz). Two integrated circuits were designed: a 3-bit digital phase shifter and a 3-bit true time delay (TTD), both optimized for high linearity, low insertion loss, low phase error, and stable operation at elevated temperatures up to 300°C. Developing both a phase shifter and a TTD enabled a direct comparison of their beamforming performance and the evaluation of beam squint effects over frequency, a critical factor in wideband array design. The …

A Study On Utilizing Coherently Coupled Orbital Angular Momentum Beams For Maritime Sensing And Communication, Evan Robertson

All Dissertations

A large portion of the world is covered in water which introduces a couple of key challenges in communication and sensing systems. The impact of particulates in the water will limit the ability to successfully transmit information through the water. The study of how the channel impacts specific frequencies and the ability to transmit more information at a single time can limit the impact of this environment in how it degrades an optical communication system. In sensing applications, it is important to detect information related to an object’s motion which will either be towards or away from a system, or …

Computational Methods For Complex Electromagnetic Geometries And Media, Edgar Bustamante

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Additive manufacturing has enabled electromagnetic devices with increasingly complex geometries, but existing numerical tools remain limited in their ability to model and design such structures. This dissertation presents two major advancements that address these restrictions in the finite-difference frequency-domain method (FDFD) and the spatially-variant lattice algorithm (SVLA). These two numerical methods provide a foundation for future exploration in the simulation, optimization, and realization of next-generation electromagnetic devices. First, a general bianisotropic FDFD formulation based on the vector wave equation is presented that enables practical modeling of metamaterials using effective medium homogenized parameters rather than explicitly resolving subwavelength metamaterial features. The …

Complementary Color Laser Illumination For Perceptual Contrast Enhancement In Structurally Colored Samples, Tomoshree Dash

All Theses

Structural color, a phenomenon arising from nanoscale interaction between light and materials, has the potential to unveil biological, chemical, physical, and mechanical characteristics of the sample. It enables direct visualization of the sample by human users with high spatiotemporal resolution. However, its impact is often constrained by challenges in the perceptual differentiation of subtle color variations. This thesis introduces complementary color laser illumination (C²LI) as an imaging technique that enhances color perception of the Human Visual System (HVS) by accessing the psychophysical non-linearities in chromatic color perception. C²LI offers a platform optimized for the HVS by …

Exploratory Study Of Semiconductor Nanomembranes In Em Applications, Grant D. Heileman

Electrical and Computer Engineering ETDs

Antenna systems are a cornerstone of modern technologies, playing an increasingly vital role in their advancement. As demand for compact, high-performance, and adaptable communication platforms grows reconfigurable antenna technologies are becoming essential. This research explores a novel front-end reconfigurable antenna system (FERAS) architecture that leverages the mechanical flexibility and photoconductive behavior of semiconductor nanomembrane (SNM) devices. By exploiting the emergent properties of ultra-thin silicon (Si) or gallium arsenide (GaAs) nanomaterials and optically exciting these samples using vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) arrays, this study develops lightweight, low-cost, deployable antenna structures for satellite communications, remote sensing, GPS, and radar. Despite their significant …

Design And Performance Analysis Of A Frequency-Reconfigurable Rectangular Patch Antenna With Dual-Slot Defected Ground Structure For Gsm Band, Sara Abdelbaset, Ashraf Khalaf, Amr Hussien, Ahmed A. Kabeel

Journal of Engineering Research

In this paper, an innovative frequency-tunable rectangular patch antenna is presented, featuring interlaced circular and U-shaped narrow slots, combined with a rectangular-shaped defected ground structure (DGS). This design is specifically developed to produce radiation patterns similar to those of traditional dipole antennas. The integration of the rectangular DGS with three RF varactor diodes, along with two equivalent microstrip conductors, enables a tunable operating frequency band that ranges from 1.08 GHz to 1.7 GHz, achieving a total bandwidth of 0.62 GHz. The DC biasing network connected to the three RF varactor diodes is utilized to finely tune and adjust the resonance …

Analyzing Lf/Vlf Lightning Waveforms To Estimate D-Region Electron Density Profiles, William R. Smith, Erin H. Lay, Kyle E. Fitch, Daniel J. Emmons

Faculty Publications

Lightning waveforms in the low frequency (LF; 30–300 kHz) and the very low frequency (VLF; 3–30 kHz) bands can be exploited to produce data-driven ionospheric D-region electron density profile (EDP) estimates with significantly higher spatial and temporal coverage than previously available. The lightning waveforms used in this paper are signals detected in the LF/VLF of negative cloud-to-ground lightning by the Earth Networks Total Lightning Detection Network. Each waveform contains a ground wave and a time-delayed ionospheric reflection. The time delay between the ground wave and ionospheric reflection has previously been used to estimate a single specular reflection altitude, where LF/VLF …

Electrical Characterization Of Germanium Tin Alloys And Devices For Space Reliability, Kevin K. Choe

Theses and Dissertations

GeSn (germanium tin) alloys are potentially well suited for near-mid infrared space optoelectronic applications. Alloys of GeSn have similar properties to group III-V and mercury-cadmium-telluride semiconductors and are compatible with cost-effective complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) manufacturing technology. Recent progress in non-equilibrium remote plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (RPECVD) has enabled the crystalline growth of GeSn with Sn concentrations of up to 10% without Sn surface segregation. Several experimental studies in previous literature report CVD- or molecular beam epitaxy (MBE)-grown GeSn alloys achieving a direct bandgap with 6%-9% Sn content. This novel growth technique opens opportunities for a cost-effective, next-generation optical …

Single-Molecule Orientation And Localization Microscopy, Sophie Brasselet, Matthew D. Lew

Electrical & Systems Engineering Publications and Presentations

Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) offers enhanced spatial resolution in optical microscopy, providing detailed insights into the spatial organization of proteins in cells at the nanoscale. Over the past decade, SMLM has progressively incorporated the capability to retrieve the orientations of single molecules using their polarized dipolar emission pattern. Here we explore recent advancements in single-molecule orientation and localization microscopy (SMOLM), which yields super-resolved images of molecular three-dimensional (3D) orientations, wobble and 3D positions. This advancement opens possibilities to explore the nanoscale organization and conformation of biological molecules as well as to monitor and design local 3D optical fields in nanophotonics. …

Validation And Proposed Expansion Of The Data-Driven D Region Model, Kevin M. Watson

Theses and Dissertations

Predicting ionosphere effects on radio wave propagation is critical for communications and over-the-horizon radar systems. The D region is challenging to model for several reasons, one of which is chemical complexity. Ion density changes during sunrise/sunset introduce substantial uncertainty in electron density profiles (EDPs). The Data Driven D Region (D3R) model solves electron densities through an ion chemistry model and assimilates relevant space weather inputs. This study evaluates D3R against the Faraday International Reference Ionosphere (FIRI) and measurements using Very Low Frequency (VLF) propagation paths. Space weather event impacts on D3R EDPs are evaluated during the disturbed period from 8-12 …

A Study On The Propagation And Exploitation Of Structured Light In Underwater Turbulence, Jaxon P. Wiley

All Dissertations

The development and optimization of optical systems will play a pivotal role in the continued exploration and exploitation of the world’s underwater environments. These systems offer advantages in many sectors, and includes applications in areas such as high-speed communication, advanced sensing and imaging, and environmental characterization and monitoring. Underwater environments offer a plethora of challenges, however, and mitigating these obstacles remains an arduous task. In this work, the inherent advantages of structured light are leveraged to optimize optical system performance through non-ideal underwater conditions. Additionally, fundamental relationships between the generation of specified structured modes and their interactions with complex environments …

Design Of Directive Wideband Microstrip Antenna, Hassan Ali Ragheb

Electrical Engineering

The study under consideration demonstrates design, simulation, and optimization of a compact Ultra-Wideband (UWB) antenna employing a coplanar waveguide (CPW) feeding structure and a circular patch geometry. The design is targeting a 7 GHz operating frequency, offering a balance between compact size, wide bandwidth, and directional radiation characteristics. An initial antenna configuration was developed and analyzed using HFSS, showing satisfactory performance in terms of impedance matching and radiation efficiency. However, asymmetries in the radiation pattern prompted further enhancement. An improved design employees strategically director elements placed above the circular patch to improve forward gain and radiation beam directivity. The optimized …

Investigating Vacuum Insulator Flashover Resistance Of Rexolite And Acrylic Before And After Applying Novel Insulator Cleaning Techniques, Ritin Joseph

Electrical and Computer Engineering ETDs

Pulsed power involves accumulating large amounts of electrical energy and releasing it instantaneously. Large pulsed power accelerators use a vacuum insulator stack to facilitate power transfer from the liquid to vacuum section. Limiting the probability of surface flashover in this setting to acceptable levels improves machine longevity and prevents energy loss. Post-shot debris deposition requires a refurbishment process to prevent deterioration of dielectric performance, though the current technique of hand-sanding is long, labor-intensive, and pose serious health hazards. I have collected flashover data on frustrum-shaped Acrylic and C-Lec Rexolite® (cross-linked polystyrene) samples using a 500-kV, 20-ns risetime pulsed power test …

Ac Electric Fields Manipulate And Concentrate Dna Molecules On Electrodes, Akila Wijesinghe, Dharmakeerthi Nawarathna

Graduate Student Government Association Research Conference

Point-of-care (POC) electric field-based biosensors have emerged as a promising tool to detect early cancer biomarkers such as circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), microRNA (miRNA), and proteins. To be effective in screening in clinical settings, these biosensors must be simple and easy to use. In this study, we have studied the manipulation of short DNA molecules suspended in a sessile drop to achieve this goal. Alternative current (AC) electric fields were used to polarize DNA molecules and produce dielectrophoretic (DEP) force on DNA molecules. DEP force is used to manipulate polarized DNA molecules towards the higher electric field gradients (toward the …

Development Of A Near Terahertz Backward Wave Oscillator Using Standard Waveguide, Alexander Glick

Electrical and Computer Engineering ETDs

There is a demand for terahertz (THz) frequency radiation sources. Applications include, but are not limited to, imaging for medical and security purposes, biochemical and organic spectroscopy, and velocimetry. Historically, there was a limited supply of THz devices due to technological limitations. In recent years much progress has been made to reduce this “gap” in supply and demand for THz sources. This work proposes a vacuum electronic device that produces high power, extremely high frequency radiation in the G-band, by utilizing a backward wave oscillator (BWO) based on WR3 standard waveguide. This device is compact, fundamentally simple, and has great …

Fused-Silica Microelectromechanical Systems For Relative Gravimetry, Ethan Doerstling

Theses and Dissertations

Gravimeters are devices that measure gravitational acceleration which can be used by the United States Air Force (USAF) in the areas of navigation and remote sensing. Fused-silica microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices offer capabilities to make inexpensive relative gravimeters with higher thermal stability than common silicon devices while maintaining good gravitational sensitivity. The fused-silica devices in this research were designed, simulated, fabricated, and tested to observe their performance as gravimeters. The devices exhibit properties of highly sensitive accelerometers but the current designs do not qualify as gravimeters. This study provides information to improve the sensitivity and stability of these fused-silica MEMS …

Hunting, Feiyang Zhuang

Masters Theses

This writing is about fragility and revelation of technological systems. It considers how brokenness, delay, and opacity are not flaws but openings—opportunities to reimagine our relationship to technology as something grounded, sensory, and continuous with the natural and material world.

Emerging Applications On Reconfigurable Computing Platforms, Zhenyu Xu

All Dissertations

Security and high-performance computing have become two of the most critical demands in modern technology. The increasing complexity of digital systems, the need for real-time processing, and the emergence of sophisticated cyber threats require computing solutions that balance computational power with adaptability and security. Reconfigurable computing platforms, particularly Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), offer a promising solution to these challenges by combining flexibility with hardware acceleration. Many new applications have emerged with the developing of reconfigurable platforms.

FPGAs can be utilized in two primary directions: as control and high-precision measurement units for security-sensitive applications, and as accelerators capable of outperforming GPUs …

Implementation Of Residual Tandem Neural Networks For Photonic Inverse Design, Ponthea A. Zahraii

Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (MS) Theses

Deep-learning approaches can greatly benefit the modeling and design of nanophotonic and optical structures. Traditional full-wave simulations are time and resource-intensive, which can act as a bottleneck in photonic design. On the other hand, deep-learning approaches for designing the response of nanophotonic geometries can be computationally inexpensive and produce accurate and efficient results. In this project, we specifically investigate the case of optical forces near meta-structures. We propose using an inverse design approach with residual blocks to account for the deep nature of this architecture and inherently address the non-uniqueness problem. A tandem approach, which consists of two interconnected models, …

Construction And Characterization Of An Rf Anechoic Range, Logan Gentry

Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Undergraduate Honors Theses

Anechoic RF ranges are electromagnetically quiet spaces intended to provide conditions suitable for testing and classifying electronic equipment. Typically, ranges are constructed indoors, which presents a number of design challenges related to room geometry, cost, and material selection. This report describes the creation of an indoor anechoic range intended for characterization of antennas. Furthermore, the range is characterized for performance across a wide range of discrete frequencies in the UHF band according to CISPR standards, resulting in the determination of a lower frequency limit at which the room performance begins to degrade. The characterization of this range agrees with far-field …

Predictive Modeling Of Electro-Optic Modulators Under Electromagnetic Interference, Hasan Ahmed

Optical Science and Engineering ETDs

In this age of electronic warfare, directed energy research is of utmost importance to ensure national security, robust military defense systems and gain a competitive edge in research worldwide. This thesis explores the intentional directed energy impacts on electro-optic devices by developing analytical predictive models through experimental data validation. An electro-optic modulator known as Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) is used to understand the implications of intentional EMI. A low frequency RF signal is injected in the MZM to create an EMI environment. The MZM behavior changes due to EMI during a pseudo-random bit sequence signal modulation were studied through analyzing receiver …

Generative Ai For 3d Printed Antenna Design, Jennifer Ann Chavez

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

This research explores the integration of generative artificial intelligence (AI) with a physics-informed particle swarm optimizer (PSO) to develop 3D printable microstrip patch antennas. A neural network was trained on a dataset of microstrip patch antenna geometries and their corresponding performance metrics: return loss and gain. The PSO used a fitness function prioritizing low return loss in potential antennas, eventually yielding novel antenna geometries with parasitic components. 3D printing constraints were also hard coded into the framework, thus preventing any geometries being generated that cannot be fabricated. When simulated using Ansys HFSS, the AI generated microstrip patch antennas exceeded the …

Development Of Si-Based Germanium-Tin Infrared Photodiode, Sylvester Amoah

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Short-wave infrared (SWIR) and mid-wave infrared (MWIR) photodetectors have attracted increasing attention for the past few decades. SWIR and MWIR detectors are used for a wide range of applications in military and civilian defense, such as future automotive night vision, video surveillance security cameras, and integrated night vision in mobile/wearable electronics. The current market-dominating IR photodetector technology is mainly developed with the costly III-V or II-V material systems, such as InGaAs, InSb, and HgCdTe. While many efforts have been made towards the hybrid integration of III-Vs or II-VIs on a Si substrate, it is highly desirable to develop an alternative …

Power-Beaming: Wireless Energy Transfer Using Lasers, Spencer L. Barnett

ATU Scholars Symposium

The objective of the project is to implement a wireless energy transfer system utilizing laser technology. This system involves modulating the laser’s beam profile and spatial distribution through precise optical manipulation. The energy transmitted by the laser is captured by a photovoltaic array, commonly referred to as a solar panel, which is engineered to convert incident photons into direct current (DC) electrical power. The current challenge is to develop a reliable wireless energy transfer mechanism capable of operating over extended distances, thereby overcoming the constraints imposed by wired connections, particularly in environments where wiring is impractical, such as in space. …

Simultaneous Observations Of Irregular Sporadic E Structures Using The Lwa And A Dps4d, Kenneth S. Obenberger, C. A. Taylor, Jonah J. Colman, Eugene Dao, J. Dowell, J. D. Eccles, Daniel J. Emmons, C. T. Fallen, J. M. Holmes, G. B. Taylor

Faculty Publications

Multi-instrument studies have recently shed new light on the morphology of sporadic E, especially intense sporadic E. Here we present simultaneous observations of dense sporadic E (E_s) structures using the Long Wavelength Array (LWA) radio telescopes and a Digisonde Portable Sounder 4D (DPS4D). Our coordinated observations show that the LWA radio telescopes in central New Mexico can reliably locate regions of dense Es structures as they pass over a Digisonde located over 500 km away in Texas. The LWA appears to be most sensitive to the densest E_s structures, which also appear to contain irregularities with vertical …

Painting Rich Six-Dimensional Pictures Using Polarized Fluorescence Microscopy, Matthew D. Lew

Electrical & Systems Engineering Publications and Presentations

No abstract provided.