Chinese Studies Commons^™

Teaching Languages Online: Innovations And Challenges, Mayu Miyamoto, Natsumi Suzuki, Atsushi Fukada, Yuhan Huang, Siyan Hou, Wei Hong

Purdue Linguistics, Literature, and Second Language Studies Conference

Language professionals long resisted teaching online mainly because it was unthinkable to teach speaking in the online environment. Recent advances in technology, however, have made it conceivable. This chapter presents the design and implementation of online courses in Japanese and Chinese recently developed and being offered at Purdue University. We will highlight not only technologies involved, but also pedagogical innovations that helped resolve difficult issues. The efficacy of online teaching will also be touched upon. Reactions from enrolled students and the instructors that have taught the courses will also be shared.

The Evaluation Of Implicit And Explicit Instruction In Chinese Refusals: A Case Of A Japanese Learner, Bo Zhan

Purdue Linguistics, Literature, and Second Language Studies Conference

No abstract provided.

Session A-3: The Yin And Yang Of U.S.-China Relations 1840-Present, Diane Haleas

Professional Learning Day

The United States and China have experienced both difficult relations and positive relations. For over 150 years these interactions between the United States and China have resulted in significant influences on political, economic, and cultural decisions in both countries. This presentation will offer an overview of time periods, emphasize crucial events, and analyze the implications for U.S.-China relations today and in the future. Lesson plan ideas will be included.

The Paradox Of Power: Principal-Agent Problems And Fiscal Capacity In Absolutist Regimes, Debin Ma, Jared Rubin

ESI Working Papers

Tax extraction in Qing China was low relative to Western Europe. It is not obvious why: China was much more absolutist and had stronger rights over property and people. Why did the Chinese not convert their absolute power into revenue? We propose a model, supported by historical evidence, which suggests that i) the center could not ask its tax collecting agents to levy high taxes because it would incentivize agents to overtax the peasantry; ii) the center could not pay agents high wages in return for high taxes because the center had no mechanism to commit to refrain from confiscating …

Chinese Communication Studies: Three Paths Converging, Wenshan Jia

Communication Faculty Articles and Research

This contribution presents the possibilities for anthropological and neo-Marxist media within the hugely expanding sector of Chinese communication studies. China has sourced mostly from the American positivist tradition but is increasingly ­taking on board European critical thinking but it also needs to absorb some of the depth and diversity of indigenous scholarship existing in Chinese.

Jia, Lu, and Heisey (2002) presented an influential meta-analysis of every ­example of communication studies in China at that time. The book chapter which talks about the rise of the discipline and scholarship of Chinese communication as an academic discipline (Jia et al., 2014) summarises …

Evaluation Of A Community-Based Positive Youth Development Program For Adolescents With Greater Psychosocial Needs: Views Of The Program Participants, Daniel T. L. Shek, Cecilia M. S. Ma, Moon Y. M. Law, Zoe Zhao

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

The present study attempted to investigate the perceptions of Chinese secondary school students with greater psychosocial needs of the Tier 2 Program in the community-based phase of P.A.T.H.S. Project in Hong Kong (n=4245). Using a subjective outcome evaluation tool (Form C), the results revealed that a great majority of the students held positive attitudes toward the program, implementers and the effectiveness of the program. Also, the three domains of the program (“program quality”, “implementer quality” and “program effectiveness”) were significantly associated with each other. In line with previous findings, both program content and program implementer quality were significant predictors of …

Evaluation Of A Community-Based Positive Youth Development Program In Hong Kong: Views Of Program Implementers, Daniel T. L. Shek, Cecilia M. S. Ma, Xiaoqin Zhu

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Using a subjective outcome evaluation method, the current study investigated program implementers’ perceptions of the Tier 1 Program of the community-based P.A.T.H.S. Project in Hong Kong. After completion of the program, 599 program implementers completed a valid and reliable scale (i.e. Form B) to give their ratings on program content, their own performance, and perceived program effectiveness. As expected, most program implementers perceived the program in a favorable way by giving very positive ratings on the three aspects measured in Form B. Grade differences on the ratings were observed, with implementers teaching the senior curriculum held more positive views on …

Subjective Outcome Evaluation Of The Community-Based P.A.T.H.S. Project: Views Of Program Implementers, Daniel T. L. Shek, Janet T. Y. Leung, Cecilia M. S. Ma, Jing Wu

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

The present study adopted subjective outcome evaluation to examine program effectiveness from the views of implementers (N=375) who implemented the community-based Tier 2 Program of the Project P.A.T.H.S. in Hong Kong. The results revealed that most of the program implementers were satisfied with the program content, their own performance, and program benefits. In agreement with previous studies, the satisfaction ratings of both program content and implementer performance positively predicted perceived program benefits. Regarding the influences of different program delivery approaches, programs with the “interest-enhancement” (INT) element received a more positive evaluation from implementers than did the programs without that element. …

A Conceptual Change Of Style In The Officially Complied Catalogue Of Novelists From The Eastern Han Dynasty To The Northern Song Dynasty, Hailong Lv

Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art

From the Eastern Han dynasty to the Northern Song dynasty, the official amendment of "novelists" had changed its style from "little narration involved" to "valuation of narration" This change of the concept of style was first initiated by Liu Zhiji was established by Ouyang Xiu. Their views were mainly seen in Shitong: Zashu and A Xintangshu. The former had had a great influence on the latter, especially in terms of how to assess the status of fiction, how to explain the nature of a novel as well as how to make additions and deletions to the works collected in Novelists, …

A Study Of The Origin Of "The Feng Brothers" Poetics From Home Influence And Discipleship, Yafeng Li, Youliang Zhang

Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art

The Feng brothers of Haiyu are important figures of the Yushan School of poets, and have been regarded as the backbone of those who opposed of the retro-poetics in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. But few people have discovered the relationship between the Feng brothers and the retro school. This is not conducive to understanding their true poetics, and not conducive to clarifying the actual trajectory of poetry evolution from the Ming to the Qing. And this affects the correct understanding and evaluation of the status and the role of the Yushan School of poets. A comparative analyses …

Difference And Nexus Between Yijing And Chanjing: A Brief Discussion And Response To Yang Chu, Zuzhao Gu

Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art

The nexus between poetry and Chan is a hard issue in literary history. The paper outlines the formation of the theory of yijing, the ideo-mood-imagery, or the poetically evoked realm so as to tell that yijing is an original Chinese aesthetic category and it cannot be distorted by alien culture. The article, drawing on Sutra Spoken of Southern Buddhism, proceeds to show that chanjing, or the zen-induced realm, is characterized by the absence of images and emotions and aesthetic purposes, thus highlighting the basic difference of Yijing and Chanjing. The above argumentation aims to clarify various kinds of misunderstandings about …

The Aesthetic Ideology Of Post-Marxism, Yongkang Fan, Fengjie Liu

Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art

This paper aims to analyze the philosophical basis, theoretical connotation and theoretical characteristics of the theory of post-Marxist aesthetic ideology. The influential theory about aesthetic ideology in China belongs to the "problematic" of traditional Marxism, but the contemporary Western aesthetic ideology belongs to the 'problematic' of post-Marxism. The former is based on historical materialism, and the latter on cultural materialism and language constructivism. From the perspective of post-Marxism, aesthetic ideology no longer stays at the ‘metaphysical’ linguistic, cultural and symbolic levels; it is integrated with "physical" material systems and social reality and becomes parasitic within the institutions, thus having material …

Ecocriticism And Shakespeare, Until 2016, C. Estok Simon

Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art

Ecocriticism is a fairly new area of investigation that has rapidly and sometimes controversially expanded. Theorizing ecocriticism has at times been met with debate, and traditional areas of literary studies have not always been entirely receptive. Thus, the expansion of ecocritical theory into Shakespearean studies (now a thriving micro industry all its own) warrants serious discussion, both from contextual and theoretical positions. This article will cover three main sections: 1] an introduction to the general field of ecocriticism; 2] the theory and the practice of ecocriticism (including the problems and the promises); and 3] Shakespeare and ecocriticism. The more that …

The Adaptation Of Chuanqi In Fiction Anthologies Of The Ming Dynasty And Its Significance For Stylistics, Minghua Ren

Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art

Among about 200 fiction anthologies published in the Ming Dynasty, there were nearly 70 that included chuanqi. Compilers often rewrote the original text according to their own aesthetic tastes and ideas of fiction. There existed three strategies of rewriting. First, compilers added or deleted verses, which consolidated or undermined the style of chuanqi by working on its form, making verse a variable of the style of fiction. Second, they changed characterization, plot design, narration, etc., and even transformed the style, which reflected compilers' understanding of characterization and the art of narration. Third, they changed the language by making the original …

The Construction Of Literary Theory Of The Individual Chuanqi In The Mid-Tang Dynasty, Junjun Li

Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art

The individual chuanqi of the Mid-Tang Dynasty established the model for chuanqi's style and its fundamental connotation. In terms of form and narrative pattern, the individual chuanqi of the Mid-Tang Dynasty was different from tales of the miraculous before the Tang Dynasty, early Tang Dynasty chuanqi and historical biographies. The individual chuanqi of the Mid­-Tang Dynasty was intentionally created by literati to showcase their literary talent. In the lifelike and intimate narration, real-to-­life details helped to shape the reality of characters' emotions and story development. In the process of circulation, the writing style of the individual chuanqi became a genre; …

The Italian Renaissance In China, Xin Gao

Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art

The Italian Renaissance, as an "Other" of Chinese thoughts, has been playing an important role in helping Chinese intellectuals and scholars to reshape their subjective imagination about nations, states, arts, beliefs, values, and individuality. From the outset of Modernization, it provoked several waves of debate among Chinese artists, theorists, historians, intellectuals and scholars, respectively during the early 1930s, 1978-1980, and 2007-2008. Broadly speaking, the Chinese scholarship on the Italian Renaissance has developed in several directions. In terms of research objectives, it ranges from instrumentalist and pragmatic appropriations of Western learning, to more comprehensive, sophisticated socio-historical research and cultural studies. In …

The Paradigm Of "Ego Absent" In Classical Chinese Poem Writing: A Case Study Of Tang Poems, Yuqin Jiang

Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art

It is usually believed that in classical Chinese poem writing, except on the form, there is little emphasis on internal aesthetic rules. Or rather, such rules are invisibly there, but simply defy any expedient attempt at summarization or generalization. Based on a textual examination of Tang poems and on critics' diachronic observations about Tang poetry, the paper contends that in classical Chinese poem writing, there does exist an aesthetic rule which can be termed the paradigm of "ego absent" characterized by the representation of scenery as a metaphorical expression of feelings and emotions. The emergence of the scenery-as-feelings/emotions paradigm in …

World Literature As A Literary Space, Mengze Yao

Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art

"World literature" has multiple meanings such as world literature as a discipline, as a pedagogical practice, or as a theoretical problem. As to the last meaning of the concept, scholars worldwide have emphasized the institution of world literature more than world literature works. This emphasis comes as a result of a rethinking of the world after the 1970s, so that the "institution" here is substantially the institution of the world. However, this "world" should not be taken as the real world, but a unique world of literature, and the essence of this institution is the more complex and more subtle …

A Study Of Acoustic Narrative In A Dream Of Red Mansions, Zhiping Yang

Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art

Acoustic narrative is widely used in A Dream of Red Mansions. It greatly enhances the artistic value of the novel and plays an important role in highlighting the novel's multi-significance. The acoustic narrative in A Dream of Red Mansions promotes the development of the plots, strengthens the characterization, and contributes to improving the poetic significance of the novel. Due attention should be given to the acoustic narrative in reading and studying A Dream of Red Mansions.

"As If Before The Eyes" And "Seen Beyond Words": The Aesthetic Pursuit And Function Of Inner-Vision In Chinese Poetics, Jing Zhang

Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art

Images and artistic conception in ancient Chinese poetics are in fact a beauty of inner-vision, which is the origin of what are seen as aesthetic standards: "yan wai zhi yi (lit. implication beyond words)" and "yun wai zhi zhi (lit. resonance beyond tone)". The beauty of inner-vision exactly reflects the basic aesthetic attributes of literature. Mei Yaochen, a poet in the Song Dynasty, says, "Depicting what is hard to depict as if before the eyes and expressing unlimited meaning beyond words." The inner logic for this sentence is that the former is the premise of the latter. Ideas such as …

Contemplations On The Construction Of An Internet Literature Evaluation System, Ting Ouyang

Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art

No abstract provided.

Charles Morris's Pragmatics And The Paradigm Shift In Southern Song Landscape Painting, Lian Duan

Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art

Studying the landscape painting of the Southern Song period, this essay proposes a semiotic paradigm to examine its artistic change. The idea of this paradigm is inspired by the theory of Charles Morris, specifically, the Morrisian hypothesis about the pragmatical dimension of semiosis. From this point of view, this essay explores the inwardness of Southern Song art, and observes that, due to the change of cultural context, Chinese landscape painting in the Southern Song experienced a paradigm shift from realist representation to self-expression, which decisively re-directed the course of the mainstream in Chinese landscape painting from being external sensitive to …

Historical Evolution And Reflection On The Concept "The Essence Of Literature", Daren Lai

Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art

The essence of literature is an issue of modern literary theory. In the process of Chinese literary theory's modern transformation and development, the theorization of the essence of literature was highlighted, and has become the key issue in modern literary theory. This concept has adapted itself several times through historical construction and evolution, from the beginning of the twentieth century to the period of reform and opening up, in accordance with the change of time and the development of literature. The new period also saw the evolution process of this concept under different critical lenses: social and aesthetic ideology theories, …

Shen Congwen And The Study Of Material Culture, Jin Ji

Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art

Forced to stop writing after 1949, Shen Congwen veered his attention to the study of material culture. Consistent with his literary creation, his study of folk and daily cultural relics was a "lyrical archeology" to present his life. The guideline for his study of material culture was "biographing things" by tracing their histories with a massive amount of literature. His emphasis on the material existence not only echoed ideas in modern archeology, but also related to his long-term obsession with "things", hence the juxtaposition of handed-down relics, newly discovered literature and articles. His study penetrated original discipline boundaries, because he …

Genesis And Evolution Of The Concept "Chinese Painting" — The Art Of The Early Republican China, Yiran Xiong

Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art

The concept "traditional Chinese painting" was originally a by-product of the establishment of a national state. In the process of naming, there existed an intervention of state power and a repression of cultural diversity. At the same time, concepts related to "traditional Chinese painting", such as the artist's identity, ink, the artistic function of Chinese painting, were also changed with the expansion of the concept "Chinese painting". In the early Republican China, when the West stood out as the other, the positions of "the Westernized Chinese style" or "the Sinicized Western style" underpinning experimental arts were further highlighted, showing the …

The Dilemma Of Minority Ethic Group's Literary Theory And The Conjunction With "Aphasia" Of Chinese Literary Theory, Xinyong Yao, Yajuan Liu

Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art

The paper focuses on the process of Chinese minority ethnic group ancient literary theory discipline construction, introduces the general characteristics of the discipline, and reveals the main dilemma perplexed. And also comparing the discussion of the "Alogia" of Chinese literary theory together with other related disciplines in the recent two decades. Through this discussion we try to practicing multi-dimensional and polygonal speech in which the China's literatures and literary theories should have.

The Genesis Of Literature, Shuying Du

Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art

Existing hypotheses of the genesis (or the origin) of literature and arts, such as the renowned theory of "mimesis", of labor, of witchcraft, and of play, have made their due contribution, but none of them is entirely convincing. Equally important to the field of study are theories by the Russian scholar Alexander Veselovsky and Chinese scholars Lu Kan and Feng Yuanjun, who have been neglected by academics. It is probable that Giovanni Battista Vico's New Science is the closest to the truth of the origin of arts. Therefore, his ideas are still provocative. This article proposes another hypothesis: literature (poetry) …

The Philosophical Art Criticism Of Rosalind Krauss, Wenji Zhou

Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art

As a well-known American art critic and art theorist, Rosalind Krauss established her own criticism style from the perspective of structuralism and post-structuralism, drawing on Saussure's ideas, semiology, psychoanalysis and various theories to take a philosophical art criticism on modern and postmodern art. This paper explores her particularly philosophical idea about the theory of grid and the formless while reviewing her philosophical art criticism, and therefore it presents the cultural logic behind modernist myths and essential postmodernism ideas. Hence, through philosophical art criticism, Krauss went through the change from the formalism to post-formalism during the course of unveiling the modernist …

The Void As The Effect: The Constructive Precondition Of Buddhist Aesthetics, Yun Wang

Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art

If the "void" is taken as an aesthetic concept, the idea of the "void as the effect" should be its indispensable condition. If "cause and effect" is understood as a kind of time sequence, then "effect" is undoubtedly the end of this process. This "sequence" indicates the pursuit for reason and emphasis on the end, and thus it establishes the aesthetic vision for the "void". The development of the idea of the void has revealed that it is getting increasingly result-oriented with more emphases on proving and tracing the result that one gets what the mind turns to. Thus the …

Zhiyan And Zhuangzi's Concept Of Yan, Shugang Liu

Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art

This paper investigates zhiyan ("the goblet words"), which is the most important of the three kinds of words Zhuangzi used. In Zhuangzi, yan ("words") refers to the speeches peoples make, or texts the scholars write, and also concepts hidden in peoples' behavior. Therefore, zhiyan is not only a special way of speaking or writing, but also suggests a special style of living, and it depends on the deconstruction of the self. Zhiyan is closely related to Zhuangzi's essential theories such as the equalities between all speeches and the transformation of things. Based on the consciousness of language that zhiyan implies, …