Architectural Engineering Commons^™

Mechanical Connection For Concrete Structures, George Morcous, Raed Tawadrous

Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction: Faculty Publications

A system and method for connecting precast concrete structures includes anchoring a sleeve within a pocket formed in one of the concrete structures , and placing the concrete structures in contact with one another such that the pocket is diposed around a protruding end of a shear connector embedded in the other concrete structure . A bridge is inserted around the protruding end of the shear connector and a fastener is installed onto the protruding end of the shear connector to engage the bridge and urge the bridge in abutting relation with a lip of the sleeve . The pocket …

Forensic Investigation Of Building Failure – The Harbour Cay Condominium Disaster, John Airis

Publications and Research

When a building suffers collapse, the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is tasked with conducting an investigation into the cause. Often OSHA will request technical assistance from the National Institute for Standards and Technology to assist in the forensic technical aspects determining a most probable cause. This forensic effort entails many actions. The Harbour Cay Condominium disaster occurred on March 28, 1981 in Cocoa Beach, Florida. It was a total collapse of a five story reinforced concrete structure during the last stage of roof construction, resulting in 11 deaths and 24 injuries. The investigation report revealed structural design …

The Bridge Newsletter Winter 2019, Missouri University Of Science And Technology

The Bridge Newsletter

-Dehghani joins S&T
-Life after death of solar panels
-Civil engineering senior studies in Hong Kong
-Planning for future climate changes in the Artic

Succulent Pavilion, Abigail King

Architectural Engineering

No abstract provided.

Evaluating Prescriptive Design Requirements Through The Lens Of Low-Income Housing In Huntington, West Virginia, David H. Hsu

Architectural Engineering

Journeyman International is a non-profit organization that pairs graduating seniors in the fields of architecture, architectural engineering, and construction management with professional mentors to provide practical services for humanitarian projects that seek their aid. The particular project of interest is economical housing for Habitat for Humanity in Huntington (West Virginia). The project aims to provide structural calculations and drawings for three different building layouts which the client would be able to submit as construction documents to the local authority having jurisdiction. This report includes the background of the project, the organizations involved, challenges faced by the sole architectural engineering student …

Wine History Project Moving Pavilion, Rachel A. Jakel

Architectural Engineering

Two potential projects presented to the Wine History Project as a moving pavilion for their exhibits.

Wine History Pavilion: Flow, Isaac J. Cameron

Architectural Engineering

The Wine History Pavilion has been designed using Integrated Project Delivery, a delivery approach that has been gaining popularity that involves the participation of multiple disciplines at every stage of design. For this group, that entails the participation of students from the departments of Architecture, Architectural Engineering, and Construction Management working in tandem to handle every facet of the design.

The goal of this project is to design a pavilion for the Wine History Project, who needed a display space to house a variety of exhibits showcasing artifacts relevant to the history of wine. The pavilion will originally be installed …

Wine History Project Pavilion: Primitivo Edition, Erick A. Vazquez

Architectural Engineering

The pavilion is located on Saucelito Canyon Winery’s site. This project seeks to attract and enlighten guests as they experience both the pavilion and the Wine History showcase. The space provided intends to enhance the guest’s overall experience during their stay at the Saucelito Canyon Winery. This is achieved through first attracting guests to the pavilion through visual appeal of the pavilion and secondly, enlightening the guests about the history of winery through a laid out program provided by the Wine History Project.

Stuck Outdoor Air Damper Faults In Rooftop Units Having Air Economizers: Economic Impact, Fault Symptoms, And Fault Detection And Diagnostics Using Cellular Data Loggers (Cello), Moh'd-Eslam Dahdolan

Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Air economizers are widely used in building air conditioning systems. The purpose of using them is to reduce needed mechanical cooling by properly introducing outdoor air to the space when its temperature is low enough without compromising space ventilation. It is common that air economizer experience malfunction and faulty performance, causing energy savings to be lost, furthermore, energy penalty occur.

This thesis discusses the impacts stuck outdoor air dampers have on the value and performance of air economizers used in air handling units (AHU) and rooftop units (RTU). The study used multiple EnergyPlus simulations of a small office building model …

Interdisciplinary Studio Pavilion [Isp] 2019, Alex Beaubien

Construction Management

The Interdisciplinary Studio Pavilion 2019 was designed for students within architecture, architectural engineering, and construction management to be placed into eight interdisciplinary teams and design a pavilion that reflected the narrative for the Wine History Project of San Luis Obispo (the “WHP). Its curricula emphasized aesthetics; fabrication methods and techniques; ease of assembly, reassembly and transportability; and function. Deliverables for each team's structure focused on these curricula that required numerous design refinements and construction feasibility studies. This required each team member to contribute their respective knowledge about architecture, structural engineering, and construction to create a pavilion that fulfilled WHP’s goals. …

Interdisciplinary Studio Pavilion [Isp] 2019, Albert J. Gutierrez

Construction Management

Historically Cal Poly’s motto has been ‘Learn by Doing’ and the College of Architecture and Environmental Design (CAED) is one of the leading examples of this. Many students gain valuable hands-on and real-world experience through collaborative projects and assignments. Through this learn by doing philosophy and collaborative learning approach Cal Poly construction management, architecture and architectural engineering students worked together in 8 separate studio teams to design and construct a portable pavilion for the Wine History Project of San Luis Obispo County. Acting as a client they requested that we design a portable pavilion space that will be used to …

Effects Of Co2 Curing On Alkali-Activated Slag Paste Cured In Different Curing Conditions, Yubin Jun, Seong Ho Han, Tae Yong Shin, Jae Hong Kim

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The effect of CO₂ curing on alkali-activated slag paste activated by a mixture of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate solutions is reported in this paper. The paste samples after demolding were cured in three different curing environments as follows: (1) environmental chamber maintained at 85% relative humidity (RH) and 25 °C; (2) 3-bar CO₂ pressure vessel; and (3) CO₂ chamber maintained at 20% CO₂ concentration, 70% RH and 25 °C. The hardened samples were then subjected to compressive strength measurement, X-ray diffraction analysis, and thermogravimetry. All curing conditions used in this study were beneficial for the …

An Investigation Into Current Procurement Strategies That Promote Collaboration Through Early Contractor Involvement With Regards To Their Suitability For Irish Public Work Projects, Barry Mcauley, Frederic Lefebvre

Conference papers

Previous research has established that multi-disciplinary collaboration will benefit a construction project throughout its lifecycle. While Lean Construction, Building Information Modelling (BIM), and Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) can all be viewed as separate processes which add independent value to a project, they are more effective when used in partnership with each other. In order to ensure the high levels of collaboration expected for these processes to work in unison, the early involvement of the Contractor is paramount. Early contractor involvement within the design process can ensure a more focused integrated project team, improvement of both constructability and cost certainty, as …

Centres Of Excellence And Roadmaps For Digital Transition: Lessons For Ireland’S Construction Industry, Barry Mcauley, Alan Hore, Roger West

Conference papers

Like most sectors in today’s working world, construction businesses are challenged to work in an increasingly digitised world with sophisticated demands from intelligent clients. So much has been written about the inefficiencies of the construction industry, its fragmentation, lack of collaboration, low margins, adversarial pricing, poor productivity, financial fragility, lack of research and development, poor industry image and relatively weak use of digital solutions. The Irish government recognises the importance of digital innovation to address many of the challenges the construction industry faces. With recent high profile reports of escalating spend on signature public sector projects and weak productivity performance …

Improving The Sustainability Of The Built Environment By Training Its Workforce In More Efficient And Greener Ways Of Designing And Constructing Through The Horizon2020 Bimcert Project, Barry Mcauley, Avril Behan

Conference papers

The construction industry consumes up to 50% of mineral resources excavated from nature, generates about 33% of CO2 present in the atmosphere and is responsible for 40% of total global energy through both construction and operation of buildings. The realisation that current pervasive construction practices now face globalization, sustainability, and environmental concerns, as well as ever-changing legislation requirements and new skills needed for the information age has resulted in technologies such as Building Information Modelling (BIM) becoming a key enabler in navigating these barriers. To assist in overcoming these barriers, a number of funding initiatives have been put in place …

From Roadmap To Implementation: Lessons For Ireland’S Digital Construction Programme, Barry Mcauley, Alan Hore, Roger West

Conference papers

As part of their Future of Construction initiative in 2018 the World Economic Forum published an action plan to accelerate Building Information Modelling adoption. The WEF report highlighted actions that companies, industry organisations and governments are advised to implement to accelerate BIM adoption and better capitalise on delivering better project outcomes. According the authors of the report BIM is seen as the centrepiece of the construction industry’s digital transformation, however they acknowledged that BIM adoption globally remain slow. Anecdotal experience would suggest that BIM usage in Ireland is also very low and that a similar initiative or an adaptation of …

Bim In Ireland 2019: A Study Of Bim Maturity And Diffusion In Ireland, Barry Mcauley, Alan Hore, Roger West

Conference papers

In 2017, the BIM Innovation Capability Programme team applied five macro BIM maturity conceptual models to capture the capability of the Irish construction industry and assess its BIM maturity. The results found that while Ireland is mature for modelling processes, it is less developed with regards to collaboration processes and policies. Ireland also ranked poorly when it came to regulatory frameworks, measurements and benchmarks compared to a number of countries which also applied the same conceptual models. At the time, the findings highlighted that Ireland’s diffusion dynamic was middle out, meaning that larger organisations or industry associations were pushing the …

Competence Of A Spray Passive Down-Draft Evaporative Cooling (Pdec) System For Space Cooling, Daeho Kang, Richard K. Strand

Publications and Research

A spray PDEC system has been relatively less considered than other passive cooling strategies as one of the viable low-energy solutions in the cooling of buildings while having a great potential in energy savings. This study is intended to evaluate the capability of a spray PDEC system for space cooling. It comprises four simulation scenarios to see the system response and influence of indoor thermal environment when a spray PDEC system is adopted as a primary cooling system in two different climates. The simulation results show that a spray PDEC system causes a substantial variation in the indoor thermal environment …

Quantification Of Heat Flows Through Building Entrance Doors On A Winter Day, Daeho Kang

Publications and Research

The current methods for the prediction of the heat flow through building entrance doors have been used for years while involved with a certain degree of uncertainty. This paper describes an experimental method that accurately quantified such heat flow. The experiment monitored local environmental parameters in a college building on a cold winter day. The results of the experiment demonstrated that the experimental method is viable to accurately estimate the heat flow throughout the entrance doors and the presence of a vestibule moderated heat losses from the conditioned area. The results will be used for validating the existing methods.

Interlocking Rocking Clt Shear Walls With Viscous Dampers, Sydney Gallion, Abby M. Lentz, John Lawson

Architectural Engineering

While the use of cross laminated timber (CLT) has become more common, the implementation of CLT as shear walls remains rare because there is no universally recognized response modification coefficient, R, currently adopted for base shear. In addition, CLT shear walls are relatively stiff as a seismic force resisting system and inelastic behavior of the system is often relegated to vulnerable connections. There is also an inherent issue with instability due to overturning in multi-story buildings due to transportation limitations on the size of CLT panels. Past research by others has successfully utilized post-tensioning to create self-centering rocking CLT …

Feasibility Of A Fiber Reinforced Polymer Retrofit For Non-Ductile Concrete Walls, Rory S. De Sevilla, Jerry Hue Truong Luong, Anahid A. Behrouzi, Peter T. Laursen, Mike J. Deigert

Architectural Engineering

A significant number of pre-1980’s non-ductile reinforced concrete (RC) structures in California have been identified as deficient, many of which utilize RC shear wall systems to resist earthquake lateral forces. These non-ductile wall systems are typically lightly reinforced and lack adequate boundary element detailing. Engineers suspect these walls to susceptible to brittle, compression-controlled failure modes due to damage from concrete crushing and bar buckling. As a result, one approach designers are taking is to seek fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) retrofit solutions that improve the compression capacity of high-stressed wall end zone regions based on effectiveness of these approaches with columns. …

Improving The Accuracy Of Wood Diaphragm Deflection Computations And Its Impact On Asce 41 Pseudo-Lateral Force Estimates, John Lawson

Architectural Engineering

Structures with flexible seismic resisting systems tend to develop less seismic forces than their stiffer counterparts. While it has been commonly known that taller buildings in general have longer periods that result in a reduced spectral response, the analysis of one-story buildings with large, wide horizontal flexible diaphragms supported by stiff shear walls are now recognized as having a similar response. This building type often referred to as rigid wall – flexible diaphragm (RWFD) is very common in warehousing and big-box retail occupancies. Estimating the diaphragm deflection has become more important recently, not only because diaphragm deflections are more frequently …

2017 Mexico City Earthquake: Analyses Of Reinforced Concrete Building Damage, Anisha Datta

Architectural Engineering

The main objectives of this research study was to organize and examine the information collected in the NSF RAPID and UNAM data sets from the 2017 Mexico Earthquake to: (i) study the damage patterns of the buildings impacted, (ii) observe how the unique characteristics of the soil regions effect building response, and (iii) provide an automated protocol using MATLAB and ArcGIS for effective analysis of large structural damage data sets collected after future earthquakes.

Same Polytechnic College: Structural Design Exploration, Emma Morley

Architectural Engineering

The Same Polytechnic College is a response to a lack of vocational training and higher learning opportunities for residents of Same, Tanzania and surrounding areas. The College will address the region’s need for skilled farmers, builders, teachers, and entrepreneurs by providing a pathway from secondary school graduation to continued education. This will generate a framework that strengthens the East African economy by supplying the region with educated professionals that make impactful contributions to society.

Construction will occur following a five-phase development plan, and the buildings will utilize simple but effective architectural techniques and modular structural design. These solutions are low-cost …

Daylight Illuminance In Classrooms Adjacent To Covered And Uncovered Courtyards Under The Clear Sky Of Najran City, Saudi Arabia, Abdultawab M. Qahtan

Emirates Journal for Engineering Research

Daylight penetrating the classrooms makes students efficient, improves overall health and increases energy efficiency. In the hot regions, the concept of courtyards in buildings is deeply linked to the architecture as a sustainable solution to daylight indoors without negatively affecting the building cooling loads in the summer. Najran University has existing courtyards in college buildings. Recently, the university covered the courtyards using PVC canvas. This study aims to investigate and compare the daylight illuminance in classrooms adjacent to covered and uncovered courtyards. A case study of four classrooms in the College of Engineering was investigated under the clear sky of …

Workforce Development Through Online Experiential Learning For Stem Education, Arefeh Mohammadi, Kevin Grosskopf, John Killingsworth

Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction: Faculty Publications

The U.S. workforce is increasingly comprised of older adults, women, and minorities who lack basic skills and are unable to acquire these skills through traditional educational and training programs. New approaches are needed to provide effective training to the adult learner and flexible support for nontraditional students who must balance work-life demands with limited educational opportunities. Contextualized teaching and learning (CTL) is a form of experiential learning that blends both basic skills and occupational training together in environments that allow students to relate subject matter to real-world situations. Virtual CTL environments can be created to better engage students, provide immediate …

Development Of A Framework To Support The Effective Adoption Of Bim In The Public Sector: Lessons For Ireland, Shiyao Kuang, Alan Hore, Barry Mcauley, Roger West

Conference papers

Building Information Modelling (BIM) has been formally adopted by many countries with the promise of creating greater economic, social and sustainability benefits. Several authors and institutions have presented alternative BIM policies and tactics which have been adopted by developed countries. However, there is evidence to indicate that BIM adoption theories are not well established and, in particular, the linkage between BIM public sector adoption strategy outcomes and their contribution to achieving Government policy objectives are underdeveloped. This paper will present the outcome of the first phase of a systematic literature review of published studies (including journal papers and noteworthy international …

Diversity, Inclusion And The Exceed Teaching Workshop, Allen C. Estes

Architectural Engineering

The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) Excellence in Civil Engineering Education (ExCEEd) Teaching Workshops are currently in their 20th year of existence and have been highly successful. There is a growing body of literature on creating a multi-cultural classroom that celebrates diversity, accounts for the global differences and experiences of students, and deliberately fosters inclusivity. This paper examines the content of the existing culturally inclusive literature and quantifies how much is already present in the current ETW curriculum. It then suggests how much more could be included if a deliberate effort is made to include diversity and inclusivity into …

Analysis Of The System Response Of A Spray Passive Downdraft Evaporative Cooling System, Daeho Kang, Richard K. Strand

Publications and Research

A spray Passive Downdraft Evaporative Cooling (PDEC) system achieves great savings for space cooling and improves indoor environmental quality by supplying a large amount of fresh outdoor air. As previous studies heavily focused on the energy saving capability of a spray PDEC system due to lack of methods for a detailed analysis, the influence of cool humid supply air from a spray PDEC system in a space in buildings has not been comprehensively studied. This study is intended to evaluate the competence of a spray PDEC system as a primary cooling system in typical spaces in a primary school building …

E-Learning Tools To Facilitate Instruction Of A Large Enrollment Structural Engineering Course, Maelle Van Thienen, James Boon Piang Lim, Anahid A. Behrouzi, Pablo Garcia, Wyatt Banker-Hix

Architectural Engineering

A significant challenge in teaching large civil engineering courses is engaging and providing feedback to students in a meaningful and timely manner. This paper presents a solution that uses e-learning tool Xorro-Q in the successful instruction of a Structures II course of 250+ second year students since 2016 at a research-intensive university in New Zealand.

During the course, Xorro-Q has been utilized as an online practice-based learning tool where students can repeat questions without penalty and automatically receive detailed instructor-developed feedback (diagrams, text, or link to website/video) in response to specific incorrect answers. Additionally, Xorro-Q permits a variety of questions …