Civil and Environmental Engineering Commons^™

Fatigue Analysis Of The I-75 Bridge Over The Kentucky River At Clays Ferry, Theodore Hopwood Ii, Vishwas G. Oka

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Fatigue analysis was performed on AASHTO category E welded connections on the southbound I 75 bridge over the Kentucky River at Clays Ferry, Kentucky. That analysis was based on the stress-range histogram data provided by Law Engineering of Louisville, Kentucky. That data were obtained from strain gages installed at 6 test locations on the downstream truss.

The fatigue analyses consisted of safe-life and fatigue-crack growth analyses. Safe-life predictions were based on AASHTO fatigue design (SN) curves. To use those curves, equivalent constant-amplitude stresses were derived from the stress histograms. Those stresses and loading frequencies were modified to reflect anticipated increases …

Impact Evaluation Of The Louisville-Shively-Jefferson County Traffic Alcohol Programs, Jerry G. Pigman, Kenneth R. Agent, Patricia L. Hardyman, Knowlton W. Johnson, Richard Mccleary

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

This report is an evaluation of alcohol enforcement programs conducted by the Louisville, Jefferson County, and Shively police agencies in the Louisville metropolitan area. The following four types of data were collected in order to evaluate the traffic alcohol programs; accident data, arrest and adjudication data, cost-effectiveness, and public opinion data.

Results from the before-and-after comparisons and time-series analysis show alcohol-related accidents decreased significantly during the study period, There was a 34.4 percent reduction in alcohol-related accidents during hours of special enforcement and a 30.4 percent reduction during all hours of the day. Time-series analysis of accident data showed a …

Development Of A Rock Model Testing Capability At The New Jersey Institute Of Technology And Testing Of Plane Stress Models Possessing A Central Circular Opening With A Nearby Horizontal Discontinuity, David R. Good

Theses

This thesis had three main objectives. They were to develop a rock model testing capability at N.J.I.T. by (1) developing and building a load testing frame for rock models, including all necessary appurtenances and load measuring devices, (2) developing a rock modelling material and quantifying its properties, and (3) applying the capabilities described in items 1 and 2.

A high capacity load test frame was constructed from structural steel members. Heavy screw rams were utilized to apply load and specially constructed proving rings were employed to accurately measure load. Additionally, load platens and other support equipment were constructed.

The model …

Are You Getting Your Money's Worth In Street Construction, Charles F. Scholer

Indiana Local Technical Assistance Program (LTAP) Publications

A presentation on how to have an effective quality assurance program for street construction.

Maximizing Reliable Crop Production In A Dynamic Stream/Aquifer System, Richard C. Peralta, K. Kowalski, R. R.A. Cantiller

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

A procedure for planning the optimal spatial distribution of crops to be reliably irrigated by conjunctive use of water resources is presented. The implicitly stochastic procedure utilizes. simulation/ optimization model of • stream/ aquifer system. The model utilizes linear optimization, hydrologic influence coefficients and time-varying crop water production functions. It appropriately simulates the time variant, interdependent responses of groundwater levels, stream nap and stream/aquifer interflow to groundwater pumping, and diversion of river water to nonriparian lands. It determines the temporally and spatially varying distribution of groundwater and diverted river water that should be utilized In order to maximizing annual crop …

Asphalt Surface Treatments For Local Roads And Streets, Ellis G. Williams

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Surface Treatments are thin applications of asphalt, with or without aggregate, to an existing pavement surface. There are many types to choose from when selecting a treatment for a specific purpose.

Because of the broad range of materials and methods available, surface treatments satisfy many needs in effective operation of road and street systems. They are major tools for preventive maintenance and also satisfy many corrective maintenance needs. They are widely and effectively used as the initial surfacing over granular bases. They are increasingly used over cracked, existing surfaces to reduce reflection cracking in asphalt overlays.

It is apparent that …

Calcium Nitrite As A Corrosion Inhibitor In Reinforced Concrete Bridge Decks, Theodore Hopwood Ii, David Q. Hunsucker, Edgar E. Courtney

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The use of calcium nitrite es a corrosion-inhibiting admixture in reinforced concrete hes been studied on two bridges· the Kentucky 152 Bridge in Washington County and the Gose Road Bridge in Boyle County. Calcium nitrite was added to concrete used in the slabs, diaphragms and barriers of the KY 152 bridge and only in the slab of the Good Road bridge.

Construction of both structures was monitored in the fall of 1986. Placement of concrete on both bridges was satisfactory; however, problems were experienced in finishing the concrete. The finishing problems were related to: 1) concrete 'stickiness', 2) use of …

Highway Safety Research, Development, And Technology Transfer, John A. Deacon

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Late in 1987, the Federal Highway Administration assembled a seven-member panel which, guided by a primary contractor, Harrison Boyd & Associates, was charged with the task of developing a recommended five-year research, development, and technology transfer program for highway safety starting in the 1990s. As a part of the task, each panel member prepared an individual position paper to stimulate and focus panel discussions and, ultimately, to provide the basis for a consensus paper. This represents one such individual paper.

Although it is believed that significant safety gains can be achieved in the 1990s and beyond simply by more extensive …

Optimal Conjunctive Use-Sustained Yield Pumping Analysis For Eastern Arkansas, Rosalinda R.A. Cantiller, Richard C. Peralta, Hossein Azarmnia

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

The likelihood that irrigated agricultural acreages will increase in eastern Arkansas is high. This results from favorable agricultural soils, climate, and the availability of significant water resources.

Comparison Of Rigid Pavement Thickness Design Systems, Herbert F. Southgate

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Rigid pavement thickness design systems investigated during this study were the 1986 AASHTO, American Concrete Pavement Association (ACPA), Portland Cement Association (PCA), and Kentucky methods. The ACPA system is a computer program based upon the 1966 AASHTO design equation. It was difficult to evaluate and compare the Kentucky method to the PCA system because the input and analysis procedures differ greatly.

The Kentucky method is based upon the fatigue relationship involving the value of work at the bottom of the concrete pavement caused by the applied load and repetitions of an 18-kip single axleload. The AASHTO method was derived from …

Soil-Bridge Abutment Interaction, Bobby W. Meade, David L. Allen

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Presented herein are analyses of 6 bridge approaches. Lateral movement and settlement of the foundations and embankments are discussed. Result·s of slope stability and finite element analyses are related to measured movements. A graph for predicting approach pavement settlement is included. A theoretical approach model was used to run an extensive series of finite element analyses. Movements resulting from these analyses are presented with several variable model conditions. Variable conditions include embankment and foundation configuration, soil cohesion, and soil friction angle.

Evaluation Of A Polymer Asphalt Additive -- Kraton (1118 And 4141), L. John Fleckenstein, David L. Allen

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

This report documents the use of two types of asphaltic concrete mixture designs. Both the control mixture and a Kraton rubber mixture were placed on sections of the Hazard Bypass, in Hazard, Kentucky. The location of the project is shown in Figure 1.

Earthquake Priority Routes For Mclean County, Kentucky, David L. Allen, Vincent P. Drnevich, L. John Fleckenstein, Mostafa Sayedsadr

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

No abstract provided.

Evaluation Of Hydraway Edge Drain On Pennyrile Parkway, David L. Allen, L. John Fleckenstein

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Fabric On Stress-Strain Relation, Volume Change, And Dynamic Shear Modulus Of Ottawa Sand, Ming-Tarng Chen

Civil & Environmental Engineering Theses & Dissertations

To evaluate the effect of fabric on stress-strain behavior, volume change, and the dynamic shear modulus of Ottawa sand, four series of tests on hollow cylindrical specimens were performed by a torsional simple shear/resonant apparatus. All specimens were first isotropically consolidated, and then sheared along the different stress paths while keeping the mean effective stress constant. The test results showed that depositional fabric had a slight influence on the stress-strain behavior, and one half-cycle of pre-shearing created a clear anisotropy on the stress-strain response. The intermediate principal stress had a dominant effect on volume change characteristics but it might not …

Estimation Of In-Situ Compression Index Of Contaminated Clays Using The Electrical Method, Prasanna Ratnaweera

Theses

For contaminated clay soils, it has been found that current testing methods to determine compressibility characteristics do not truly identify the physico-chemiral interaction present in the soil-pore fluid-electrolyte system. Most methods are virtually impracticable due to various reasons such as evaporation of pore-fluid, difficulty of handling toxic chemicals, etc. Also, destructive test methods may not maintain in-situ conditions while testing.

The electrical properties of soils, the dielectric dispersion in particular is considered to represent the amount of physico-chemical interaction present in the soil-pore fluid-electrolyte system. For uncontaminated soils, correlations between the dielectric dispersion and the slope of the isotropic consolidation …

Optimal Allocation Of Water Among Industries In Dar Es Salaam City, Tanzania, J. I. Matondo

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Dar es Salaam is the city with the largest number of industries in Tanzania. However, the water demand for these industries is more than the supply. Therefore, there is a water use competing problem among the industries. Dynamic programming technique has been applied to optimally allocate the available water among the industries with the objective of maximizing the net benefits. Results reveal that, industries with the highest net return per unit of water will get the first priority of being allocated water.

Development Of A Spray Drought Cooling Tower, O. K. Kaunde

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

ABSTRACT A noval type direct contact cooling tower has been proposed in which the gas or air entering the tower is drawn by the ejector action of the sprays through which the feed water is admitted. The advantage offered by this type of tower is that it eliminates the usages of fan, thus saving the capital cost and power to drive it.

Entrainment of air by water was studied in a laboratory cooling tower and the result of the entire experiment indicate that the development of a spray drought tower is a feasible practice.

A General Correction For Spontaneous Potential Well Logs In Fresh Water, Cary L. Mcconnell

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A generalized empirical relationship was found which corrects spontaneous potential (SP) readings from well logs run in freshwater wells. The function was found by correlating measured and calculated spontaneous potentials. The calculated values are based on actual measured ionic content of groundwaters and are fully corrected for environmental effects and ion species. Without the empirical relationship the electrically equivalent to an NaCl solution resistivity, Rwe, is generally too low for fresh waters when computed with existing commercially available functions. The low Rwe makes the water appear saltier than it really is. One hundred sixty-two (162) individual formations from one hundred …

Lithotectonic Landslides And Hazards In Parts Of Garhwal-Kumaon Himalayas, R. S. Mithal

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Landslides produce an awesome picture of the hill sides with steep scarred, hollowed and gullied geomorphic features devoid of vegetation particularly between the major thrust zones. A look on the tectono-stratigraphic map of the region with marked major tectonic features like the Main Central Thrust (MCT), North Almora Thrust (NAT) and South Almora Thrust (SAT) indicates that the region is highly prone to landslides and is affected by repeated tectonic and orogenic processes. These factors with the nature of the rocks, climate and the heavy monsoon rains are responsible for sculpturing the region. The mountain features and the valley slopes …

Lock And Dam No. 26 R, Lock Cofferdam, Construction Sequencing, Robert J. Rapp, Joseph L. Schwenk

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Construction of a new lock and dam to replace existing Locks and Dam No. 26 required construction to be accomplished in three separate stages. Each portion of the new structure would be constructed inside cellular cofferdams. The construction of each cofferdam would require model tests to determine compatibility with design flow requirements relative to constructability of coffercells, scour of riverbed material, and navigation of river vessels. Compatibility of the lock cofferdam geometry was verified using model studies along with sequence for construction of the cofferdam cells. Construction of the second stage cofferdam was successfully completed in December 1985, followed by …

Evaluation Of Remedial In-Waste Leachate Head Reduction, Denise E. Mills, Donald A. Cordell

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Water quality monitoring at Cedar Hil.ls Regional Landfill, in King County, Washington has indicated that shallow ground water perched in lodgement till has been impacted by solid waste disposal. A leachate mound to 50 feet in thickness was identified in the refuse which overlies the low permeability till. The leachate head over the till is sufficient to cause downward flow of leachate through the till to shallow ground water, and may contribute to water quality impacts at the site. Lowering the leachate head, therefore, may reduce the potential for impacts on water quality. A study was conducted to obtain estimates …

Performance Of Some Tunnels In Squeezing Rocks Of Himalayas, T. Ramamurthy, V. M. Sharma

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Data regarding the performance of three tunnelling projects in the Himalayan region has been collected. It is seen that rock loads or deformations calculated on the basis of Barton, Bieniawski or RMR approach do not match the field data. A mathematical model has been developed incorporating modifications in the approach of Brown et.al of rock-support interaction, using elastic-strain softening-plastic ground characteristics. A non-linear relationship between radial and tangential strains around the tunnel has been considered and the method of calculation of stresses and deformations altered to incorporate exact integration of the governing differential equation for a thin cylindrical annulus replacing …

Performance Of A Harbor Embankment, D. G. Anderson, J. G. Dehner, T. B. King

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

An instrumentation program to monitor deformations and pore pressures in foundation soils during construction of a container wharf and backlands fill at the Port of Los Angeles is described in this paper. Inclinometers, vertical settlement systems, and pneumatic pore-pressure transducers were used to monitor the performance of a silty clay during various phases of container wharf and backlands construction. Results of the monitoring program and their impacts on wharf construction are presented and discussed. Instrumentation program refinements that were required during data gathering and interpretation are also noted.

Reliability Of A Wave Equation Analysis In The Estimation Of Static Bearing Capacity Of A Vertical Pile--A Case Study, S. Bandyopadhyay, M. K. Gupta, A. S. Arya

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Application of wave equation, in the analysis of pile behavior, under dynamic loading has started with Smith [9]. This paper presents a modified explicit numerical scheme, based on Smith's approach, which retains the simplicity and minimum storage requirement of Smith's scheme but offers a faster and more accurate solution near critical time step. Bearing capacity of pile is estimated through Poulos [8) scheme, after evaluating dynamic properties of soil from set value through this modified scheme. Observed load test results establish a good promise for this analysis.

Existing Pile Load Capacity Evaluation, Alan Kropp

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

An evaluation of the capacity of piles supporting an existing five-story building became necessary when heavy new shear walls were proposed for the structure. Data regarding these piles was obtained from the soil investigation report for the project, from two pile load tests at the site, and from driving records for 229 production piles. Additional information was derived from soil borings and pile load tests for two adjacent buildings. Calculations were made of the anticipated pile capacities of piles at load test locations, and empirical correction factors developed to modify the calculated values to match the load test results. The …

Ground Response To Sheet Pile Installation In Clay, Richard J. Finno, Dimitrios K. Atmatzidis, Steven M. Nerby

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The effects of sheet pile installation on an adjacent cohesive soil mass are described herein. Observations indicate that driving sheet pile caused pore pressures to double at some locations. These pore pressures extended further than reported in previous studies concerning driven piles. Initially pore pressures rapidly dropped, but dissipation slowed after this initial adjustment. Inclinometer and extensometer data indicate that the clay was laterally displaced up and away from the sheeting causing the ground surface to heave. The impact of this behavior on subsequent stress changes during excavation is discussed.

Performance Of Foundations And Retaining Structures, Daniel P. Gado, George P. Kelley, John J. Mcelroy

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The design, construction, and performance of several building foundations and temporary earth retaining structures located in the downtown area of White Plains, New York are presented in this paper. High rise structures were supported on shallow mat or spread foundations bearing on erratic saturated alluvial silt and sand deposits. Additionally, the construction of two and three level underground parking structures required the use of cantilevered and braced excavation support systems to retain the adjacent streets and utilities. Several assumptions were required to design and predict the performance of the building foundations and retaining structures. The accuracy of these assumptions was …

The Failure Of Oil Storage Tanks And Their Control, Stanislav Dovnarovitch, Yurji Ivanov

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The paper discusses of some results of flexible footings and their models behaviour in the case of loading-unloading cycles applied to them. The revealed effects have been used to explain the causes of some tanks failures. It has been shown that one of the possible causes is the difference between the displacements of the tank bottom and soil under it following unloading and subsequent loading. A simple technique has been proposed to prevent the failures that can be easily applied when constructing the tanks. The application of the technique both eliminates the causes of the failures and greatly reduces the …

Impact Of Tunneling On Two Brick-Bearing-Wall Structures, Marco D. Boscardin

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The responses or a pair or brick-bearing-wall structures to nearby construction or twin, shield driven 21-ft-diameter tunnels in soil are examined. Horizontal and vertical ground displacements are summarized and discussed, as well as, horizontal and vertical displacements, tilting, distortion, and damage sustained by the structures. Transient features or the developing settlement trough and effects on building response are also examined and discussed.