Architectural Engineering Commons^™

Liquefaction Behavior Of Mississippi River Silts, Ali M. Izadi, Ronaldo Luna, Richard Wesley Stephenson

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Civil Infrastructure Built on Alluviums and Recent Deposits, Such as Dams, Contain Significant Amount of Silts. the Static and Dynamic Behavior of These Fine-Grained Soils Has Been Investigated Less Than the Clay-Like or Sand-Like Soils. Low Plasticity Silts (PI = 6) Obtained East of St. Louis in Illinois Are Known as Loess that Has Been Re-Deposited by Water in the Floodplains of the Mississippi River. These Silts Were Reconstituted in the Laboratory by Slurry at Water Content above the Liquid Limit and Then Consolidated to an Initial Effective Stress. the Initial Laboratory Characterization under Monotonic Loading Included a Series of …

An Overview On Sustainability In Higher Education In The World For Starting In Malaysia, Omidreza Saadatian

No abstract provided.

Non-Uniform Assemblage: Mass Customization In Digital Fabrication, Phillip Anzalone, Joseph Vidich, Joshua Draper

Publications and Research

This paper focuses on the development of parametric detailing, mass customization in CNC fabrication and its computational and handcrafted realizations in actualized built work. The projects studied are examples of student and faculty applied research work at Columbia University’s Graduate School of Architecture that engage parametric design strategies to integrate digital fabrication processes with manual assembly procedures, including prefabricated components and assemblies. The presented case studies include the design, fabrication and assembly of two full-scale pavilion projects.

Tilt-Up Buildings, John W. Lawson

Architectural Engineering

No abstract provided.

Life-Cycle Cost Design Of Deteriorating Structure, Dan M. Frangopol, Kai-Yung Lin, Allen C. Estes

Allen C. Estes

A lifetime optimization methodology for planning the inspection and repair of structures that deteriorate over time is introduced and illustrated through numerical examples. The optimization is based on minimizing the expected total life-cycle cost while maintaining an allowable lifetime reliability for the structure. This method incorporates: (a) the quality of inspection techniques with different detection capabilities; (b) all repair possibilities based on an event tree; (c) the effects of aging, deterioration, and subsequent repair on structural reliability; and (d) the time value of money. The overall cost to be minimized includes the initial cost and the costs of preventive maintenance, …

Subjective Impression Of Discomfort Glare From Sources Of Non-Uniform Luminance, Michelle L. Eble-Hankins

Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction: Dissertations, Thesis, and Student Research

The intent of this study was to further investigate the effects of spatial frequency and position on discomfort glare. Most of the discomfort research in the past has used sources of uniform luminance, so not much is known about how non-uniformity affects the perception of glare. An apparatus was designed and built specifically for this study, but it was also designed to have significant flexibility for future work. Two different experiments were performed with this apparatus: a paired comparison experiment; and, a rating scale experiment. For both experiments, 6 levels of spatial frequency and 4 levels of position were studied. …

In Transit - Transition Movement Inspires Dramatic Carbon Cuts In House Refurb, Joseph Little

Articles

Drawing on the ‘Energy Descent Action Plan’ he developed at Kinsale, Rob Hopkins and his team launched Transition Town Totnes (in the UK) one and a half years ago. 64 recognised transition communities and 600 other groups (and counting) are now in communication with Rob’s team to launch their versions of this initiative in their communities worldwide.¹ The Transition Ireland Network is coordinated by Davie Philip of Cultivate and several transition initiatives are underway here.

Implications Of Human Performance And Perception Under Tonal Noise Conditions On Indoor Noise Criteria, Lily M. Wang, Erica E. Ryherd

Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction: Faculty Publications

This research investigated differences in task performance and perception under six non-time-varying ventilation-type background noise spectra with differing tonality. The results were related to five indoor noise criteria systems: Noise Criteria (NC), Balanced Noise Criteria (NCB), Room Criteria (RC), Room Criteria Mark II (RC-Mark II), and the A-weighted equivalent sound pressure level (L_Aeq). These criteria systems are commonly used in the U.S. building industry, but concerns exist over whether they are appropriate for all noise situations. Thirty test subjects completed three types of performance tasks (typing, reasoning, and math) and answered questions about their perception of the indoor …

Fresh Self Compacting Concrete, A Shear Thickening Material, Dimitri Feys, Ronny Verhoeven, Geert De Schutter

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In Literature, the Rheological Properties of Concrete Have Been Investigated Thoroughly, resulting in a Simple Description, in Steady State, by Means of the Bingham Model. Self-Compacting Concrete Shows a Lower Yield Stress, Which in Some Cases is Very Close to Zero, or Can Even Appear to Be Negative When Extrapolating the Bingham Model. in the Latter Case, the Bingham Model is Not Valid and Other Solutions Must Be Found. in This Paper, the Non-Linearity - or Shear Thickening - in the Rheological Behavior of Fresh SCC is Described with the Modified Bingham Model, after the Elimination of Possible Measurement Artefacts. …

Predicting The Seismic Behavior Of The Dywidag Ductile Connector (Ddc) Precast Concrete System, Elizabeth Mary Kenyon

Master's Theses

Structural engineering is heavily dependent on the use of computers. When creating a building model using structural analysis software, it is required that the designer have an understanding of the system behavior and the modeling program capabilities.

Some engineers in the Southern California region are taking steps towards incorporating the Dywidag ductile connector (DDC) and super hybrid systems into building practice due to the advantages found in these systems’ construction methods and seismic performance.

As the DDC and super hybrid systems reach industry, the design engineer will need to model these systems using structural analysis programs. This report describes two …

Four Research Projects, One “Green” Theme, Edmond P. Saliklis

Architectural Engineering

The purpose of this paper is to suggest ways that faculty can motivate students to do research through the timely and important issue of sustainable or “green” materials in architectural engineering. This paper will briefly describe four research projects undertaken by seniors in our architectural engineering department. Following these descriptions will be a series of pros and cons that the author has detected while mentoring these projects. Suggestions for best practices will then be presented as well as a discussion of how we assessed these projects. Finally, one of the research projects will be highlighted, with the goal of demonstrating …

Arch Building For Kids: What Did They Learn? What Did We Learn?, Edmond P. Saliklis

Architectural Engineering

This paper will describe a teaching module that several senior architectural engineering students developed as their senior project. The teaching module targeted 5th or 6th grade students with the goal of creating an engineering outreach program that demonstrated a structural mechanics concept in a fun and interesting manner. The purpose of this paper is to describe the rationale behind the teaching module, and to document the changes we made to the module as we assessed its impact over several trial runs.

Exceed Teaching Workshop: Tenth Year Anniversary, Allen Estes, Ronald Welch, Stephen J. Ressler, Norman Dennis, Debra Larson, Carol Considine, Tonya Nilsson, Jim O'Brien, Thomas A. Lenox

Architectural Engineering

In response to the need for faculty training, the American Society of Civil Engineers developed and funded the ExCEEd (Excellence in Civil Engineering Education) Teaching Workshop that is today – the summer of 2008 – celebrating its tenth year of existence. For the past decade, nineteen ExCEEd Teaching Workshops (ETW) have been held at the United States Military Academy, the University of Arkansas, and Northern Arizona University, with two more workshops scheduled for this summer for a total of 21 offerings. ETW has realized 449 graduates from 203 different U.S. and international colleges and universities. This paper summarizes the content …

Researchers And Practitioners: A Dual Track Path To Tenure That Works, Allen Estes, Brent Nuttall, Cole C. Mcdaniel

Architectural Engineering

The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) has published the Civil Engineering Body of Knowledge (BOK) for the 21st Century and has produced a draft version of the follow-on BOK II, both which attempt to define the knowledge, skills and attitudes required of a civil engineer. A section of that document addresses who should teach this body of knowledge. It concludes that civil engineering faculty must be scholars, effective teachers, practitioners, and role models. In most universities, practitioners are included on the faculty as adjunct professors. They are paid less and are not viewed as full-fledged partners. The Architectural Engineering …

Frame It - Thoughts On Education, Reducing Carbon And Vapour, Joseph Little, Robbie Cousins

Articles

Joseph Little believes timber frame can be the backbone of a new generation of low-carbon, energy-efficient housing, and be used as an intelligent response to Climate Change and fuel prices. But he tells Robbie Cousins that timber frame manufacturers, suppliers and architects need to gear-up and work more closely together if the true potential of this vision is to be realised.

Joseph Little’s chief bugbear is poor construction standards & details on site and the core of this issue is how the knowledge set of architects and builders and how standards are controlled. The seeds of this idea may have …

Brunswick Me: De-Militarizing The Bnas, Anne Holland, Brett Richardson, Richard Barringer

Planning

Closure of the Brunswick Naval Air Station in 2011 will have profound economic impacts on the entire mid-coast Maine region of Maine, with an estimated loss of 6,500 jobs and $330 million annual income. Throughout the Base Realignment and Closure process, Brunswick, the region, and the State of Maine followed federal rules and developed the federally-funded Brunswick Local Redevelopment Authority (BLRA) to plan for reuse of the 3300 acre base. In its planning process, the BLRA adhered to a number of well thought-out Guiding Principles, including the use of extensive public participation and the consideration of “smart growth” principles and …

Measurement And Analysis Of Vitiation Of Secondary Air In Air Distribution Systems (Rp-1276), David P. Yuill, Grenville K. Yuill, Andrew H. Coward

David Yuill

Simplicity, Scale, And Surprise: Evaluating Structural Form, Edmond P. Saliklis, Michael Bauer, David P. Billington

Architectural Engineering

Aesthetic and ethical issues of building design are presented here to encourage meaningful discussion among today’s architectural engineering students and practitioners. The evaluative aesthetic ideas of scale, simplicity, and surprise are applied to two important structures designed by Fazlur R. Khan. Khan’s profound understanding of load flow in his buildings influenced his aesthetic ideas. Furthermore, his aesthetic ideas were intimately intertwined with his ethical ideas about structural logic and the role of structure in architecture. We explore these ideas and present new insights as well. Our goal is to encourage a public discourse within our profession on the topic of …

Porchscapes: Between Neighborhood Watershed And Home, Community Design Center

Project Reports

Located on the Ozark Plateau, this 43-unit housing development is a LEED-ND (Neighborhood Development) pilot project to be built for $60/sf plus $2.3 million in infrastructure costs. The studio objective is to design a demonstration project that combines affordability with best environmental practices as designated by the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC). Porchscapes is a pioneering Low Impact Development (LID) project funded under the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Section 319 Program for Nonpoint Source Pollution. LID manages stormwater runoff through ecological engineering technologies. A contiguous network of rainwater gardens, bioswales, infiltration trenches, sediment filter strips, green streets, and wet meadows …

Proposal For Using A Studio Format To Enhance Institutional Advancement, Shannon Chance

Articles

Universities today need to become quicker on their toes. They must continually scan the environment and seize emerging opportunities – and institutional advancement must lead this effort. An unfortunate number of institutional advancement operations are ill equipped for the task at hand. Many suffer from high staff turnover and overly hierarchical systems that refl ect excessive fragmentation and compartmentalization. They inadvertently perpetuate stifl ing and unnecessary bureaucracy. Organizing advancement efforts around the metaphor of the design studio or creative workshop promises to (a) pool talent, (b) cultivate collaboration, and (c) align diverse but related interests in order to promote fruitful …

Tilt-Up Building Seismic Design - Precast Or Cast-In Place?, Joe Steinbicker, John Lawson

Architectural Engineering

Tilt-up buildings have been successfully designed and constructed throughout the United States for over fifty years. Today, the tiltup method of construction is used extensively to build all types of buildings, currently at a rate of 300,000,000 square feet of tilt-up concrete panels constructed in the United States each year. Recently, with the adoption of the 2006 edition of the International Building Code (IBC) in conjunction with the ASCE 7-05 Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures , there has developed some confusion over what building type should tilt-up construction be classified for the purposes of seismic design – …

Extension Of The Poiseuille Formula For Shear-Thickening Materials And Application To Self-Compacting Concrete, Dimitri Feys, Ronny Verhoeven, Geert De Schutter

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In Practice, While Placing Concrete in a Formwork by Pumping, the Pressure Generated by the Pump is Not Controlled. in Order to Enhance the Safety on the Worksite, and in View of the Current Economic and Ecologic Arguments, It Would Be Useful to Dispose of an Equation Able to Predict Pressure Losses based on the Rheological Properties of the Concrete and the Pipe Configuration. This Paper Describes the Derivation of an Extended Version of the Poiseuille Formula, for Shear-Thickening Materials with a Yields Stress, Described by the Modified Bingham Equation. This Formula is Applied to Flow-Tests with Self-Compacting Concrete. the …

Demand-Based Optimal Control To Save Energy: A Case-Study In A Medical Center, Ik-Seong Joo, Li Song, Mingsheng Liu, Mike Carico

Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction: Faculty Publications

Continuous Commissioning^® (CC^®) strategies include reducing simultaneous heating and cooling, scheduling the facility’s occupancy needs, utilizing free cooling, and minimizing excessive supply air and outside air. Most significantly, this demandbased control energy conservation strategy can facilitate mechanical system performance at near optimal conditions through the gradual advancement of control systems and the ability of upstream systems reading the status of downstream systems.

This paper demonstrates demand-based temperature, pressure and economizer control by the mathematical optimization methodology illustrated by a case-study, implemented with actual systems in a 1.2 million square foot medical center. Based on the optimization results, …

Optimal Control In Three-Deck Multi-Zone Air-Handling Units: A Case-Study, Ik-Seong Joo, Li Song, Mingsheng Liu, Barry Douglas

Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction: Faculty Publications

A multi-zone air-handling unit was popular several decades ago due to the convenience of small sized modular units, which were inexpensive to install and easily maintained in a mechanical room. The cost and convenience proved to be of little benefit as the units perform poorly from an energy usage perspective. A “three-deck” multi-zone unit is a hybrid of its kind, and it can be very efficient when controlled properly. In theory, there will not be simultaneous heating and cooling if its heating damper is controlled separately from the control of the cooling damper. When the zone load is neutral (not …

Evaluation Of A Virtual Refrigerant Charge Sensor, Woohyun Kim, James E. Braun, Haorong Li

Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction: Faculty Publications

This paper presents a thorough evaluation of a method for determining refrigerant charge that employs low-cost, non-invasive measurements (i.e., surface mounted temperature measurements). The method could be used as part of a protocol for verified service providers (VSPs) in AC diagnostic tune-up or refrigerant charge, air flow (RCA) verification programs. Ultimately, the method could be embedded within a portable virtual refrigerant charge gauge for a technician’s use or permanently installed on the AC unit. The accuracy of the virtual refrigerant charge sensor method is evaluated in this paper using laboratory data for a number of different systems and over a …

Ua1c2/10 Cedar House Photo Collection, Wku Archives

WKU Archives Collection Inventories

Images of the Cedar House also known as the Faculty House.