Sports Management Commons^™

An Empirical Examination Of University Intercollegiate Athletic Expenditures, Jeffery L. Stinson, Adam Marquardt, Joshua Chandley

Marketing Faculty Publications

To date, little empirical work has examined the institutional returns associated with athletic program investments. While intangible brand effects are commonly cited, such as athletics serving as the perceptual "front porch" of the institution, direct examination of the effects of athletic programs has often been narrow in scope. Within this study, we assess the contributions of investment in athletics as compared to other areas of institutional investment, on important institutional outcomes. Data for the study was collected from two datasets, the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) and the Equity in Athletics dataset. Fixed effects models for NCAA Football Bowl …

Reflection, Richard C. Crepeau

On Sport and Society

As I prepare to leave England and return to Florida and as the end of the year approaches, I have thought about writing an end of the year summary piece. Thinking about that I decided that what I only would reflect upon the last six or seven weeks of this year, weeks that have turned out to be most remarkable in content and emblematic of the past year.

Similarities In Fan Preferences For Minor-League Baseball Across The American Southeast, Tyler Anthony, Tim Kahn, Briana Madison, Rodney Paul, Andrew Weinbach

Falk College Research Center

Three Minor League Baseball leagues across the Southeastern United States are studied in order to determine what drives fan attendance. Individual game attendance and game characteristics are examined for three leagues located in the American southeast, the Florida State League, the Southern League, and the South Atlantic League. Despite the three leagues encompassing different levels of play (from A to AA), the determinants of attendance are similar across leagues. Factors affecting attendance such as winning percentage, weather conditions, local income and population, and individual game promotions, such as fireworks, are explored.

Thanksgiving, Richard C. Crepeau

On Sport and Society

(As with all American traditions if it happened once or twice it is one. Therefore I present my traditional Thanksgiving piece) The History of Thanksgiving and of Football both go back into the Middle Ages, and so it may not be so strange that the two would become intertwined in modern America.

Ua12/2/1 Topper Extra - Basketball Season Preview, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Administration Documents

Topper Extra magazine, includes articles:

• Claybourn, Cole. This Season’s Toppers a Young Defensive-minded Team – Basketball
• Claybourn, Cole. Upperclassmen Ready to Teach Newcomers
• Preseason Sun Belt Conference Men’s Basketball Poll
• Preseason Sun Belt Conference Women’s Basketball Poll
• Stephens, Brad. Mary Cowles Hopes Young, Old Take WKU Back to NCAA Tournament
• Stephens, Brad. LaTiera Owens Becoming Vocal Leader for Lady Toppers
• Stephens, Brad. Micah Jones, Jalynn McClain Link with WKU Women

Al Davis, Richard C. Crepeau

On Sport and Society

Over the past weekend news came of the death of Al Davis at the age of 82. It did not make the nightly news in France or the newspapers that I saw. It was not until returning to England on Monday that I, really by chance, stumbled across the news of Davis’ death. I can say I was surprised and somewhat taken aback by the possibility that I might have missed the death of such an important figure in the history of sport in America, particularly the history of the National Football League.

Nsu News Release - 2008-11-01 - Nsu Rowing Competes In Second Event Of Fall Season, Nova Southeastern University

NSU Athletics Press Releases

No abstract provided.

Volunteer Satisfaction And Intent To Remain: An Analysis Of Contributing Factors Among Professional Golf Event Volunteers, Gina Pauline

Falk College Research Center

Sport events are increasingly reliant on episodic volunteers for the successful delivery of an event. As there continues to exist a surge in the organization of sporting events coupled with the demand for volunteers, event organizers must concern themselves with utilizing the appropriate recruitment and retention strategies. In an effort to do this, one must understand the points of satisfaction for volunteers as well as factors influencing their future intentions to volunteer. While there exists a plethora of research to understand the motivation of volunteers, exploring the antecedents of volunteer satisfaction as well as intent to remain has been limited. …

Women In Top Management Positions In The Sport Industry: Breaking Down The Barriers And Stereotypes, Katie Simmons

Sport Management Undergraduate

Even with the advancements that women have made throughout history, very few women have risen to the top of sports organizations. Previous research cites gender based stereotypes, segregation based on job type, and the “old boys’ network” as causes for this trend. The purpose of this study is to focus on the women currently working in the industry and explore their experiences in the work place. Seven interviews were conducted with women working in leadership positions in the sport industry. Their responses to the interview questions contradict previous findings. The results of this study show that women are overcoming the …

Exploring Intangibles In Event Design, Ally Pawarski

Sport Management Undergraduate

Event coordinators are constantly faced with the pressures of developing innovative strategies based upon new consumer desires. Because of this, planners need to be aware and receptive of consumer and participant responses. However, it is questionable whether coordinators actually turn these responses into action when planning events. Through an ethnography design with the National Senior Games in Houston, Texas and Rochester, NY, this study seeks to improve the way events are implemented by analyzing data for both intangible and tangible factors. It was found that strong communication between management levels, recruiting the right people to your organization and listening to …

Exploring Relationships Between Academic Progress Rates And Team Success, Jeffrey Lefevre

Sport Management Undergraduate

Academic Progress Rate (APR) was instituted by the NCAA in 2005 to get a real time measure of student’s academic progress. The APR is used to measure athlete’s academic progress at their institution in and out of season. Since the APR was instituted recently, literature and research involving the APR is scarce. Team success (as measured by win/loss record and postseason accomplishments) was correlated with a team’s Academic Progress Rate. Men’s Division I college basketball did not show any significant findings between Academic Progress Rates and team success. Men’s Division I college football showed that as teams have more success …

The Effectiveness Of The Nfl’S Rooney Rule, Matthew Welker

Sport Management Undergraduate

The Rooney Rule in the NFL was created in order to create an atmosphere of racial equality and fairness when relating to hiring practices. The general consensus on the Rooney Rule is that it has been successful so far, but there is still a lot to do in order to counteract racial bias when it comes to hiring employees. After nine years of validation, it is still yet to be seen if the Rooney Rule has made changes to the NFL. This research explores the positions of Offensive Coordinator, Defensive Coordinator, and General Manager in all 32 NFL franchises to …

Online Marketing And New Media Usage In The National Football League, Julia Lauria

Sport Management Undergraduate

As innovations in technology continue to occur at a rapid rate, marketing as once known continues to drastically change as well. This has provided organizations several new and improved marketing tools, while simultaneously presenting numerous challenges. The sport industry has adopted these innovations and uses internet marketing and new media frequently. The National Football League, the most profitable sports league in the United States, has been identified as a leading force in the use of new marketing initiatives. This research critically analyzes each of the 32 NFL organizations official websites to determine the different aspects of new media and internet …

An Examination Of Gender Bias In Print Coverage Of High School Athletics, Kevin English

Sport Management Undergraduate

This study examined the balance of newspaper coverage in regards to male and female high school athletes by way of a content analysis. Using the Messenger Post, a small daily in upstate New York, this study explored whether or not gender biases exist within the publication. 328 photographs were gathered from the 2011 spring sport season (April 1 to June 13) and analyzed with a keen eye towards placement, color, and quantity. Results proved to contradict past research. The sample shows that males have a greater prominence in the newspaper – in each of the factors discussed above – but …

Winning Percentage And Attendance In The Nhl, Daniel Peters

Sport Management Undergraduate

This research extends the analysis of winning on attendance, looking specifically at its prevalence in the National Hockey League. Data was collected from 2005-2006 through the 2010-2011 season for the each of the league’s 30 teams. Each club’s winning percentage at the midway point of each year was noted, and attendance at each of the remaining home games was analyzed. Statistical analysis revealed that the only season in which there was a significant relationship between midpoint winning percentage and second half attendance was 2010-2011. This study also explored patterns of attendance across the league over this six-year span.

The Rise In Major League Baseball Salaries: How Salary Arbitration, Free Agency And Personal Performance Statistics Factor Into The Rise In Player Salaries, James Grecco

Sport Management Undergraduate

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the factors supporting the rise in Major League Baseball Player Salaries over the years. In this paper, four “Former Great” players’ personal statistics and salaries were compared to “Modern Era” players that achieved similar records, in an attempt to calculate approximately how much each former player would earn if they played today. Personal statistics used to compare position players were, players’ batting averages (Avg.), slugging percentages (SLG%), and the number of homeruns calculated (HR’s). Pitcher’s figures associated were, strikeouts per innings pitched (K:IP), strikeout to walk ratio (K: BB), and walks and …

The Effect Of Gender On Fitness Motivational Factors: An Examination Of St. John Fisher College Undergraduate Students, Daniel J. Lippa

Sport Management Undergraduate

Gender and the effect it has on physical fitness motivational factors for St. John Fisher undergraduate students was examined, in the context of factors such as reasons for participation (health/functioning, appearance, achievement, social) factors that contribute to commitment (feeling in control, seeing physical changes, social) and qualities important in a fitness facility (location, staff and training aids, extra amenities, operating hours, quality/type of equipment, group classes offered, membership prices/packages). Significant gender differences were found in health and functioning, achievement, social reasons, location, and group classes.

Athletes On Facebook, Kristen Vella

Sport Management Undergraduate

As technology has risen at a rapid rate in recent years, social networking has become a large part of society. Specifically Facebook has become a part of a regular routine and a daily task for many, including athletes. Privacy settings for athletes are important as many activities online are now being monitored by university personnel. This exploratory study uncovered the quantity, content and rationalization of Facebook posts with a select group of Division III athletes. Utilizing survey technology, it was discovered that athletes seem to be more cautious than expected and do take privacy settings into consideration. These findings contradict …

The Effect Of Recruiting Style On Men’S College Basketball Ticket Sales, Brian Bean

Sport Management Undergraduate

In college athletics fans are attached to the tradition of their favorite school. The tradition of playing college basketball has started to change with the implementation of the 2005 NBA CBA. Players cannot now go directly from high school to the NBA. Players have to go to college for at least one calendar year out high school before entering the NBA rookie draft. The study took a look at the difference in average season ticket, and average single game tickets that were sold for college basketball seasons. With this knowledge the college basketball can now determine that there is no …

Motivational Differences Among Traditional And Transfer Football Players, Nicholas Adrian

Sport Management Undergraduate

Motivation among football players drives a team to success or failure. Coaches must be able to create a positive environment that allows players to be motivated. It all starts from the top and trickles down. There are many different actions that coaches use to motivate their players on and off the field. Depending on which type of coaching style is used will determine the methods that are used to motivate. Players also have to have self-motivating traits that drive them to become better athletes. This study consisted of surveys of football players in Division III football. Transfer students and 4th …