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Wage Survey Of Road And Street Employees In Indiana Counties And Cities, Herpicc

Indiana Local Technical Assistance Program (LTAP) Publications

Wages, benefits and insurance plans for employee classifications common to road and street maintenance organizations are reported in this publication. The figures were obtained from a March 1988 questionnaire sent to all Indiana County Highway Departments and from the "Indiana Municipal Salaries, Wages and Fringe Benefits, 1988" published by the Indiana Association of Cities & Towns.

The information in this publication is intended to assist the local road and street agencies in developing the wage plans for next years budget by providing comparative information from other organizations in the state. Exact duties and responsibilities vary and are not reflected in …

Second International Conference On Case Histories In Geotechnical Engineering, Multiple Authors

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

No abstract provided.

Table Of Contents, Multiple Authors

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

No abstract provided.

Foundations On Stone Columns Resting On Coralline Limestone, K. S. A. Rahim, A. W. Dhowian

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The subsoil conditions along the Red Sea coast in Saudi Arabia are complex due to existence of very thick beds of coralline limestone of recent geological origin. These coral beds are soft, porous and nonhomogeneous. They are often interspaced with large cavities and soft sandwiched layers of finer particles. Analysis of the subsoil conditions to a fifty meter depth based on data from deep boreholes, Standard Penetration Tests (SPT), Quasi Static Cone Tests (DCT) and large size Plate Load Tests is presented. The strength and compressibility characteristics of the strata and the correlation factors for the SPT and DCT in …

Design And Construction Of Geocell Mattress As Embankment Foundation, Alistair J. T. Gilchrist

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This paper describes the use of a high strength Geocell mattress as a new solution to the problem of the construction of embankments on soft foundations. The paper deals in detail with the design of the Geocell mattress to support and distribute the imposed loading onto soft foundation. It considers the plastic condition of the soft clay to determine the factor of safety against foundation failure. Two case studies will be examined to illustrate the construction techniques. Monitoring of settlement during construction of the Geocell and during embankment filling is compared with predicted values.

Horizontal And Vertical Movements Of Red Clay Highway Embankments, F. J. Gichaga, F. S. Atibu, B. K. Sahu

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The paper presents results of a study of horizontal and vertical movements of five highway embankments made up of red clay (red coffee soil). The highway embankments studied ranged from 4m to 15m in height. The study also involved laboratory testing of the red soils which form these embankments. Results of laboratory tests were used to compute cracking and collapse potentials of the embankments. Results of field investigations showed embankments to suffer horizontal as well as vertical movements. It was further established that in the case of the embankments, whose bituminous pavements had showed severe longitudinal surface cracks, the cracking …

Problems And Behaviour Of A Dam Founded On A Weak Zone, K. V. Rupchard

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Any fault in the foundation of a dam presents a problem which has to be tackled in the proper way considering many aspects. This paper deals with such a foundation problem faced at Upper Aliyar Dam in South India in the shape of a weak zone. Several alternatives were thought of for tackling the weak zone. Ultimately a simple concrete plug with cut-offs was adopted considering the limited working season available and the fairly good in-situ compressive strength of the weak material. This was in preference to a raft foundation or a massive arch. The methods adopted for tackling the …

On Properties Of Damping Of Bases, Wang Xikang

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

On the basis of many tests it has been proved that the damping properties of bases not only have bearing on magnitude of base area of foundation but also on weight of foundation and on mechanics model adopted. This paper puts forward the computation formulas of damping parameters to some soils.

The Effect Of Foundation Shape On Dynamic Parameter Of Bases, Duan Shiwei

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

It has been proved that the shape of foundation and its base side ratio affect the dynamic rigidity of sliding-rotation vibration of bases. Based on plenty of laboratory tests in a small sides the computing formulas of rigidity and damping of base considering the effect of base side ratio are put forward.

A Soil-Structure Interaction Analysis Of A Damaged Building, R. F. Wilson-Fahmy

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A twenty years old reinforced concrete building suffered from fracture of one of its ground floor corner columns. The extent of damage resulting from fracture of the column is examined. Plane frame structural analysis is used in the interpretation of the signs of damage of the building. Soil compressibility is incorporated in the analysis by assuming the footings to rest on Winkler type subgrade. The theoretical analysis is assessed by comparing the results with the actual behaviour of the structure.

Illicon Analysis Of Ellingsrud Test Fill, G. Mesri, D. O. K. Lo, K. Karlsrud

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The 50-m diameter test fill at Ellingsrud, Norway was constructed by NGI to determine preconsolidation pressure of a soft clay, mobilized under field conditions. The height of the fill was increased in four increments during 1972 to 1978. Settlement observations as well as pore water pressure measurements over a period of eleven years are used to evaluate predictions made by the ILLICON computer program. ILLICON analysis requires vertical profiles of compressibility and permeability parameters. The computed surface settlements are within 2 cm of the measured values during the first three loading stages. After the fourth loading, there is a larger …

Design And Construction Of A Soil Bentonite Slurry Wall Around An Operating Facility Superfund Site, A. S. Burgess, G. S. Laird, M. S. Leonard

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A soil bentonite slurry wall was designed for an NPL site to stop further migration of chemicals in a complex aquifer system, and to facilitate the removal of possible chemical sources from saturated zones beneath the site. Pumping from within the slurry wall will maintain inward and upward hydraulic gradients and thus stop further lateral or vertical migration of chemicals from the contained area. The slurry wall was constructed under an exceptionally detailed Quality Assurance; Quality Control review by the Contractor and two independent consulting firms. Ground movements, vibration levels and opacity of dust produced during construction were monitored for …

Use Of Deeply Weathered Rock As Landfill Cover Material, Patacon Landfill, Republic Of Panama, W. C. B. Gates

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Under normal conditions weathered rock provides poor landfill cover because of its permeable nature. However, a recent hydrogeological investigation conducted by the US Army Environmental Hygiene Agency (AEHA) of the Patacon Landfill in the Republic of Panama revealed the contrary. The operators were using weathered rock from the surrounding saprolitic outcrops of the Panama formation and Tertiary andesite intrusions for landfill cover. The AEHA selected samples of the weathered rock from the borrow sites for engineering tests at their soils engineering lab at Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland. The following are test results. Water induces the weathered rock to slake very …

Engineering Design Of Rock Slope Reinforcement Based On Non-Linear Joint Strength Model, Stavros C. Bandis

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Optimum dimensioning of bolts or anchors for the reinforcement of slopes in jointed rock masses, requires compatible strength-deformation data, for both the rock joints and the reinforcing elements. Most types of rock joints behave in non- linear fashion and, thus, realistic modelling can have serious implications in the design, both from the economical and the technical standpoints. This paper will present, briefly, the principles of a constitutive model of joint shear behaviour and a method for optimum bolt or anchor design. The implications of non-linear joint behaviour will be demonstrated with numerical examples. Finally, a case study of slope stabilization, …

Disclaimer, Multiple Authors

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

No abstract provided.

Accelerated Consolidation Of Soft Clays Using Wick Drains, J. R. Davie, M. R. Lewis, L. W. Young Jr.

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Construction of the New Istana for the Sultan of Brunei required that fill slopes up to 85 feet high be placed on very soft compressible floodplain soils. Wick drains installed in the soft sediments accelerated their consolidation and reduced long-term settlements. The consolidation also produced a strength increase in the soft soils that allowed the fill to be constructed without danger of a major base slip failure. Instrumentation installed in the floodplain soils provided data on excess porepressures built up during the fill placement, and on the resulting settlements. The measured porepressures and settlements were in good agreement with the …

Advances In The Construction And Design Of Jet Grouting Methods In South America, Giorgio Guatteri, Joseph L. Kauschinger, Antonio C. Doria, Edward B. Perry

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This paper presents a brief historical development of the two most popular jet grouting methods used in South America, namely, the chemical churning pile method (CCP) and jumbo jet grouting. Advantages and limitations of each procedure are cited. A brief discussion follows covering the history of CCP jet grouting in South America. Field trials performed to improve the design methodology and construction of CCP and jumbo jet grouted columns are presented. Finally, three case histories are presented to illustrate the use of jumbo jet grouting where limited head room exists, jet grouting in close proximity to pile supported structures, formation …

Behaviour Of A Geogrid Reinforced Embankment Over Waste Material, P. Rimoldi, D. Cazzuffi, A. Pagotto

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The paper deals with the monitoring of a geogrid reinforced embankment, 5.0 m high and 600 m long, built to contain additional waste material in the municipal landfill in Modena (Northern Italy). The embankment was founded directly over the waste already placed in the landfill, consisting of' compressible and dishomogeneus material, varying from solid urban waste to muddy industrial material. The geotechnical parameters assumed to characterize the fill soil and the waste material of the foundation soil are described. The settlements of the embankment and the forces and strains in the geogrids were monitored from the beginning of the construction …

Compaction And Chemical Grouting For Drain Tunnels In Phoenix, T. J. Lyman, M. J. Robison, D. S. Lance

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Ground runs during ml.m.ng of the Papago Freeway Drain Tunnels posed significant potential risk to utilities, street pavement, and buildings located above and adjacent to one of the three tunnel alignments. Ground response to the larger ground runs resulted in open chimneys and settlement of the ground surface of up to several feet. Modifications to the tunneling machine included addition of poling plates and breasting boards. Further modification to the tunneling method included use of compaction grouting in conjunction with mining for the entire length of one tunnel alignment, and use of chemical grouting to prestabilize the ground surrounding the …

Demonstrating Borehole Drilling Accuracy At The Navajo Dam, Stephen J. Kravits, Hunter C. Harrel

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The U.S. Bureau of Mines recently demonstrated the accurate directional drilling of a near-horizontal borehole with the objective of intercepting a designated target. The project was conducted at the Navajo Dam for the Bureau of Reclamation, U.S. Department of the Interior. The Bureau of Reclamation's objective was to determine the feasibility of accurately drilling long near-horizontal boreholes, from the surface, in lieu of constructing a tunnel under an embankment dam from which shorter boreholes would be accurately drilled to control water seepage. As a result of the demonstrated drilling accuracy, the Bureau of Reclamation can consider the option of using …

Designing Geotextile Support For Submarine Power Cables, K. Y. C. Chung

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Six 36 cm diameter submarine pipe-cables were buried in a 1.2 km long, fabric-lined trench in the soft river mud under 17 m average water head across the Hudson River about 4.8 km north of the Newburgh Bridge, New York. This paper describes the design considerations based on geotechnical point of view of using geotextile to support submarine power cables.

Distribution Of Contact Pressure And Stresses Under Skirted Footings, M. L. Ohri, A. Singh, G. R. Chowdhary

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Skirted footings posses many novel characteristics which render them eminently suitable for construction of structures in situations involving heavy loads and poor soil conditions with promise of economy. The results of the present investigations will help considerably to understand a detailed picture of the complex phenomenon of contact pressure distribution and vertical stress distribution in soil under skirted footings.

Effectiveness Of Sand Drains In Peaty Soil In A Case Of Differential Settlement Recovering, C. Mastrantuono, A. Tomiolo, E. Arcangeli

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The result obtained in a case history of differential settlement recovery are reported. The effectiveness of sand drains in peaty soil is questioned. The importance and the mutual influence of the primary and secondary settlement are discussed. Remarks are made on the value of secondary settlement coefficient.

Effects Of Collapse Settlement Of Fill On Reinforced Earth Walls, G. E. Blight

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Two case histories illustrate the effects that collapse settlement of the fill forming a Reinforced Earth wall can have on the structure. Pre-requisites for collapse settlement are inadequate compaction, compaction at too low a water content, or a combination of these. Collapse settlement occurs subsequently when the water content of the fill is increased by infiltration. The effects of collapse settlement identified in this paper are: (i) a temporary release of friction on the reinforcing strips with the result that the wall facing moves outwards; and (ii) relative settlement between the fill and the wall facing with the result that …

Epoxy Resin Grout System For Solutions To Traditional Geotechnical Problems, A. V. Shroff, D. P. Amin, D. L. Shah

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Use of chemicals for foundation treatment and sealing of crack is of recent origin. The aim of this paper is to find time-viscosity and time-strength relationships of epoxy grout system for proper flow mechanism and strength interaction with rock collected from dam sites of India. The bonding mechanism of gel in the injected mass is explained with the help of Scanning electron microscopy and Infra-red spectroscopy. After trial field grouting the stratascopy has revealed better bonds of moist surface with flexibility to accommodate movement before bond or shear failure occurred and had lower volumetric shrinkage during curing.

Experience In Ground Improvement By Dynamic Compaction And Preloading At Half Moon Bay – Saudi Arabia, N. Ghosh, M. M. Tabba

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Ground improvement techniques were used to meet the design requirements for a beach resort complex at Half Moon Bay on the Arabian Gulf. Extensive site exploration revealed upper layers consisting of loose to medium fine sand, having variable silt content. The original specification called for filling and ground improvement using Dynamic Compaction to achieve 100kN/m² surface bearing capacity and 50% relative density at a depth of 10m. Dynamic Compaction (DC) and subsequent field testing, using full scale loading tests as well as CPT and SPT tests, proved that it was possible to achieve these requirements over most areas using …

Field Measurement On A Slope Cutting With Tensile Inclusions, Tamotsu Matsui, Ka Ching San, Terumasa Amano, Yoshinori Otani

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

In a road widening project, tensile inclusions were used to stabilize some parts of cut slope works. The site condition and the construction of reinforced slope cutting are presented. A full scale field test on a reinforced cut slope was performed being incorporated with this road widening project. The field test consisted of a field loading test and a field excavation test. Details of the field test, field measurements and site observation are presented. Finite element analysis of the field test is performed. Based on the field measurements together with the analytical results, the reinforcement mechanism of a reinforced cut …

Geogrid Reinforced Soil Retaining Wall On Compressible Soils, R. L. Curtis, V. E. Chouery-Curtis, D. A. Miller

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A geogrid reinforced soil wall with a wrap-around facing system was successfully constructed on soft, compressible alluvial and residual soils. An originally designed 20-foot (6.1 m) high, reinforced concrete cantilever retaining wall was not constructed because of the expected settlements induced by the wall and backfill. The geogrid reinforced wall was utilized because of its ability to withstand the estimated settlement and because it was considered less expensive than providing deep foundation support of a cantilever wall. This paper discusses the design, construction, and performance of the geogrid reinforced wall.

Geotechnical Studies Of Foundation Of A Tilted Tank At Parikshatgarh, India, G. C. Nayak, B. Singh, P. K. Jain

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

An overhead tank of 200 KL capacity and 9 m staging was constructed in year 1975 at the ancient historical site at Parikshatgarh, Meerut, India. The depth of foundation is 1.6 m and inner and outer diameters of annular raft is 6.8 m and 10.3 respectively. In year 1978, the overhead tank was observed to be tilted. Detailed geotechnical studies have been conducted in 1987 to find out the causes of tilting of the tank and tilts have been measured every month for last one year. It is interesting to note that in spite of severe tilt of 4.3 cm/meter …

Long Term Building Performance Over An Injected Subgrade, Ronald F. Reed, Paul Wright

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Several foundation designs and stabilization methods are used with varying degrees of success to cope with the problem of expansive clays. Many of these methods are very expensive, therefore alternate technology that is both cost and performance effective has been developed. This paper presents a case history with pre- and post- stabilization test data for a 4-building project where pressure injection of lime and water was used to preswell weathered clay-shale to a depth of 10 feet. Use of pressure injection technology economically reduced post construction movements to 0.5 inches to 1.8 inches over a 7 year monitoring period. Movements …