Architectural Engineering Commons^™

"Putting A Fence Around" Architectural Engineering Undergraduate Research Projects, Edmond P. Saliklis

Architectural Engineering

The purpose of this paper is to provide practical suggestions of how to design and most importantly, how to limit the scope of proposed projects such that that an architectural engineering student can successfully participate in undergraduate research. Throughout the paper, the pedagogical benefits of such research projects will be emphasized. This paper will provide ideas and encouragement to faculty who may be hesitant to undertake research with undergraduate students. The paper closes with several successful case studies.

Two Alternative System Reliability Approaches To The Serviceability Condition Assessment Of Spillway Gate Systems On Dams, Allen C. Estes, Stuart D. Foltz

Architectural Engineering

Two competing methods were introduced for analyzing the condition of a structural system. The results produced by both were very different. In the weighted average approach, the system condition index will always be somewhere between the condition of the best and worst component in the system. In the traditional reliability approach, the condition index will always be lower than the condition of the worst member in a series system and higher than the condition of the best member in a parallel system. A traditional reliability approach works extremely well for a strength-based system where the importance factors of the components …

Amherst Ma: A New Village Plan For Atkins Corner, Maggie Jones, Richard Barringer

Planning

The case study describes a successful smart growth initiative in the town of Amherst, Massachusetts, at an intersection known as Atkins Corner. The initiative grew from two motivating factors: the necessity of realigning Route 116, a major north-to-south artery through the town, to decrease traffic accidents at the intersection and improve pedestrian safety; and a desire on the part of Hampshire College and the Town to create a village center at the intersection. Through a consensus-building process involving key town officials, Hampshire College, neighbors, and the design firm of Dodson Associates, agreement on the project was reached with local stakeholders …

Effects Of Changing The Amount Of Absorption In A Computer Model Of Queen’S Hall, Copenhagen, Denmark, Michelle C Vigeant, Lily M. Wang, Jens Holger Rindel

Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction: Faculty Publications

Room acoustics modelling and auralizations are very useful tools in the design of acoustically sensitive spaces.  One area of improvement for auralizations is the method of modelling the source directivity.  A new method to incorporate source directivity is multi-channel auralizations.  This study first evaluates the objective effects of using four and thirteen channel impulse responses in an ODEON model of Queen’s Hall, where the actual variable absorption is changed within the model.  Analyses of the results reveal great differences in the objective parameters of reverberation time and sound pressure level across each channel’s impulse response.  Subjective studies were then conducted …

Indigenous Architecture For Expeditionary Installations, Matthew B. Hutchings

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this research was to improve the effectiveness of facility design and construction for expeditionary installations in the Middle East. Specifically, this thesis sought to answer three research questions addressing current military construction policies as well as historical design of desert dwelling cultures, a comparison of current construction assemblies with indigenous design, and synthesis of indigenous design techniques with modern materials, techniques, and requirements. The research questions were answered through a comprehensive literature review, rudimentary quantitative analysis, and architectural design. The research indicated the feasibility of incorporating indigenous design into facility construction on expeditionary installations to improve building …

Room Acoustics In Coupled Volume Spaces, David T. Bradley, Lily M. Wang

Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction: Faculty Publications

The study of sound in the built environment is finding more awareness in the 21^st century.  As this awareness has increased, and as computing power has grown, the method of computer modeling for studying room acoustics in such settings as classrooms, offices, and performances spaces has taken great strides in recent years.  Of particular interest has been the study of the coupled volume space due to its unique ability to provide contrasting acoustical phenomenon.  A coupled volume room is generally defined as a space consisting of a large main volume containing high levels of sound absorption connected through small …

Measuring Sound Power In Ducted Heating, Ventilating, And Air-Conditioning (Hvac) Systems For Use In Verifying Acoustical Prediction Methods, Steven R. Ryherd, Lily M. Wang

Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction: Faculty Publications

This paper discusses issues regarding in-situ methods of obtaining sound power at a point in a heating, ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) duct system.  Such a method is being used as part of a larger investigation on acoustical prediction methods to allow for comparison of measured data to results from attenuation predictions of individual duct elements, such as elbows or dampers.  Sound propagation in HVAC duct work is complex.  Any measurements of sound energy in the duct must address the characteristics of sound propagation in ducts, end reflections, and air turbulence.  Investigations are being conducted to understand the extents to which …

Room Acoustics Computer Modeling: Study Of The Effect Of Source Directivity On Auralizations, Michelle C Vigeant, Lily M. Wang, Jens Holger Rindel

Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction: Faculty Publications

Auralizations are very useful in the design of performing arts spaces, where auralization is the process of rendering audible the sound field in a space, in such a way as to simulate the binaural listening experience at a given position in the modeled space.  One of the fundamental modeling inputs to create auralizations is the source directivity.  Standard methods involve inputting the measured source directivity, calculating the impulse response and convolving it with a single channel anechoic recording.  An initial study was conducted using this method and the results showed significant differences in reverberation time and clarity index when using …

A Review Of Diffuse Reflections In Architectural Acoustics, Jonathan Rathsam, Lily M. Wang

Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction: Faculty Publications

Diffuse reflections have received increasing attention in architectural acoustics over the past quarter century.  The term diffuse refers to non-specular directions.  This paper identifies three mechanisms that cause diffuse reflections.  Practitioners have found that changing specular reflections into diffuse reflections can reduce noise and echoes both indoors and outdoors.  Developers of acoustical modeling software have also found that modeling diffuse in additional to specular reflections produces more accurate predictions.  The final portion of this paper presents results for a study of scattering coefficients in acoustical modeling software.

Effects Of Noise On Productivity: Does Performance Decrease Over Time?, Jessica Errett, Erica Eileen Bowden, Marc Choiniere, Lily M. Wang

Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction: Faculty Publications

Most people at one time or another have found themselves irritated or distracted by the background noise in a building.  The irritation might have resulted in minor aggravation or may have been dramatic enough to hinder their work.  This leads us to ask whether occupants are increasingly aggravated by noise the longer they are exposed to it, or if they naturally habituate to their acoustic environment.  In an effort to answer this question, a study was completed in the “Indoor Environment Lab” at the University of Nebraska.  This lab resembles a typical office and was specially constructed to be acoustically …

Appropriate Characterization Of Background Noise Levels In The Workplace, Erica E. Bowden, Lily M. Wang

Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction: Faculty Publications

Overall loudness is not the only quality of indoor background noise that affects occupants.  The distribution of noise across frequency (pitch), whether or not the noise contains tones, and whether or not the noise changes over time must also be considered.  There are several indoor noise criteria systems available to quantify the background noise in rooms, but many of them do not account for these factors.  These systems are commonly used by architects and engineers, and often incorporated into manufacturer’s data, design guides, and standards.  There is much debate over which of the criteria systems best reflect how occupants will …

Effect Of Seeding Materials And Mixing Strength On Struvite Precipitation, Jun Wang, Joel Gerard Burken, Xiaoqi Zhang

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Struvite Precipitation Has Increasing Interest as a Technology for Removing and Recovering Phosphorus from Wastewater Streams. Many Chemical Factors Have Been Studied, Such as Optimum PH Values and Component-Ion Molar Ratios, Yet, Understanding of Physical Aspects is Lacking. Two Physical Parameters Were Tested: (1) Seeding Material Addition and (2) Mixing. Objectives Were to Evaluate Three Seeding Materials and to Optimize Mixing Conditions for Struvite-Crystal Precipitation, Growth, and Subsequent Sedimentation. Results Confirm that Mixing Strength and Proper Seeding Materials Increase Crystal Size and Improve Settleability. for Unseeded Solutions, Optimum Phosphorus Removal Was Achieved at a Mixing Strength of G = 76 …

Numerical Simulations Of The Interaction Of Internal Waves With A Shelf Break, S. K. Venayagamoorthy, O. B. Fringer

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The energetics of the interaction of internal gravity waves with a shelf break is investigated by means of high-resolution two-dimensional numerical simulations, with an emphasis on understanding the partitioning of the internal wave energy over the course of the interaction process and the subsequent dynamics of the onshore propagating internal waves. Some of the energy is dissipated as a result of the instabilities associated with breaking, while the remaining energy is either reflected back away from or transmitted onto the shelf. We employ an analysis of the distribution of the energy flux across the shelf break taking into account the …

Cost-Effective, Structural Stay-In-Place Formwork System Of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer For Accelerated And Durable Bridge Deck Construction, Thomas E. Ringelstetter, Lawrence C. Bank, Michael G. Oliva, Jeffrey S. Russell, Fabio Matta, Antonio Nanni

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper describes research on the evolution of a cost-effective, structural stay-in-place (SIP) formwork bridge deck system with an integrated modular three-dimensional fiber-reinforced polymer (FRF) reinforcement cage. Recent research conducted at the University of Wisconsin is reviewed to show the evolution of the reinforcing system to include an integral FRP SIP form. the evolution occurred through laboratory testing, which was followed by the design and construction of two bridge structures owned by the State of Wisconsin. Each structure used different FRP reinforcement and formwork. These projects pointed out the need for a competitive SIP formwork to be used in conjunction …

Ubc 97 And Aci 318-02 Code Comparison - Summary Report, Chukwuma Ekwueme, John Lawson, Mehran Pourzanjani, James S. Lai, Bob Lyon

Architectural Engineering

Introduction

Recognizing there have been questions on the differences between the alternate slender wall design procedures in 1997 UBC and in ACI 318-02, the SEAOSC Board authorized a Task Group to provide a comprehensive review of the two design procedures. The ACI procedure was adopted by IBC 2000 and subsequent code editions. As quoted in ACI 318R-02 Commentary Section R14.8, Section 14.8 is based on the corresponding requirements in the UBC and experimental research of the Test Report by SCCACI-SEAOSC.

This summary report includes review of source documents, code comparison, and background of the design provisions under UBC and under …

"Tilt-Up Building" And "Tilt-Up Wall Panel With Openings", John W. Lawson

Architectural Engineering

No abstract provided.

Ua3/9/2 L.T. Smith Stadium File, Wku President's Office

WKU Administration Documents

Correspondence between Heery International and Annie Angueira regarding architectural plans for L.T. Smith Stadium which are included.

Construct Ireland - Lime-Hemp - A Potential Solution To A Concrete Problem, Joseph Little

Articles

This article is intended to act as an exploration and provocation. Why do we build the way we do, what effect does that have? Could we for instance, design and specify buildings that actually benefit the Environment rather than burden and pollute it as currently. Is it possible that the construction of a house could absorb CO₂ thereby transforming new housing estates or apartment buildings into giant absorbers of carbon dioxide? Imagine Ireland being able to count commercial constructions or new housing among its ‘carbon sinks’, in place of Siberian forests or the carbon credits that the Government will …

The Effects Of Simple Coupled Volume Geometry On The Objective And Subjective Results From Nonexponential Decay, David T. Bradley, Lily M. Wang

Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction: Faculty Publications

This project focuses on the individual and interactive acoustic effects of three architectural parameters on the double slope profile from a simple coupled volume system created in the computer modeling program ODEON.  The three variables studied are the volume ratio between the main and secondary spaces, the absorption ratio between the two spaces, and aperture size.  The resulting energy decay profiles are analyzed using T₃₀/T₁₅ Coupling Coefficient ratios and Bayesian analysis.  Coupling Coefficient results show general trends in the effects of the three architectural parameters that match previous research results and the predominant interactive effect between …

Nonhydrostatic And Nonlinear Contributions To The Energy Flux Budget In Nonlinear Internal Waves, S. K. Venayagamoorthy, O. B. Fringer

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

We use high-resolution two-dimensional simulations to model the generation, and evolution of nonlinear internal waves formed as a result of the interaction of a first-mode internal wave field with idealized slopes. The derivation of the energy equation and the energy flux terms are presented. By employing an analysis of the distribution of the energy flux across the shelf break, we quantify the contributions to the energy flux budget from nonhydrostatic as well as nonlinear effects in comparison to the contribution from the baroclinic pressure anomaly term used widely for linear internal waves. Our results show that the contributions to the …

Revised Asce Specification For The Design Of Cold-Formed Stainless Steel Structural Members, Shin Hua Lin, Wei Wen Yu, Theodore V. Galambos, Edward Wang

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Since the publication of the first edition of the AISI specification for the design of light gage cold-formed stainless steel structural members in 1968 [Specification for the design of light gage cold-formed stainless steel structural members. 1968 ed. American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI); 1968], cold-formed stainless-steel members have been increasingly used in building construction and other structural applications due to their superior corrosion resistance, ease of maintenance, pleasing appearance, and high strength. in 1990, the first ASCE standard, ANSI/ASCE-8-90 [Specification for the design of cold-formed stainless steel structural members (ANSI/ASCE 8-90). American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE); 1991], was …

Teaching Pedagogy 101, Ronald W. Welch, Allen C. Estes

Architectural Engineering

What are the basics to consider in becoming an effective teacher? So you are a new faculty member just assigned a course and a textbook. Your only teaching experience is as a TA filling in for your traveling professor while teaching directly from your personal course notes taken when you took the course. Sound familiar? Where do you go? Who do you call? How do you quickly prepare yourself to be an effective teacher? Or maybe you have a few years of teaching experience and want to improve your performance as a teacher. Where do you start in preparing the …

Damage Localization In Ambient Vibration By Constructing Proportional Flexibility Matrix, Zhongdong Duan, Guirong Yan, Jinping Ou, B. F. Spencer

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Damage Localization Approaches based on Changes of Flexibilities Constitute an Important Technique for Damage Detection. However, the Unavailability of Flexibility Matrix with Output-Only Data Makes Flexibility-Based Approaches Not Really Applicable in the Very Important Cases of Ambient Vibrations. an Algorithm is Presented to Construct a Proportional Flexibility Matrix (PFM) from a Set of Arbitrarily Scaled Tested Modal Shapes and Modal Frequencies. the Constructed PFM is Just within a Scalar Multiplier to the Real Flexibility Matrix, and the Scalar Multiplier is Theoretically the First Modal Mass, Which is Undetermined Before the Mode is Properly Scaled. Instead of Real Flexibilities, the PFMs …

Load Rating Versus Reliability Analysis, Allen C. Estes, Dan M. Frangopol

Architectural Engineering

The most common approach to assess the safety of a bridge is load rating. However, this approach cannot quantify the bridge safety in probabilistic terms or fully quantify the structural risk to the bridge. Reliability methods have become an increasingly popular and gradually accepted approach to assess the safety of structures. These methods account for the randomness and correlation of all relevant variables and failure modes in the analysis. This study performs both a load rating analysis and a reliability analysis on the same highway bridge, compares the results, and discusses the strengths and limitations of each approach.

Fume Hood Exhaust Stack System, Mingsheng Liu

Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction: Faculty Publications

A fume hood exhaust stack system (10) and method utilize a variable speed fan (24) and an exhaust stack (28) having an adjustable cross-sectional area. Toxic exhaust from one or more fume hoods (12) is conveyed through a header (16) to the fan. The fan forces the exhaust through the exhaust stack, and the exhaust is then discharged into the atmosphere at a sufficient velocity and momentum to ensure that the exhaust reaches an environmentally sound altitude. A variable speed drive (36), programmable controller (34), flow signals (26), and static pressure and total pressure signals (20) are utilized to modulate …

Project-Based Independent Study Capstone Course, Ronald W. Welch, Allen C. Estes

Architectural Engineering

This paper describes a unique project-based course used successful by the ABET-Accredited Civil Engineering Program at the United States Military Academy (USMA) to greatly enhance the academic program. The three general project classifications available within this senior course are service-based (i.e., USMA, the Army, local community, etc.), competition-based (i.e., steel bridge, concrete canoe, timber bridge, Big Beam), and research-based. The exceptional student work provided at little to no cost to the client has opened up a ground swell of service and research projects now constantly offered to the program coordinator by prospective clients. We believe these independent study projects are …

Lessons Learned From Failures Of The Building Envelope In Windstorms, Joseph E. Minor

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Lessons learned from failures of the building envelope in windstorms are encapsulated in three principal findings. the building envelope is crucial to the performance of buildings in windstorms. Windborne debris is decisive in shaping the performance of the building envelope. Design attention should be given to postimpact behavior of building-envelope systems. Reviews of damage documentation, insurance records, and computer simulations of building failures establish the importance of the building envelope to satisfactory building performance. These reviews also establish the decisive role of windborne debris in causing damage. the imperative for considering the postimpact behavior of building envelope systems is discussed, …

Habitat Trails . . . A Manual For Affordable Green Neighborhood Development, Community Design Center

Community Design Center Project Reports

Habitat Trails is a green affordable neighborhood development consisting of 17 Habitat for Humanity homes. The site is designed as a sponge to work in accord with existing hydrological drainage, catchment, and recharge patterns. Stormwater runoff is retained and treated through a contiguous network of bioswales, infiltration trenches, stormwater gardens, sediment filter strips, and a constructed wet meadow. The integration of a treatment landscape with open space substitutes an ecologically-based stormwater management system for the expensive curb-gutter-pipe solution in civil infrastructure.

Questioning The Philosophical Influence Of Beauty And Perception In Bramante's Fist Scheme For St Peter's, Gretta Tritch

Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal

The association between the architects of the Renaissance and the philosophy of Plato has long been upheld and reiterated. However recent authors such as Alina Payne and Christine Smith have shown this scholarship to be somewhat limited and reactionary. A closer examination of Donato Bramante’s early scheme for the design of the new St. Peter’s basilica demonstrates such limitations of the singular Platonic associations that have been previously made. By studying the philosophical influences that Bramante may have been exposed to throughout his education and early career, a decidedly Aristotelian influence emerges. The design for St. Peter’s, as presented on …

Construct Ireland - Partial Fill Cavity Walls, Joseph Little

Articles

An examination of whether it still deserves its best practice status in the Irish Construction Industry in light of higher U-Values, construction practices, recent research and cultural pressures.