Race Smart, Finish Strong: Pacing Secrets For The Boston Marathon,
2024
Brigham Young University - Provo
Race Smart, Finish Strong: Pacing Secrets For The Boston Marathon, Luke Vankeersbilck, Jared Steele, William Bradley Nelson, Iain Hunter
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Much of the literature on marathon pacing is based on flat courses often neglecting the impact of terrain. Runners are often advised to run an even effort throughout a marathon, but it is difficult to establish optimal paces for a hilly race like the Boston Marathon. PURPOSE: This study created a model for effectively pacing the Boston Marathon intending to optimize individual performance. METHODS: 121 runners (72 female, 49 male qualifiers, ages 18-30) entered in the 2023 Boston Marathon participated. Finish times and split times were taken from the official Boston Marathon website, with entry times collected via …
Hydration Status In Construction Workers During A Regular Summer Workday,
2024
University of New Mexico
Hydration Status In Construction Workers During A Regular Summer Workday, Jennifer Raef, Jonathan W. Specht, Alyssa Bailly, Erika Tourula, M. Jo Hite, Maxime Jeanovitch Lignier, Leo Schweitzer, Jason Glaser, David H. Wegman, Zachary J. Schlader, Fabiano T. Amorim
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Occupational heat exposure increases sweat production, which can potentially lead to dehydration. A previous pilot study observation during a regular summer workday suggested that construction workers arrive at the worksite in a dehydrated state but do not experience further dehydration during their shift. This finding raises questions about whether these observations can be replicated in a larger cohort and whether hydration status declines progressively throughout the workweek. PURPOSE: The primary purpose of this study was to examine the impact of a work shift on the hydration status of construction workers in the summer. A secondary purpose was to compare …
Majority Of Ncaa Div. 1 Football Players At Specific Institute Show Patellar Tendon Blood Flow Post-Exercise,
2024
Brigham Young University
Majority Of Ncaa Div. 1 Football Players At Specific Institute Show Patellar Tendon Blood Flow Post-Exercise, Bryson T. Schaugaard, Lee J Hinkle, Gabe Davidson, Brett B. Mortensen, Aaron W. Johnson
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Patellar tendinopathy is a frequent overuse injury among collegiate athletes, especially in football players, due to the intense strain on the patellar tendon. Power Doppler Imaging (PDI) is an effective way to analyze blood flow (BF) within the tendon and correlates to patellar tendinopathy and pain. A healthy and normal tendon should have a score of 0 on the Arias scale. PURPOSE: This study aims to determine the number of players with increased BF and to determine if the BF at origin and insertion of the patella tendon is influenced by time on team or by position category (big: OL/DL, …
Exercise Acutely Modulates Mitochondrial Function In Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells,
2024
Loyola Marymount University
Exercise Acutely Modulates Mitochondrial Function In Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells, Morgan K. Daniel, Clover Crenshaw, Antonio Ballardo, Kayla Kumagai, Robert Musci
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Exercise trained individuals have greater immune system function, which may be attributed to enhanced peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) function. Exercise training is a potent stimulator of mitochondrial adaptation, which may explain improvements in immune system function. However, the mechanisms by which exercise acutely modulates PBMCs to lead toward beneficial adaptations remain unclear. PURPOSE: The purpose of this pilot was to test the hypothesis that exercise acutely modulates PBMC mitochondrial function. METHODS: Ten participants (eight males, two females, 22.81 ± 4.49 years) had blood drawn prior to a bout of exercise that included a graded exercise test (VO2max: …
Satellite Cell Content In Different Muscle Regions Following Volumetric Muscle Loss Injury,
2024
Brigham Young University
Satellite Cell Content In Different Muscle Regions Following Volumetric Muscle Loss Injury, Jj Payne, Jake Sorensen, Zach Rasmussen, Matthew Mangus, Kylie Chase
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Volumetric muscle loss (VML) refers to the loss of a significant portion of skeletal muscle tissue, which cannot regenerate through the body's natural repair mechanisms. Satellite cells play a crucial role in muscle regeneration due to their ability to proliferate, migrate to injured areas, and fuse with other cells or muscle fibers to repair or create new tissue. PURPOSE: This study examined the satellite cell distribution in different regions of VML-injured muscle to understand their response to trauma. METHODS: Four adult male Lewis rats (3-4 months old) underwent a surgical procedure where a 6mm full-thickness biopsy punch created a VML …
Impact Of Surface Type On Single-Leg Jumping And Landing Mechanics Using Emg, Kinematics, And Ground Reaction Force,
2024
California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo
Impact Of Surface Type On Single-Leg Jumping And Landing Mechanics Using Emg, Kinematics, And Ground Reaction Force, Anna Grexton, Katie Au, Stephanie Yeakle, Christiane O'Hara
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Previous studies have found that athletes who need to jump in their sport often have asymmetry in their landing, resulting in a higher load on one leg. This can cause acute and chronic injuries to the knee such as ACL injuries, ligament injuries, stress fractures, and arthritis. PURPOSE: This project aims to measure the ground reaction force (GRF) of repetitive jumping of a single-leg on difference surfaces, identify key muscles and activation patterns, and understand the biomechanical kinematics of the jump sequence. By analyzing these aspects of repetitive jumping, and investigating the correlations and mutual influence, the effects of single-leg …
Evaluating The Impact Of The Standuptv Intervention On Proximal Mediators And Self-Reported Outcomes,
2024
California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo
Evaluating The Impact Of The Standuptv Intervention On Proximal Mediators And Self-Reported Outcomes, Storey Balko, Grace Bell, Jennifer Perez Aguilar, Casey Nash, Kristina Hasanaj, Chad Stecher, Matt Buman Facsm, Sarah Keadle Facsm
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Recreational sedentary screen time (rSST) is associated with increased risk for cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and all-cause mortality, but there is a lack of efficacious interventions to reduce rSST among adults. The StandUPTV mHealth intervention was developed to determine the best strategies to reduce rSST in adults, and using a 23 full factorial trial, achieved a significant reduction in rSST by an average of 75 minutes per day over a 16-week period. PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study is to examine changes in social cognitive theory (SCT) derived mediators (e.g., self-efficacy outcome expectations and motivation), rSST-related habits, …
Females Experience Greater Relative But Similar Absolute Neuromuscular Fatigue Than Males During A Ramp-Incremental Exercise Test,
2024
The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
Females Experience Greater Relative But Similar Absolute Neuromuscular Fatigue Than Males During A Ramp-Incremental Exercise Test, Jeff Moore, Daniel T. Cannon, Harry B. Rossiter Facsm, Carrie Ferguson
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Sex differences in pulmonary, cardiovascular, or neuromuscular function may affect the development of neuromuscular fatigue and the primary mechanism of exercise intolerance. Unlike the standard cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET), the musculo-cardio-pulmonary exercise test (mCPET) uses isokinetic power (Piso) to directly assess neuromuscular performance and fatigue. PURPOSE: : To examine sex differences in neuromuscular performance and fatigue during mCPET. We hypothesize that compared to females, males will have greater power (baseline Piso), lower capacity to aerobically support their available muscle power (lower aerobic power index; API), greater reduction in Piso per watt of work performed (higher fatigue index; FI), be …
Blood Flow Restriction Training Effects On Pennation Angles,
2024
Loyola Marymount University
Blood Flow Restriction Training Effects On Pennation Angles, Jack Cadden, Julia Burke, Lindsey Cho, Luke Honari, Chadney Lim, Todd C. Shoepe
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Pennation angle (PA) represents the angle between muscle fibers and the force-generating axis of the muscle. Blood flow resistance (BFR) training involves the occlusion of venous blood flow in working muscles to promote muscular growth signaling with reduced training intensity. PURPOSE: The purpose is to examine if hypertrophy through BFR may result in PA alterations to accommodate muscle fiber volume alterations. METHODS: Males (N=11, 20.35±1.59 yrs, 177.97±9.22 cm, 83.66±20.69 kg), and females (N=12, 23.20±9.53 yrs, 164.60±6.42 cm, 63.2±10.65 kg) participated in resistance training with BFR for 3 times/week, for 8 weeks at 60% occlusion pressure, at 30% of one-repetition maximum …
Acute Effects Of Cycling-Induced Fatigue On Walking Gait In Endurance Athletes,
2024
California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo
Acute Effects Of Cycling-Induced Fatigue On Walking Gait In Endurance Athletes, Jonathan Pineda, James Engebretson, Jillian Trilevsky, Christiane R. O'Hara, Scott Hazelwood
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Previous studies have shown that the transition from cycling to running is less biomechanically efficient than a stand-alone run, which makes triathletes more susceptible to injury and inhibits performance. While several studies have examined the effects of cycling on running gait, little is known about its impact on walking gait. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine any changes in muscle recruitment and hip and knee kinetics and kinematics during walking of endurance athletes under cycling-induced fatigue conditions. METHODS: Six college-aged women performed two conditions walking across force plates, heel strike to heel strike, with their …
Anthropometric And Physiological Determinants Of Maximal Fat Oxidation During Graded Exercise,
2024
Utah Valley University
Anthropometric And Physiological Determinants Of Maximal Fat Oxidation During Graded Exercise, Zachary Rodgers, Austin Hayhurst, Alec Clawson, Easton Gray, Haden Van Orden, Lindsay Saunders, Nicolas Clark
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Maximal fat oxidation (MFO), assessed via a graded exercise test (GXT), also known as the FATMAX test, demonstrates considerable inter-individual variability due to factors such as metabolic efficiency, body composition, and physiological responses to exercise. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the factors driving this variability, including fasting blood glucose (FBG), hydration status, anthropometric measures, and cardiorespiratory fitness. METHODS: Male participants (N = 41; BMI = 25.0 ± 4.2 kg/m2) underwent a graded exercise test (GXT) to exhaustion using an electromagnetically braked cycle ergometer. The GXT protocol began with a 10-minute warm-up at …
Psychologic Contribution To Non-Local Fatigue,
2024
Utah Valley University
Psychologic Contribution To Non-Local Fatigue, Jack R. Bakker, Brock Sheehan, Parker R. Draney, Jackson J. Foukas, Nelson F. Brown, Anthony Ciccone
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Non-local fatigue occurs when one muscle group causes the fatigue of a different muscle group within a training session. This phenomenon is commonly studied among exercise physiologists who have potentially overlooked the possibility of a psychological effect of knowingly participating in what is supposed to be a fatigue study. PURPOSE: Therefore, the purpose of the study is to determine what subjects think will happen to lower body performance when upper body exercises are added, and if that affects the actual non-local fatigue result. METHODS: One lower-body workout (LB) consisted of five sets of leg extension (quadriceps only exercise) …
The Impact Of Tendon Structure And Pain-Related Fear On Pain Outcomes In Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy Following Resistance Exercise,
2024
University of Southern California
The Impact Of Tendon Structure And Pain-Related Fear On Pain Outcomes In Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy Following Resistance Exercise, Kameron Mortazavi, Matthew Heindel, Oscar Vila-Dieguez, Lori Michener
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Rotator cuff (RC) tendinopathy is a leading cause of shoulder pain which is defined by damage to tendon structure. Resistance exercise is a known effective intervention for RC tendinopathy intended to restore deficits in tendon structure. However, outcomes are highly variable and are often related to fear of moving and/or hurting their shoulder, known as pain-related fear. No study has defined the relative contributions of tendon structure and pain-related fear to pain outcomes following resistance exercise. PURPOSE: Define the relative contributions of pain-related fear and tendon structure to patient-reported pain outcomes following 8-weeks of resistance exercise. METHODS: Participants …
Effect Of Prolonged Water Immersion On Isometric Mid-Thigh Pull Performance: A Feasibility Study And Preliminary Analysis,
2024
Utah State University
Effect Of Prolonged Water Immersion On Isometric Mid-Thigh Pull Performance: A Feasibility Study And Preliminary Analysis, Joonsun Park, Landon Corbett, Justus Rammell, Talin Louder
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Water immersion may enhance muscle strength by increasing cerebral blood flow and activating the cerebral cortex due to an upwardly directed hydrostatic pressure gradient. Early evidence shows that grip strength improves when individuals are partially immersed in water compared to on land. However, it remains unclear whether this effect can be confirmed under conditions involving the activation of a larger muscle mass. PURPOSE: The purpose was to investigate the effects of prolonged water immersion on lower-extremity maximal isometric strength using the isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) test. METHODS: Six male recreationally active young adults (age = 24.3 ± 3.4 …
Effects Of Different Caffeine Doses On Fat Oxidation And Cardiovascular Response During Exercise At Fatmax In Overweight/Obese Female College Students,
2024
University of the Pacific
Effects Of Different Caffeine Doses On Fat Oxidation And Cardiovascular Response During Exercise At Fatmax In Overweight/Obese Female College Students, Zhigang Gong, Shihong Yu, Yuquan Ding, Huiying Zhou, Siping Xin, Tianou Zhang
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Caffeine is commonly used among athletes for its performance-enhancing effects. However, its impact on fat oxidation in overweight/obese individuals during exercise at maximal fat oxidation intensity (FATmax) is not well understood. PURPOSE: To examine the effects of different doses of acute caffeine ingestion on fat oxidation and cardiovascular response in overweight/obese female college students during exercise at FATmax. METHODS: Eleven overweight/obese female college students participated in four trials after ingesting caffeine (3 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg, 9 mg/kg) or a placebo (cellulose). Each trial included 1 hour of rest and 40 minutes of continuous running at FAT …
The Concurrent Validity And Reliability Of An In-Lab Markerless Motion Capture System In Assessing Joint Kinematics Of The Competitive Tennis Player: A Pilot Study,
2024
Point Loma Nazarene University
The Concurrent Validity And Reliability Of An In-Lab Markerless Motion Capture System In Assessing Joint Kinematics Of The Competitive Tennis Player: A Pilot Study, Bryant Alexis Valle, Kristen Snyman, Brian Wilson, Arnel L. Aguinaldo
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Marker-based (MB) motion capture systems are considered the gold standard in biomechanics, but markerless (ML) systems, such as Theia3D, offer potential for more accessible and time-efficient data collection. However, the validity and reliability of ML systems in accurately capturing joint angular velocities in dynamic movements, such as tennis serves, is not well established. The PURPOSE of this pilot study was to evaluate the concurrent validity and reliability of an in-lab ML system in measuring joint angular velocities in competitive tennis players, compared to an MB system. METHODS: Nine collegiate tennis players performed serves while both MB and ML systems …
The Effect Of Ankle And Hallux Positioning On Hallux Force Production,
2024
Brigham Young University
The Effect Of Ankle And Hallux Positioning On Hallux Force Production, Mickelle Maccabe, Tanner Krupp, Joshua Sponbeck, Wayne Johnson, Dustin Bruening
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
The foot is not simply a rigid lever, but contributes substantially to movement energetics, primarily through muscle-tendon dynamics. However, more research is needed to understand how the small muscles of the foot generate and regulate force production. PURPOSE: We quantified the effects of ankle and hallux positioning on hallux flexion force production, isolating the contribution of the flexor hallucis longus (FHL) and brevis (FHB). We hypothesized the FHL length changes would influence hallux force. METHODS: Eighteen healthy adult volunteers participated with written consent. Participants assumed each of four testing positions on a custom-built isometric toe flexion force sensor: ankle …
Neutrophil- And Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell-Conditioned Medias Cause Myotube Atrophy And Alter The Myotube Transcriptome,
2024
University of New Mexico
Neutrophil- And Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell-Conditioned Medias Cause Myotube Atrophy And Alter The Myotube Transcriptome, Heidi Disbrow, Jonathan Specht, Michael Deyhle
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Cancer-related inflammation and altered hematopoiesis leads to increased neutrophil and myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) production and reduced lymphoid and erythroid cell production. Recently, we found cells bearing a surface antigen belonging to both MDSCs and neutrophils accumulate in skeletal muscle and contribute to atrophy that occurs in cancer cachexia. It is unknown if these cells cause skeletal muscle atrophy directly, or if MDSCs and neutrophils impact atrophy differently. The PURPOSE of this study was to explore the direct effects of neutrophil- and MDSC-conditioned media relative to control medium on myotube atrophy and transcriptome.METHODS: Neutrophils were isolated from the …
Changes Of Achilles Tendon Size Across Different Running Races: A Preliminary Study,
2024
Brigham Young University
Changes Of Achilles Tendon Size Across Different Running Races: A Preliminary Study, Summer S. Hollifield, Joshua Sponbeck, Lee J Hinkle, Alyson Radford, Camille Nguyen, Aaron W. Johnson
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
A common form of physical activity is running. However, a large percentage of runners will injure a lower extremity tendon. Ultrasound imaging provides useful insight on tendon health and prevalence of structural changes. Previous research in younger adults has shown the Achilles tendon (AT) thins over the course of a distance run. This suggests that tendon structure may become altered based on the distance and surface of the course. Research studies have also found that a greater than 20% increase in AT thickness from the proximal calcaneous to the thickest portion of the tendon is associated with tendinopathy. PURPOSE: To …
Effect Of Lower-Body Vs Whole-Body Resistance Exercise On Vastus Lateralis Deoxygenated Hemoglobin,
2024
Utah Valley University
Effect Of Lower-Body Vs Whole-Body Resistance Exercise On Vastus Lateralis Deoxygenated Hemoglobin, Brock J. Sheehan, Jack Bakker, Jackson J. Foukas, Nelson F. Brown, Parker R. Draney, Anthony Ciccone
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Non-local fatigue occurs when one muscle group causes the fatigue of a different muscle group within a training session. This phenomenon may be explained by an increase in deoxygenated hemoglobin due to the competition of oxygenated blood between muscle groups. PURPOSE: Therefore the purpose of the study was to determine if adding upper body exercises to a lower body workout results in a significant difference in vastus lateralis deoxygenated hemoglobin values compared to lower body only. METHODS: One lower-body workout (LB) consisted of five sets of leg extension (quadriceps only exercise) at 90% of their maximum strength with …
