Architectural Engineering Commons^™

Dynamic And Economic Design Of Rigid Retaining Wall, Y. Wu, Shamsher Prakash, V. K. Puri

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A 2-D model which accounts for the effect of coupled sliding and rocking motion and uses strain dependent soil stiffness and material damping for calculating the response of rigid retaining walls subjected to dynamic loads, was developed earlier. This model was used to study the effect inclination of the wall face in contact with the backfill, on its displacement under the effect of ground motions due to Northridge, ElCentro and Loma Prieta earthquakes. the effect of wall inclination on cumulative displacements is discussed and its role in achieving possible cost effectiveness in design of rigid retaining wall is highlighted. Copyright …

Collapse Assessment Of Degrading Mdof Structures Under Seismic Excitations, Mouchir Chenouda, Ashraf Salah Eldin Ayoub

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Seismic code provisions are now adopting performance-Based methodologies, where structures are designed to satisfy multiple performance objectives. Most codes rely on approximate methods to predict the desired seismic demand parameters. Most of these methods are based on simple SDOF models, and do not take into account neither MDOF nor degradation effects, which are major factors influencing structural behavior under earthquake excitations. More importantly, most of these models can not predict collapse explicitly under severe seismic loads. This study presents a newly developed model that incorporates degradation effects into seismic analysis of MDOF structures. a new energy-Based approach is used to …

Design Of Concrete Railing Reinforced With Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Bars, Fabio Matta, Antonio Nanni

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The use of Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) reinforcement is a practical alternative to conventional steel rebars in concrete structures subjected to aggressive environments. the solution is attractive for bridge deck and rail applications, as it eliminates corrosion of the steel reinforcement, which is the major instrument of degradation. Due to the peculiar physical and mechanical characteristics of advanced composite materials, the design philosophy of FRP reinforced concrete (RC) structures differs from that of traditional RC. This paper introduces a systematic approach adopted for the structural and functional design of an open-post bridge railing reinforced with Glass FRP bars (GFRP) as …

Softened Truss Model For Rc Torsional Members Under Combined Action, Gary Greene, Abdeldjelil Belarbi

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

Remote Health Monitoring Of The First Smart Bridge In Florida, Ebrahim Mehrani, Ashraf Salah Eldin Ayoub

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Monitoring of civil engineering structures is a new area that has gained significant attention recently and became a topic of extreme national interest. This area is being driven by the need to develop efficient condition assessment procedures for structural performance in response to societal and economic needs. the main goal of monitoring is to detect accurately and efficiently structural damage either due to long-term deterioration processes or due to extreme events (e.g. earthquakes, blasts). with the emergence of new technologies, structures can now be monitored remotely from a central monitoring station located several miles away from the field. Sensors are …

Lagrangian Mixing In Decaying Stably Stratified Turbulence, Subhas K. Venayagamoorthy, Derek D. Stretch

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Direct numerical simulations are used to study mixing and dispersion in decaying stably stratified turbulence from a Lagrangian perspective. The change in density of fluid particles owing to small-scale mixing is extracted from the simulations to provide insight into the mixing process. These changes are driven by temporally and spatially intermittent events that are strongly suppressed as the stratification increases and overturning motions disappear. This occurs for times Nt > 2π i.e. after one buoyancy period, where N is the buoyancy frequency. The role of small-scale mixing processes in the density (or buoyancy) flux is analyzed. After an initial transient, we …

Design Of Window Glass For Lateral Pressures, Joseph E. Minor, H. Scott Norville

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

ASTM Standard E 1300-04 ("Standard practice for determining load resistance of glass in buildings") outlines procedures for determining the strength of window glass products when the glass is subjected to uniform lateral pressure. This standard practice addresses each of the commonly used window glass products (monolithic glass, laminated glass, and insulating glass) that are fabricated from annealed, heat strengthened, and fully tempered glass plates, used singly or in combination. the procedures are based on principles of structural mechanics, are thorough, and are presented in clear and concise terms. Analyses of the basis for and the scope of these procedures lead …

Mansfield Ct: Planning A New Village Center, Maggie Jones, Richard Barringer

Planning

The case follows the development of a plan for a new village center in Storrs, the central village of Mansfield, Connecticut. A process that was transparent and inclusive of the community members yielded a plan that gained the approval of the Town, the landowner (the University of Connecticut), and the citizenry. The process relied on the mending of fences, the leadership of key participants, and an innovative strategy that included development of a nonprofit corporation and creative use of grant money. While zoning changes are still in the works, the first stage of building goes forward.

Augusta Me: The New Bridge Begets A New Planned Neighborhood, Molly Pulsifer, Richard Barringer

Planning

Construction of a new Third Bridge over the Kennebec River in Augusta offered the prospect of a new and handsome gateway to the city. Further, the resulting change in traffic patterns offered the City the chance to plan for a pattern of development quite different from what the city had experienced for the past half-century. The case study describes the planning and construction of the new bridge and corridors that re-routed traffic out of Augusta’s downtown and older neighborhoods, and created the opportunity for planned development adjacent to the corridor created by the new bridge. It goes on to describe …

The Civil Engineering Faculty Of The Future, Allen C. Estes, Ronald Welch

Architectural Engineering

The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) has published the Civil Engineering Body of Knowledge (BOK) for the 21st Century that attempts to define the knowledge, skills and attitudes required of a civil engineer. A section of that document addresses who should teach this body of knowledge. It concludes that civil engineering faculty must be scholars, effective teachers, practitioners, and role models. While true, there are a number of complex issues that arise such as whether it is possible for one person to possess all of these attributes, whether such a model best serves the projected trends in civil engineering …

Program Assessment The Easy Way: Using Embedded Indicators To Assess Program Outcomes, Karl Fred Meyer, Allen C. Estes, Ronald W. Welch, David G. Winget

Architectural Engineering

The culminating design experience for civil engineering majors at the United States Military Academy (USMA) is CE492, Design of Structural Systems. CE492 serves as a “capstone” experience or one in which students are faced with a multi-disciplinary design project incorporating facets from all previous civil engineering courses. Previous capstone experiences have required students to design structures planned for construction or currently under construction at the Academy, thus providing an opportunity for site visitations and active participation with key players in the project development process. Since CE492 provides a multi-disciplinary experience, it also provides an ideal opportunity for the application of …

"Putting A Fence Around" Architectural Engineering Undergraduate Research Projects, Edmond P. Saliklis

Architectural Engineering

The purpose of this paper is to provide practical suggestions of how to design and most importantly, how to limit the scope of proposed projects such that that an architectural engineering student can successfully participate in undergraduate research. Throughout the paper, the pedagogical benefits of such research projects will be emphasized. This paper will provide ideas and encouragement to faculty who may be hesitant to undertake research with undergraduate students. The paper closes with several successful case studies.

Two Alternative System Reliability Approaches To The Serviceability Condition Assessment Of Spillway Gate Systems On Dams, Allen C. Estes, Stuart D. Foltz

Architectural Engineering

Two competing methods were introduced for analyzing the condition of a structural system. The results produced by both were very different. In the weighted average approach, the system condition index will always be somewhere between the condition of the best and worst component in the system. In the traditional reliability approach, the condition index will always be lower than the condition of the worst member in a series system and higher than the condition of the best member in a parallel system. A traditional reliability approach works extremely well for a strength-based system where the importance factors of the components …

Amherst Ma: A New Village Plan For Atkins Corner, Maggie Jones, Richard Barringer

Planning

The case study describes a successful smart growth initiative in the town of Amherst, Massachusetts, at an intersection known as Atkins Corner. The initiative grew from two motivating factors: the necessity of realigning Route 116, a major north-to-south artery through the town, to decrease traffic accidents at the intersection and improve pedestrian safety; and a desire on the part of Hampshire College and the Town to create a village center at the intersection. Through a consensus-building process involving key town officials, Hampshire College, neighbors, and the design firm of Dodson Associates, agreement on the project was reached with local stakeholders …

Effects Of Changing The Amount Of Absorption In A Computer Model Of Queen’S Hall, Copenhagen, Denmark, Michelle C Vigeant, Lily M. Wang, Jens Holger Rindel

Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction: Faculty Publications

Room acoustics modelling and auralizations are very useful tools in the design of acoustically sensitive spaces.  One area of improvement for auralizations is the method of modelling the source directivity.  A new method to incorporate source directivity is multi-channel auralizations.  This study first evaluates the objective effects of using four and thirteen channel impulse responses in an ODEON model of Queen’s Hall, where the actual variable absorption is changed within the model.  Analyses of the results reveal great differences in the objective parameters of reverberation time and sound pressure level across each channel’s impulse response.  Subjective studies were then conducted …

Indigenous Architecture For Expeditionary Installations, Matthew B. Hutchings

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this research was to improve the effectiveness of facility design and construction for expeditionary installations in the Middle East. Specifically, this thesis sought to answer three research questions addressing current military construction policies as well as historical design of desert dwelling cultures, a comparison of current construction assemblies with indigenous design, and synthesis of indigenous design techniques with modern materials, techniques, and requirements. The research questions were answered through a comprehensive literature review, rudimentary quantitative analysis, and architectural design. The research indicated the feasibility of incorporating indigenous design into facility construction on expeditionary installations to improve building …

Room Acoustics In Coupled Volume Spaces, David T. Bradley, Lily M. Wang

Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction: Faculty Publications

The study of sound in the built environment is finding more awareness in the 21^st century.  As this awareness has increased, and as computing power has grown, the method of computer modeling for studying room acoustics in such settings as classrooms, offices, and performances spaces has taken great strides in recent years.  Of particular interest has been the study of the coupled volume space due to its unique ability to provide contrasting acoustical phenomenon.  A coupled volume room is generally defined as a space consisting of a large main volume containing high levels of sound absorption connected through small …

Measuring Sound Power In Ducted Heating, Ventilating, And Air-Conditioning (Hvac) Systems For Use In Verifying Acoustical Prediction Methods, Steven R. Ryherd, Lily M. Wang

Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction: Faculty Publications

This paper discusses issues regarding in-situ methods of obtaining sound power at a point in a heating, ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) duct system.  Such a method is being used as part of a larger investigation on acoustical prediction methods to allow for comparison of measured data to results from attenuation predictions of individual duct elements, such as elbows or dampers.  Sound propagation in HVAC duct work is complex.  Any measurements of sound energy in the duct must address the characteristics of sound propagation in ducts, end reflections, and air turbulence.  Investigations are being conducted to understand the extents to which …

Room Acoustics Computer Modeling: Study Of The Effect Of Source Directivity On Auralizations, Michelle C Vigeant, Lily M. Wang, Jens Holger Rindel

Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction: Faculty Publications

Auralizations are very useful in the design of performing arts spaces, where auralization is the process of rendering audible the sound field in a space, in such a way as to simulate the binaural listening experience at a given position in the modeled space.  One of the fundamental modeling inputs to create auralizations is the source directivity.  Standard methods involve inputting the measured source directivity, calculating the impulse response and convolving it with a single channel anechoic recording.  An initial study was conducted using this method and the results showed significant differences in reverberation time and clarity index when using …

A Review Of Diffuse Reflections In Architectural Acoustics, Jonathan Rathsam, Lily M. Wang

Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction: Faculty Publications

Diffuse reflections have received increasing attention in architectural acoustics over the past quarter century.  The term diffuse refers to non-specular directions.  This paper identifies three mechanisms that cause diffuse reflections.  Practitioners have found that changing specular reflections into diffuse reflections can reduce noise and echoes both indoors and outdoors.  Developers of acoustical modeling software have also found that modeling diffuse in additional to specular reflections produces more accurate predictions.  The final portion of this paper presents results for a study of scattering coefficients in acoustical modeling software.

Effects Of Noise On Productivity: Does Performance Decrease Over Time?, Jessica Errett, Erica Eileen Bowden, Marc Choiniere, Lily M. Wang

Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction: Faculty Publications

Most people at one time or another have found themselves irritated or distracted by the background noise in a building.  The irritation might have resulted in minor aggravation or may have been dramatic enough to hinder their work.  This leads us to ask whether occupants are increasingly aggravated by noise the longer they are exposed to it, or if they naturally habituate to their acoustic environment.  In an effort to answer this question, a study was completed in the “Indoor Environment Lab” at the University of Nebraska.  This lab resembles a typical office and was specially constructed to be acoustically …

Appropriate Characterization Of Background Noise Levels In The Workplace, Erica E. Bowden, Lily M. Wang

Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction: Faculty Publications

Overall loudness is not the only quality of indoor background noise that affects occupants.  The distribution of noise across frequency (pitch), whether or not the noise contains tones, and whether or not the noise changes over time must also be considered.  There are several indoor noise criteria systems available to quantify the background noise in rooms, but many of them do not account for these factors.  These systems are commonly used by architects and engineers, and often incorporated into manufacturer’s data, design guides, and standards.  There is much debate over which of the criteria systems best reflect how occupants will …

Effect Of Seeding Materials And Mixing Strength On Struvite Precipitation, Jun Wang, Joel Gerard Burken, Xiaoqi Zhang

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Struvite Precipitation Has Increasing Interest as a Technology for Removing and Recovering Phosphorus from Wastewater Streams. Many Chemical Factors Have Been Studied, Such as Optimum PH Values and Component-Ion Molar Ratios, Yet, Understanding of Physical Aspects is Lacking. Two Physical Parameters Were Tested: (1) Seeding Material Addition and (2) Mixing. Objectives Were to Evaluate Three Seeding Materials and to Optimize Mixing Conditions for Struvite-Crystal Precipitation, Growth, and Subsequent Sedimentation. Results Confirm that Mixing Strength and Proper Seeding Materials Increase Crystal Size and Improve Settleability. for Unseeded Solutions, Optimum Phosphorus Removal Was Achieved at a Mixing Strength of G = 76 …

Numerical Simulations Of The Interaction Of Internal Waves With A Shelf Break, S. K. Venayagamoorthy, O. B. Fringer

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The energetics of the interaction of internal gravity waves with a shelf break is investigated by means of high-resolution two-dimensional numerical simulations, with an emphasis on understanding the partitioning of the internal wave energy over the course of the interaction process and the subsequent dynamics of the onshore propagating internal waves. Some of the energy is dissipated as a result of the instabilities associated with breaking, while the remaining energy is either reflected back away from or transmitted onto the shelf. We employ an analysis of the distribution of the energy flux across the shelf break taking into account the …

Cost-Effective, Structural Stay-In-Place Formwork System Of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer For Accelerated And Durable Bridge Deck Construction, Thomas E. Ringelstetter, Lawrence C. Bank, Michael G. Oliva, Jeffrey S. Russell, Fabio Matta, Antonio Nanni

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper describes research on the evolution of a cost-effective, structural stay-in-place (SIP) formwork bridge deck system with an integrated modular three-dimensional fiber-reinforced polymer (FRF) reinforcement cage. Recent research conducted at the University of Wisconsin is reviewed to show the evolution of the reinforcing system to include an integral FRP SIP form. the evolution occurred through laboratory testing, which was followed by the design and construction of two bridge structures owned by the State of Wisconsin. Each structure used different FRP reinforcement and formwork. These projects pointed out the need for a competitive SIP formwork to be used in conjunction …

Ubc 97 And Aci 318-02 Code Comparison - Summary Report, Chukwuma Ekwueme, John Lawson, Mehran Pourzanjani, James S. Lai, Bob Lyon

Architectural Engineering

Introduction

Recognizing there have been questions on the differences between the alternate slender wall design procedures in 1997 UBC and in ACI 318-02, the SEAOSC Board authorized a Task Group to provide a comprehensive review of the two design procedures. The ACI procedure was adopted by IBC 2000 and subsequent code editions. As quoted in ACI 318R-02 Commentary Section R14.8, Section 14.8 is based on the corresponding requirements in the UBC and experimental research of the Test Report by SCCACI-SEAOSC.

This summary report includes review of source documents, code comparison, and background of the design provisions under UBC and under …

"Tilt-Up Building" And "Tilt-Up Wall Panel With Openings", John W. Lawson

Architectural Engineering

No abstract provided.