Civil and Environmental Engineering Commons^™

Behavior Of Square And L-Shaped Slender Reinforced Concrete Columns Under Combined Biaxial Bending And Axial Compression, Wen Hu Tsao

Dissertations

A numerical analysis was developed to evaluate the complete load-deflection and moment-curvature relationships for square and L-shaped slender reinforced concrete columns subjected to biaxial bending and axial load. This computer model can be used for any cross section geometry and material properties of normal concrete. The analysis was based on a deformation control and both the ascending and descending branches of curves can be studied. The finite difference method was introduced to calculate the deflections which satisfy the compatibility equations. Six square slender columns and eight L-shaped slender columns were tested to compare their experimental load-deformation results with the analytical …

The Hydraulic Performance Of A Vortex Tube Foector, F Mtaro

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

The vorle.r tube silt exrrac/or consists of a pipe, rhe crest of which has a slit and lies flush across lhe canal bed.With minimal warer loss, I.oe bedload is extracted through lhe slil settling canal back ro the river, thus reducing or eliminating the bedload transported in main canal. Ihe resulting swirling flow phenomena is of complex nature and depends on sc conirol paramerers, as a result of which previous empirical design approaches have yielded conflicting guidelines. By means Of a simplified hydraulic system, the flow mechanism and energy in rhe can be determined.

Influence Of Heavy Metal Concentration On Rotating Biological Contrator Performance, Huei-Sheng Cheng

Theses

Seven heavy metals ( Fe⁺², Mn⁺², Zn⁺², Ag⁺, Pb⁺², Cu⁺², Cd⁺² ) at various concentrations were investigated in a Rotating Biological Contactor (RBC) system. The experimental data indicated that the degree of heavy metal toxicity in the biological system mainly depended on the ratio of inflow heavy metal concentration to organic loading. The optimal ratio of heavy metal to organic loading was determined on the basis of the maximum removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) under different operating conditions. In addition, the effect of heavy metal on …

Bridge Deterioration Models, Christopher R.H. Howard

Theses

The deteriorated condition of America's bridges raises the need for a proper and optimal method of bridge management, from the conceptual stage through the construction stage, and throughout the useful life of our bridges. State agencies need to expand their data collection process so as to include additional information pertinent to the formulation of a credible system. This is critical in order to accommodate increased research efforts to investigate the behavioral pattern/s of the nations bridges and to eventually optimize bridge management systems. This thesis looks at the bridge deterioration model as a vital tool in realizing more effective bridge …

Response Characteristics Of Inelastic Single Degree Of Freedom Systems Subjected To Intraplate Earthquakes, Linda C. Jones

Theses

Within recorded, although not recent, history, there have been several large magnitude earthquakes in the Eastern and Central United States and the need to provide measures to protect from potential damage is recognized by the engineering community. Since there are inherent differences between earthquakes that occur along tectonic plate boundaries, interplate, and those that occur within the plate boundaries, intraplate, it is important to understand how these differences impact structural design. A parametric study of single degree of freedom systems subjected to various recorded and artificial ground motions was performed to identify the variations in response characteristics.

It was found …

A Study Of The Potential Funding Mechanism For Surface Transportation In The New York Metropolitan Region, Krishnaveni Venkataswami

Theses

The present network of highways, soaring bridges, airports, seaports, and transit systems that serve the New York Metropolitan region are part of this region's inheritance from the generation of Americans who built them before us. These massive and sometimes daring achievements supported the economic growth of the region. Now that inheritance is in danger. The quality of the region's transportation infrastructure is barely adequate to fulfill current requirements, and insufficient to meet the demands of future economic growth and development. We are spending our inheritance.

A major problem is financial. Overall investment in transportation has slowed down in the last …

Parking Demand And Supply In The Central Business District Of Dar Es Salaam City, Theophil Rwebangira

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

The Central Business District (CBD) Of Dar es Salaam city is currently experiencing severe congestion. Among the major causes of this condition is lack cf enough parking facilities. Obstructions due to vehicles parked on the roadway and increased vehicle circulation by drivers looking for a mace to park This paper reports on a recent study are major contributors to congestion. which evaluated the demand and supply as vell as usage of parking spaces in the CED. The f indings indicate that there is currently an acute shortage Of parking spaces, especially of off—street parking spaces. For the existing facilities, there …

Design, Operation And Maintenance Considerations Of Iiorizontal Flow Roughing Filters Preceding Slow Sand Filters, T Mbwette,

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

The paper mentions some of the reported uses of Horizontal Flow Roughing Filters (IIRF) in drinking water treatment plants in Europe before briefly reviewing research activities carried out in the use of IIRF prior to Slow Sand Filters. Design, operation and maintenance aspects Of HRF are reviewed on the basis of the laboratory and field tests carried out in Tanzania and Switzerland, respectively in addition to experience gained in operation of a number of plants already built to date. Design aspects are introduced from the point of view Of its philosophy and optimization strategies before design guidelines are given. Important …

Flood Forecasting In Tanzanian Catchments, Omari Rumambo

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Floods are still a problem to many countries in the world todate. Floods do cause damages to property and sometimes loss to human life. Flood control measures by structural and non—structural methods are avail able in the literature . However , structural flood control measures are financially infeasible in most developing countries today. Flood forecasting is a non—structural measure for reducing flood damages. It is a means of providing early The Li near f 1 ood warnings to flood prone areas . Perturbation Model has been appl ied for real time flood The Linear forecasting in Tan zanian catchments . …

The Stability And Sate Dimensioning Of Circular Masonry Arches, A Mrema

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

An analysis of masonry arches where collapse is assumed to occur by the hinging of voussoirs upon each other is made. The behaviour of the arch material is assumed to be such that the plastic theory is valid. Certain aspects related to the properties So far the approach by of the line of thrust are clarif led. writers has been based on the conventional view that the 1 ine of It is shown that pressure is tangential to the line of thrust. this is not the case in general. Definitions are given on what is meant by "line of thrust" …

Carrying Capacity And Cracking Resistance At The Of Halving Joints In Reinforced Concrete Beams, S Mpinzire;

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Results are presented from tests on 3 beams having discont inuous support zones. All Of them had web and diagonal shear reinforcement. TWO out Of the three represented beams, their test results have been analysed in a paper designated part I which appeared in the Uhandisi Journal , Vol. I December 1989. They have been presented in this paper for compar ison purposes. The third beam has been made to invest i gate the effect of anchoring diagonal shear reinforcement by spot Welding method. The third beam was tested With two concentrated loads in the span. In all beams several …

A Finite Element Analysis Of Wood In Transverse Compression, A Mrema

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

A two dimensional finite element analysis is utilized to predict the stress and strain distributions for wood in transverse compression. Important key var iables are incorporated into the ana lysis to define their influence on the stress and strain distributions. These variables are geometry of loading, geometry of specimen and the orthotropic ratio of the material. Based on the finite element analysis results, relationships are arising stress from developed relat ing maximum stress concentrations to the above three variables. possible appl ications of the results from this study relate to the development of more efficient design of connections such as …

Experimental Investigations On The Behaviour Of Wood In Transverse Compression, A Mrema

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Experimental investigations were done to study the behaviour of wood in transverse compress ion. Three key variables were incorporated in the experiments to study their influence on the •nriables were the orthotropic ratio of the behav iour. These material, the geometry of loading and that of the specimen . Deformation measurements were made at selected locations on test specimens by means of strain—gage based clip gages. Results from the experimental measurements were compared to previous deformation predictions made by a finite element analysis (9) . There is a very good agreement between measured values and those obtained trom the finite …

Biodegradation Of Tnt (2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene), Jin Lou

Theses

This study summaries the results of various methods treating 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). Review of available literatures revealed that the most commonly used techniques in full-scale plant for TNT removal are chemical oxidation and carbon adsorption.

From economic point of view, the biological treatment system will be much more cost-effective. Various methods for improving the efficiency of biological system treating TNT wastewater were developed in the laboratory. Current laboratory results show that by isolating appropriate microorganisms under adequate conditions, TNT wastes can be degraded successfully.

At the some time, some pretreatment technologies are recommended in this study for improving the performance of …

Frictional Resistance Of Geotextiles, Md. Khairul Alam

Theses

The pullout resistance of geotextiles was examined using pullout tests. A suitable wooden box with large (2 ft x 2 ft x 4 ft) dimensions was used to avoid the effect of boundary and to simulate field conditions. Two types of failure patterns were observed. For shallow embedment (<3 ft), geotextile produced a movement of the surrounding mass of sand in the shape of an inverted cone due to interlocking friction between geotextile and sand particles. The cone angle decreases with increase in depth of embedment. For embedment equal to or greater than 3 ft., no sand cone developed and the failure occurred along the interface of geotextile and sand. For 1 ft. surcharge, the increase in the pullout resistance due to combined horizontal and vertical embedment was about 30 %.

Stability And Durability Of Large Aggregate Asphalt Concrete, Rais A. Khan

Theses

There are many factors which affect the properties of asphalt concrete and one of these is a maximum aggregate size used in the mix. In this study of the effect of maximum aggregate size on Marshall stability, flow and durability of asphalt aggregate mixtures is investigated.

Two different mixes having gradations with maximum aggregate sizes of 3/4 and 1-1/2 inches were considered. The optimum asphalt content for mix having 3/4 inch maximum aggregate size, was determined by the standard Marshall procedure. The optimum asphalt content for the mix having 1-1/2 inch maximum aggregate size, was estimated based on thickness of …

Strength And Fragility Of Concrete, Kang-Qun Shao

Theses

It is known that both strength and fragility are two of the most important properties in concrete. In this research, theories of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry of Surfaces, Thermodynamics and Fracture Mechanics are used to study the relationships between the macromechanical behavior of concrete and the microstructure in concrete. The objectives of this research are therefore to find some effective ways to explain theoretically why the concrete is so brittle (fragile) and how to increase its strength or to decrease its fragility. Based on the present studies, an equation is formulated to calculate the coefficient of the fragility (or brittleness) of …

The Strength Of Cement Bentonite In Containment Structures, Liong Tin So

Theses

In recent years the use of cutoff or slurry walls has increased in the containment of hazardous waste. Several materials have been utilized for backfill in slurry walls. Two important properties of the material are shear strength and permeability. Previously, sodium bentonite had been used. However, it was discovered that variable pH would cause an increase in permeability. Studies have shown calcium bentonite have a constant permeability with varied pH (Oweis and Khera, 1990). This study was undertaken to determine strength of calcium bentonite as affected by cement and slag.

Triaxial shear tests and unconfined compression tests were done on …

Limits Of Limit Equilibrium And Finite Element Techniques Applied To Cracked Debris Dams On Collapsing Foundations, Stanley Soliday Jr.

Dissertations and Theses

Limits of slope stability, limit equilibrium methods, and of the finite element code FEADAM are reached in the application of these methods to the problem of cracked dams constructed on collapsing soils.

Utilizing a generic dam, various classic slope stability approaches are tested as possible dam slope failure mechanisms. Slope stability methods are rejected as a way to accurately define and quantify the collapse problem. As a result of this work a block rotation mode of collapse is postulated. Then the finite element method (FEM) is used to try to define and quantify the collapse problem. The FEM is applied …

Part 1 Of The Mcmaster University Laboratory Test Program On Brick Veneer/Steel Stud Wall Systems, Robert G. Drysdale, Normand Breton

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

The behaviour of steel stud backup wall panels subjected to lateral loads was investigated experimentally and analytically. In addition, various steel stud to track connections were investigated experimentally.

The experimental work consisted of the fabrication and testing of 109 steel stud to track connections. Thirty-two full size steel stud backup wall panels were also tested. Some of the panels were braced with various types of commonly used steel bridging while others were braced with gypsum board sheathing or Styrofoam SM insulation. Twelve beam tests were also performed in order to establish the flexural bending capacity of the steel studs tested. …

Illustrative Examples Based On The Asce Standard Specification For The Design Of Cold-Formed Stainless Steel Structural Members, Shin-Hua Lin, Wei-Wen Yu, Theodore V. Galambos

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

PREFACE During the past four years, two methods were developed for the design of stainless steel structural members at the University of Missouri-Rolla with consultation of Professor T. V. Galambos at the University of Minnesota. One of the methods is based on the load and resistance factor design (LRFD) and the other is based on the allowable stress design (ASD). Both design methods are now included in the new ASCE Standard 8-90, Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Stainless Steel Structural Members. At the September 21, 1990 meeting of the Control Group of the ASCE Stainless Steel Cold-Formed Section Standards …

Evaluation Of Torsional Provisions In Seismic Codes, Anil K. Chopra, Rakesh K. Goel

Civil and Environmental Engineering

The effects of plan asymmetry on the earthquake response of code-designed, one-story systems are identified with the objective of evaluating how well these effects are represented by torsional provisions in building codes. The earthquake-induced deformations and ductility demands on resisting elements of asymmetric-plan systems, designed according to several different codes, are compared with their values if the system plan were symmetric. The presented results demonstrate that the design eccentricity in building codes should be modified in order to achieve the desirable goal of similar ductility demands on asymmetric-plan and symmetric-plan systems. The design eccentricity should be defined differently for elastic …

Seat Belt Attitudinal Survey, Kenneth R. Agent

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The primary objective of this study was to conduct a statewide survey to determine public opinion of a statewide mandatory safety belt law. The survey was conducted so that opinions could be analyzed by areas of the state. The method used to separate the state into geographic regions was to use the boundaries of the 15 Area Development Districts (ADD). A mail survey was conducted with 1,000 questionnaires sent to each ADD. A response rate of 51 percent was obtained.

The respondents were in favor of a statewide law requiring use of safety belts. The statewide percentage in favor of …

Construction Evaluation Of Hydraway Edge Drains And Outlet Pipes On Interstate 64, L. John Fleckenstein, David L. Allen

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

This report documents the installation of the Hydraway edge drain (version two) on 1-64 in Franklin·Woodford-Scott and Fayette Counties. The edge drain was placed on the back side of the trench against the shoulder and backfilled with a sand/slurry.

From observations on this project and several previous projects, the sand/slurry backfill helps to insure the integrity of the drainage system during initial backfilling. It is apparent that the sand slurry backfill provides a better installation in comparison to previous methods using excavated trench material. Notable trench settlement did occur on this project. It is apparent that insufficient water was used …

An Expert System For The Civil Engineering In-Service Work Plan, Philip W. Melancon

Theses and Dissertations

Civil Engineering managers make many decisions each day which could be aided using expert system technology. One of the most important decision processes affecting CE operations is the scheduling of work order to be accomplished each month. A good work order schedule, or In-Service Work Plan (IWP), can ensure that material and manpower resources are fully utilized, that base facilities are properly maintained, and that customers are satisfied. The purpose of this research was to build and test a PC-based prototype expert system to schedule the IWP. Expanding on previous research, a multiplicative weighting technique was developed to provide relative …

Stochastic Hydrologic Modeling In Real Time Using A Deterministic Model (Streamflow Synthesis And Reservoir Regulation Model), Time Series Model, And Kalman Filter, Philip Kwok Fan Tang

Dissertations and Theses

The basic concepts of hydrologic forecasting using the Streamflow Synthesis And Reservoir Regulation Model of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, auto-regressive-moving-average time series models (including Greens' functions, inverse functions, auto covariance Functions, and model estimation algorithm), and the Kalman filter (including state space modeling, system uncertainty, and filter algorithm), were explored. A computational experiment was conducted in which the Kalman filter was applied to update Mehama local basin model (Mehama is a 227 sq. miles watershed located on the North Santiam River near Salem, Oregon.), a typical SSARR basin model, to streamflow measurements as they became available in simulated …

Field Performance Report On Corrugated Polyethylene Pipe, L. John Fleckenstein, David L. Allen

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

This report documents the installation and performance of corrugated smooth lined polyethylene pipe installed during construction of South Forbes Road in Fayette County, KY 54 in Daviess County, US 62 in McCracken County, Nicholasville Road in Fayette County, US 68/KY 80 in Warren County, KY 127 in Franklin County, US 62 in Hardin County, Donaldson Road and KY 236 in Kenton County, KY 17 in Kenton County, and Anderson Road in Kenton County. The majority of the pipe installed was N-12 pipe manufactured by Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc., and is designated as ADS N-12. ADS N-12 is a corrugated high-density …

Sensitivity Study Of 1986 Aashto Guide For Design Of Pavement Structures, Herbert F. Southgate

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

A sensitivity study of 14 items added to the 1986 AASHTO Guide for Design of Pavement Structures indicated: (1) variations in percent reliability were most influential on the design EAL for the same pavement structure while (2) variations in standard deviations had minimal effects. (3) Resilient moduli for base and subbase materials are very dependent upon stress state (or bulk stress). (4) A method was developed to quantify the effect of drainage capabilities for various soils and its effect upon reduction in structural coefficients for base and subbase materials. (5) Literature review revealed 13 relationships to define soil stiffness. The …

Population Trends For Indiana Counties, Cities, And Towns 1970–1990, Herpicc

Indiana Local Technical Assistance Program (LTAP) Publications

This report presents tabulation and rankings that permit a direct comparison of population growth and population totals for city, town, and county units to assist officials in making amore comprehensive interpretation of the 1990 census figures.

Uniform System For Accident Reporting, Jorge A. Vanegas

Indiana Local Technical Assistance Program (LTAP) Publications

This report presents the results of Project 91-08 Task 5, Project 1, Part III: Uniform System for Accident Reporting.