Architectural Engineering Commons^™

Thermal Insulation In Building Design: A Comparison Of Insulation Materials, Patrick Williams

Opportunities for Undergraduate Research Experience Program (OURE)

In any type of construction, thermal inefficiency is a costly problem. Currently, we base our decisions on which insulation material to use based on R-values given by the manufacturers. Testing will allow a direct comparison of the actual insulating performance efficiency of materials and will prove or disprove the R-value as a reliable means of comparing their insulating properties. This project will test various construction and insulation materials to develop R-values in true building applications. The key areas investigated will utilize a test box built with varying insulation materials and a direct source of heat. Through this testing, the most …

Individual Certification As An Engineering Manager?, Rafael Landaeta, Kawintorn Pothanun, William Peterson

Engineering Management & Systems Engineering Faculty Publications

Several of the discipline specific professional societies are offering or planning to offer certification of individuals as engineering managers. Does this have implications for Engineering Management programs at universities? Other stakeholders (faculty, students, employers, and graduates of engineering management programs) are impacted by certification as well. This paper attempts to look at the issue from several points of view. This paper is intended to provoke a dialog on the topic.

Teaching Lessons Learned: Shock And Awe In The Civil Engineering Classroom, Allen C. Estes

Architectural Engineering

No abstract provided.

Continuous Commissioning Leading Energy Project Process - An Industry Approach, Mingsheng Liu, Jinrong Wang, Ken Hansen, Ann Selzer

Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction: Faculty Publications

Continuous Commissioning (CC^®) is an ongoing process to resolve operating problems, improve comfort, optimize energy use, and identify retrofits for existing commercial and institutional buildings and central plant facilities. This process was initiated in 1992 and formally documented in 1999 by the Energy Research Journal and in 2002 by the Continuous Commissioning Guidebook for Federal Energy Managers. The CC process has been very successful for many public facilities. A significant amount of energy savings has been achieved and documented.

Recently, the authors developed the Continuous Commissioning Leading Energy Project process and demonstrated this process in over a dozen …

Engineering And Software Requirements Of The Automated Building Commissioning Analysis Tool (Abcat), David E. Claridge, Mingsheng Liu, Frank Painter, Gang Wang

Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction: Faculty Publications

Disclaimer - 3

Acknowledgements - 4

Engineering Requirements

Software Requirements - 5

Mechanical Damping System For Structures, Jay A. Puckett, Patrick S. Mcmanus, Homer R. Hamilton Iii

Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction: Faculty Publications

A mechanical damping system for a structure is provided. The mechanical damping system comprises a tubular impact frame secured to the structure. A support frame is secured to the structure with the support frame spaced from the impact frame. An elongated member is provided having a first end and a second end. The first end is secured within the support frame and the second end is free from connection and extends into the impact frame. At least one impact mass is secured to the second end of the elongated member, the impact mass movable within and contactable with the impact …

Or-05-6-4: Relating Human Productivity And Annoyance To Indoor Noise Criteria Systems: A Low Frequency Analysis, Erica Eileen Bowden, Lily M. Wang

Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction: Faculty Publications

A number of indoor noise criteria systems are used to quantify the background noise in a built environment, including Noise Criteria (NC), Balanced Noise Criteria (NCB), Room Criteria (RC), Room Criteria Mark II (RC Mark II), A-weighted Equivalent Sound Pressure Level (L_Aeq), and others. An on-going debate exists in the acoustical community over which criterion is the most appropriate to use in the variety of ambient noise situations encountered. In an effort to quantitatively support the use of individual criterion, this project subjectively correlates these various criteria with human task performance and perception. Eleven subjects participated in a …

Field Evaluation Of Unreinforced Masonry Walls Strengthened With Frp Composites Subjected To Out-Of-Plane Loading, Gustavo Tumialan, Davide Tinazzi, John J. Myers, Antonio Nanni

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Unreinforced masonry (URM) walls at a decommissioned building in St. Louis, Missouri were tested to failure. the walls belonging to the present experimental program were subjected to out-of-plane loading. Previous work on URM and reinforced masonry walls strengthened with FRP laminates has shown remarkable increases in capacity and ductility. However, most of this research has been conducted under laboratory conditions, where, many times, it is a difficult task to represent real field conditions. in this context, this experimental program offered a singular opportunity for performing field experimentation on URM walls strengthened with Glass, Aramid and Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (GFRP, …

Strengthening Of Masonry Structures With Frp Composites, J. Gustavo Tumialan, Francesco Micelli, Antonio Nanni

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Unreinforced masonry (URM) walls are prone to failure when subjected to out-of-plane and in-plane loads. the development of effective and affordable strengthening strategies is a need. in this context fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) materials offer viable solutions to solve or lessen the effects of overloading. This paper describes FRP systems proposed for use in the strengthening of masonry elements as well as the impact of such systems on the building being retrofitted. Also, field applications, some potential and others already implemented applications, are described. Field applications include strengthening for natural hazards (i.e. earthquakes and high wind pressures) as well as …

Multiobjective Optimization Of Seismic Structures, Franklin Y. Cheng, Dan Li, Jeffrey Ger

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper presents a constrained Mult objective optimization method in the form of a robust, practical, problem-independent formulation based on genetic algorithm combined with game theory and investigates the effect of Mult objective optimization on structural design. the study includes objectives, constraints, and design variables as well as their effect on structural design and behavior. the algorithm comprises - Mult objective fitness function, niche method, and Pareto set filter. a 10-story setback building is used to illustrate the evaluation of three choices: steel frame, reinforced concrete frame, composite steel and reinforced concrete frame. Evaluation is based on economics as well …

An Assessment Of In-Situ Frp Shear And Flexural Strengthening Of Reinforced Concrete Joists, Annaiah Raghu, John J. Myers, Antonio Nanni

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This study examines the in-situ shear performance and modes of failure of reinforced concrete (RC) T-beams (joists) strengthened with externally bonded carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets. the experimental program consisted of testing a series of nine structural components at the Malcom Bliss Hospital, in St. Louis, Missouri. the members were tested to validate the different systems and techniques of strengthening. in particular, this paper covers cases of U-Wraps with and without end-anchors. the experimental results clearly indicate the contribution of externally bonded CFRP sheets in increasing the shear capacity of the system. the experimental and theoretical shear strength of …

Overview Of The Japanese Guidelines For Seismic Retrofitting Of Rc Columns Using Frp Materials, Gustavo Tumialan, Hiroshi Fukuyama, Antonio Nanni

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The increasing uses of FRP materials for the strengthening and upgrade of buildings has motivated the international engineering community to produce guidelines for the proper design, handling and installation of the externally bonded FRP systems. Thus, independent efforts coordinated by different organizations such as the Japan Building Disaster Prevention Association (JBDPA) and the American Concrete Institute (ACI) have led to implementing appropriate provisions. the JBDPA guidelines mainly focus on seismic retrofitting of structural elements, which implies the strengthening for shear of deficient structural elements. This paper describes and comments on some of the design approaches provided by the JBDPA guidelines …

Bridge Deck Replacement For Minimum Expected Cost Under Multiple Reliability Constraints, Mark G. Stewart, Allen C. Estes, Dan M. Frangopol

Architectural Engineering

The present paper investigates the effect of limit state selection (strength versus serviceability) on bridge deck life-cycle costs and thus on optimal repair strategies. Such a comparison may then help determine whether safety or functionality (or both) are important criteria when optimizing bridge life-cycle performance and costs. The structural element under consideration is a reinforced concrete bridge deck; namely, a State Highway Bridge in Colorado. Two limit states are considered: ultimate strength and serviceability. The exceedence of either of the limit states considered herein will result in deck replacement; namely, if the reliability index falls below a target reliability index …

Construction Management Internship And Co-Op Programs Stakeholder Needs Assessment.Pdf, Khalid Siddiqi

Faculty Articles

This study analyzes various types of internships and co-op programs offered by universities which are accredited by the American Council of Construction Education ACCE. Practical training requirements for Bachelor of Science BS Construction students and construction companies needs are also assessed. Responses to a questionnaire survey which was administered to program directors of ACCE accredited programs construction firms and construction students provide information about existing types of internship and co-op programs. Student perspective and preferences sought through an internship or co-op position in the Construction Industry were also identified in the study. Construction companies seeking new graduates for employment consider …

Objective And Subjective Evaluation Of The Use Of Directional Sound Sources In Auralizations, Lily M. Wang, Michelle C Vigeant

Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction: Faculty Publications

Omni-directional sources are often used in room acoustic computer simulations, as opposed to directional sources, since measured directivity data are quite limited and difficult to obtain.  The purpose of this study is to investigate the objective and subjective significance of adding more complex directivity to the sources used in computer simulations and auralizations.  A simple hall was used as the modelled space in the software program ODEON.  Three source positions on stage and three receiver audience positions were chosen.  Impulse responses (IRs) were calculated for the nine source/receiver combinations, using (a) an omni-directional source, (b) a highly directional source beaming …

Interactions Of Model Detail Level And Scattering Coefficients In Room Acoustic Computer Simulation, Lily M. Wang, Jonathan Rathsam, Steven Ryherd

Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction: Faculty Publications

A previous study by the author showed that varying the geometric detail level across a normal range for room acoustic computer modeling has little effect on the results of those computer simulations, if major surfaces in the hall are still constructed accurately.  Scattering coefficients were kept constant across all detail levels.  If one were using lower levels of detail, though, one might assign different material scattering coefficients to compensate for the less mixing geometry.  To study the interaction between model detail level and scattering coefficient selection, three performance spaces in Omaha, Nebraska have been modeled in ODEON at varying levels …

Updating Reliability Of Steel Miter Gates On Locks And Dams Using Visual Inspection Results, Allen C. Estes, Dan M. Frangopol, Stuart D. Foltz

Architectural Engineering

As both reliability analyses and systematic inspection programs for the world’s infrastructure gain increased usage and prominence, it becomes more important to use the information from routine visual inspections to update lifetime reliability assessments and resulting life-cycle inspection/repair strategies. The Army Corps of Engineers currently uses reliability analyses to economically justify the major rehabilitation of navigation structures. This paper illustrates how the Condition Index visual inspections for locks and dams can be modified and used to update the reliability analysis of a steel miter gate. The miter gates on two existing locks and dams along the Mississippi River are used …

Flexural Strengthening Of Bridge Piers Using Frp Composites, Tarek Alkhrdaji, Antonio Nanni

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The effectiveness of FRP jackets for increasing the shear capacity and the flexural ductility of reinforced concrete (RC) columns was demonstrated in many studies. However, for smaller axial loads, the contribution of FRP jackets to flexural strength is minimal. using FRP sheets in the direction of a column with end anchorage to improve its flexural capacity at the base is not easily achieved. This paper reports on a research project aimed at upgrading the flexural capacity of RC piers using near-surface mounted (NSM) FRP rods. Flexural strengthening and testing to failure of the piers were carried out on a bridge …

Accuracy And Interferences For Enzyme-Linked Immunoassay Tests For Atrazine, Craig D. Adams, Hua Jiang, Michael Mcguire, Nicole Graziano, Alan Roberson, Michelle Frey

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Atrazine is one of the most commonly used herbicides in the United States, therefore it is a regulatory concern and is extensively monitored in the environment, especially in drinking water. Because of the higher costs of gas chromatography (GC) methods, utility managers and regulators are considering the increased use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods for monitoring atrazine. an ELISA test kit was recently approved by the US Environmental Protection Agency. the research in this article points out potential biases and inaccuracies that may occur with such test kits. ELISA test kits for atrazine are typically precise (repeatable) but often …

The Providence River Relocation Project, Architecture Department, Bruner Foundation

Rudy Bruner Award | 30 Years of Urban Excellence

The Providence River Relocation project in Rhode Island’s capital city redirected rivers, overhauled transit infrastructure, and created a new riverfront downtown. Thirty years in the making, the relocation of the Woonasquatucket and Moshassuck rivers, construction of a new rail station, highway interchanges, and twelve bridges restored historical links among Providence’s Capital Center, College Hill, and downtown. The project improved traffic flow in and through downtown and added pedestrian-friendly spaces, including 1.5 miles of river walks, along with a new urban park including a restaurant, amphitheater, fountain, and boat landing.

Redirecting the rivers created new, marketable commercial land without demolishing …

An Improved Optimal Elemental Method For Updating Finite Element Models, Zhongdong Duan, B. F. Spencer, Guirong Yan, Jinping Ou

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The Optimal Matrix Method and Optimal Elemental Method Used to Update Finite Element Models May Not Provide Accurate Results. This Situation Occurs When the Test Modal Model is Incomplete, as is Often the Case in Practice. an Improved Optimal Elemental Method is Presented that Defines a New Objective Function, and as a Byproduct, Circumvents the Need for Mass Normalized Modal Shapes, Which Are Also Not Readily Available in Practice. to Solve the Group of Nonlinear Equations Created by the Improved Optimal Method, the Lagrange Multiplier Method and Matlab Function Fmincon Are Employed. to Deal with Actual Complex Structures, the Float-Encoding …

Web Crippling And Combined Bending And Web Crippling Of Cold-Formed Steel Beam Headers, Sutton F. Stephens, Roger A. Laboube

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Beam headers are commonly used in walls framed with cold-formed steel studs to span openings in bearing walls. This paper presents the results of an experimental study conducted at the University of Missouri-Rolla to establish the web crippling strength of both box- and I-beam headers for an interior-one-flange (IOF) loading condition. the beam header specimens were tested as a system consisting of two C-sections together with top and bottom track sections. the header configuration used in this study are defined in the Standard for Cold-Formed Steel Framing, Header Design (2000). Tested as a system, it was found that the web …

Updating Bridge Reliability Based On Bridge Management Systems Visual Inspection Results, Allen C. Estes, Dan M. Frangopol

Architectural Engineering

Bridge management systems have become increasingly sophisticated over the past decade and provide valuable information about the structural condition of all bridges in the national database. At the same time, reliability methods have gained increasing prominence and are used to forecast life-cycle performance over many decades of structural life. Such reliability analyses need to be updated based on the results of inspections. Specifically targeted nondestructive evaluations are the preferred solution, but are not always available for every bridge. This paper examines how the visual inspection data provided from bridge management systems already in place can be used to update the …

Characterizing Debris Clouds Created In Oblique Orbital Debris Particle Impact, D. Depczuk, William P. Schonberg

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The problem of pollution within Earth's orbital environment has gained considerable recognition over the past decades. Determining adequate passive protection schemes is an unending process that attempts to meet different objectives for widely varying types of missions. Significant amounts of resources have been expended toward development of numerical and analytical models that model the response of a variety of target systems under high-speed orbital debris impacts. the objective of the study whose results are presented herein was to improve upon an existing oblique hypervelocity impact model that characterizes the various secondary debris clouds created in such an impact. This was …

North American Design Guidelines For Concrete Reinforcement And Strengthening Using Frp: Principles, Applications And Unresolved Issues, Antonio Nanni

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper reports on the North American state-of-the-art in the use of FRP composites in concrete structures. for new construction, FRP bars have been used as the internal reinforcement in concrete members to replace conventional steel rebars for a host of reasons. the principles for design and construction have been established and proposed to industry by the American Concrete Institute (ACI). for repair and upgrade, strengthening of concrete members with externally bonded FRP laminates or near surface mounted (NSM) bars has received remarkable attention. the design and construction principles for use in practice are being finalized by ACI. on the …

Modeling And Control Of Vinyl Chloride In Drinking Water Distribution Systems, Michael Beardsley, Craig D. Adams

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In water distribution systems containing PVC pipe manufactured in the "early era" (prior to 1977), vinyl chloride can leach into drinking water resulting in vinyl chloride concentrations exceeding the 2 μg·L-1 maximum contaminant level. Field testing of dead-end segments of water distribution systems consisting of early-era PVC pipe was conducted to examine their initial intrapipe vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) concentrations based on a Fickian-diffusion-Based leaching model. the experiments showed a wide range of VCM concentrations within early-era PVC pipe ranging from less than 50 to more than 600 mg·kg-1. based on the diffusion modeling approach, a protocol was designed that …

Performance Review Of Indoor Noise Criteria, Lily M. Wang, Erica Eileen Bowden

Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction: Faculty Publications

Currently there are a number of indoor noise criteria used to quantify the level of background noise in rooms, including Noise Criteria (NC), Balanced Noise Criteria (NCB), Room Criteria (RC), Room Criteria Mark II (RC Mark II) and others.  This paper reviews the pros and cons of each of these and then compares the values measured in existing classrooms in the Omaha area.  The authors are in the process of subjectively comparing these various criteria to determine which method best correlates with human perception.  The subjective testing methods and preliminary results are discussed.

Field Assessment Of Unreinforced Masonry Walls Strengthened With Fiber Reinforced Polymer Laminates, J. Gustavo Tumialan, Nestore Galati, Antonio Nanni

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Unreinforced masonry (URM) walls strengthened with composites were tested to failure at a decommissioned building in St. Louis, Missouri. the walls were subjected to out-of-plane loading. Previous work on URM as well as reinforced masonry walls strengthened with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) laminates has shown remarkable increases in capacity and ductility. However, most of this research work has been conducted in the laboratory, where it is difficult to reproduce real field conditions. in this context, this experimental program offered a unique opportunity for performing field experimentation on URM walls strengthened FRP laminates showing that shear compression led to controlling the …

Tensile Characterization Of Frp Rods For Reinforced Concrete Structures, F. Micelli, Antonio Nanni

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The application of FRP rods as an internal or external reinforcement in new or damaged concrete structures is based on the development of design equations that take into account the mechanical properties of FRP material systems. the measurement of mechanical characteristics of FRP requires a special anchoring and protocol, since it is well known that these characteristics depend on the direction and content of fibers. in this study, an effective tensile test method is described for the mechanical characterization of FRP rods. Twelve types of glass and carbon FRP specimens with different sizes and surface characteristics were tested to validate …

Structural Design Practice Assumptions And Code Interpretation, Craig Baltimore

Architectural Engineering

No abstract provided.