Taxation Commons^™

Tourism, Mapping, Retail And Recreational Trails: A Case Study Of Connectivity Between Trails And Adjacent Downtowns In Anniston, Alabama, Usa, Jennifer Green

Theses

This study examines the estimated increase in economic impact on a geography’s local economy by creating cross-marketing efforts between expanding an established outdoor recreation trail to a closely located city downtown commerce district. This research will analyze the resulting potential rise in sales/lodging tax revenues for that city by mapping the trail and downtown district, and cross-marketing the other to users of both or either venue. Potential increase in economic impact will be estimated utilizing IMPLAN methodology by assessing the economic impact on the local economy that a percentage range of increased spending resulting from this cross-marketing effort could generate.

What Do Americans Think About Federal Tax Options To Support Transportation? Results From Year Thirteen Of A National Survey, Asha Weinstein Agrawal, Hilary Nixon

Mineta Transportation Institute Publications

This report summarizes the results from the thirteenth year of a national public opinion survey asking U.S. adults questions related to their views on federal transportation taxes. A nationally-representative sample of 2,620 respondents completed the online survey from January 31 to March 10, 2022. The questions test public opinions about raising the federal gas tax rate, replacing the federal gas tax with a new mileage fee, and imposing a mileage fee just on commercial travel. In addition to asking directly about support for these tax options, the survey collected data on respondents’ views on the quality of their local transportation …

Bearer Negotiable Instruments: Addressing A Financial Intelligence Gap And Identifying Criminogenic Weaknesses, Hollis B. Kegg

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Bearer Negotiable Instruments (BNI) are a long-standing category of financial instruments used to transfer large amounts of money in ways that may not be subject to regulation, reporting, tracking, review, or oversight. There is limited information available on BNIs, and no evidence that any studies have been undertaken on BNIs alone, much less reported. Increasingly, BNIs are being used for illegal purposes including money laundering. This study gathers information about their characteristics, nature, purpose, legal status, and numbers. It also focuses on the crime risks associated with BNIs, the crime opportunities they facilitate, and the criminal weaknesses in the financial …

United States Of America As The Global Steward, Grant Fuller

Liberty University Journal of Statesmanship & Public Policy

The principle of subsidiarity states that local communities are best equipped to govern most of their affairs. In an increasingly connected world, this idea gets contested frequently. Since World War II, the world has experienced relative peace due to U.S. precedence. Today, we see U.S. leadership challenged by global players like China, which is doing so in a manner that prioritizes their people and goals. In order to maintain relevance, the United States must revisit trade policy, monetary policy, fiscal policy, and national security policy.

Impact Of Sports Gambling Legality On U.S. States’ Real Gdp Per Capita, Emilian Ardeljan

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

This paper analyzes the impact of the Supreme Court’s decision in 2018 to allow states and Washington D.C. to implement state-sponsored sports gambling on that state’s real GDP per capita. In addition, this paper also analyzes if there is a statistically significant difference in the measures of the real GDP per capita between the various levels of legalization states have incorporated including retail-only, online-only, and fully legalized. The motivation for this research stems from the recent increase in the number of states that have legalized sports gambling to some degree as well as the growing popularity of the sports betting …

History Of The Use Tax In The United States, Christopher Jones, Yuyun Sejati, Spencer Usrey

The North American Accounting Studies

The use tax was developed by states to complement the sales tax. The aim was to prevent residents from being able to avoid paying the sales tax by simply going to a different state to make a purchase. Unlike the sales tax, which is collected by businesses at the point of sale, the use tax is self-reported by individuals. Since its inception in the United States in the 1930s, compliance with the use tax has been close to zero. This article examines the history of the use tax in the United States, including its original intent, enforcement issues, numerous court …

Pop & Perjury: The Irs Valuation War With The Estate Of Michael Jackson, Beckett Cantley, Geoffrey Dietrich

The University of New Hampshire Law Review

When Michael Jackson died unexpectedly in Los Angeles, California, on June 25, 2009, his career and earnings were nearing an all-time low. Plagued by past sexual abuse allegations, scandals, and questionable health, Michael Jackson’s personal finances were purported to be in complete disarray. However, following his unexpected death, the value of his estate, which was reported to be near to nothing, swelled as the world remembered his beloved contributions to the world and began to purchase accordingly. Sales of Michael Jackson’s music began to soar high. The estate’s value soared even higher as it signed licensing agreements and released new …

Decision-Making Tool For Procurement For Brazilian Airlines, Franco Daffos Torres, Raquel Sá Brito Rojas, Ricardo Araujo Kuokawa Bico, Rodrigo Saldanha Marinho, Leila Halawi

Publications

Globalization stimulates transactions between countries by offering products and services with distinct quality and prices. Tax payment is remitted abroad during negotiations involving agreements between countries. We are proposing a change in the procurement process by including the utilization of a new tool fed with all the different types of agreements valid in Brazil to simplify the decision of the procurement team.

Digitalization And Tax-Motivated Income Shifting, Devenni Putri Fau, Lestari Kurniawati

BISNIS & BIROKRASI: Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi dan Organisasi

Numerous studies show that the tax rate difference between parent and subsidiaries as well as among subsidiaries acts as the incentive for income shifting between multinational corporations (MNCs). Digital business models that emerged as an impact of digital transformation may exacerbate income shifting by MNCs. However, empirical studies to support the relation between digital business models and income shifting is still scarce. Thus, this study examined whether Indonesia’s foreign-owned manufacturing companies shift income in respect to its foreign-parent tax rate and if the level of digitalization exacerbates the practice. This study used the income-shifting approach by Hines and Rice (1994) …

How Is The Transfer Pricing Concept “Arm’S Length Principle” Applied In Indonesia?, Maria R.U.D. Tambunan

BISNIS & BIROKRASI: Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi dan Organisasi

The research is aimed at analyzing how the arm’s length principle has been applied to transfer pricing cases in Indonesia. The arm’s length principle has become a global formula used by entities to ascertain that the transaction value has been done in an acceptable manner. The arm’s length principle has also become a fundamental basis in Indonesian tax regulations to assess the fairness of price for transactions undertaken by multinational entitles with their affiliation located outside the Indonesia’s jurisdiction. This research used qualitative approach and qualitative research method. The research shows that the manufacturing entities in Indonesia are mostly contract …

A Primer On The Income Tax Consequences Of The Ncaa’S Name, Image And Likeness (Nil) Earnings For College Athletes, Marena M. Messina, Frank M. Messina

Journal of Athlete Development and Experience

NCAA domestic college athletes can now financially benefit from their name, image, and likeness (NIL). The purpose of this article is to “educate” athletes on the new NIL rules in financial literacy. With new NIL income flowing to athletes, federal income tax consequences of these transactions must be addressed. This article results in a detailed introduction to the applicable federal tax rules regarding NIL income for athletes to stay in compliance with those laws. From understanding NIL income, to how the tax formula works, what tax forms apply, and what taxes may be due, this article provides a comprehensive toolkit …

Evaluating The Effectiveness Of Tax Objection Review In Indonesia’S Tax Authority, Yuli Trisnawati, Siti Nuryanah

Jurnal Akuntansi dan Keuangan Indonesia

An evaluation of the effectiveness of tax objection review by the Directorate General of Taxes (DGT) is required due to the increasing number of tax disputes that continue to litigation and a low winning rate for DGT in tax court (approximately 40%). This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of reviewing tax objections at DGT using Campbell's Effectiveness Theory (1989) with criteria of programs and goals success, program satisfaction, inputs and outputs conformity, and overall goal achievement. This is case study research with a qualitative method presented in a descriptive analysis. Data was collected through documentation, interviews, and satisfaction surveys. …

Biodiversity Disclosure Of Indonesian Companies And The Role Of The Board Of Commissioners, Ahmad Hambali, Desi Adhariani

Jurnal Akuntansi dan Keuangan Indonesia

The environmental damage that occurs on a large scale has an impact on reducing biodiversity. Biodiversity has an important role that is useful for human life and plays a central role in economic development. This condition makes various parties aware of their role in preventing further damage. Companies, whether directly or indirectly, owe a great deal to the environment. This study seeks to examine the role of the Board of Commissioners as proxied by the size of the Board of Commissioners, the proportion of Independent Boards, and the proportion of women on the Board of Commissioners as a corporate governance …

How Do People Justify Not Paying Their Taxes? A Study On Moral Disengagement And Tax Evasion, Grace M. Hufff

Doctor of Business Administration (DBA)

Early studies on the reasons for tax evasion focused on economics. When economic reasons were deemed insufficient to explain all decisions, researchers added psychological and sociological constructs to their explorations. These studies focused on whether taxpayers see their tax compliance decisions as ethical ones. For those who believe their choice is ethical, they must come to grips with their own internal ethical standards and feelings of guilt when they make an unethical decision. They must then employ some mechanism to disconnect these feelings of guilt from their unethical decision. Researchers have characterized this mechanism of disconnection as neutralization, rationalization, and/or …

Transfer Pricing Settlement In Indonesia: A Note For Tax Authority, Tax Court, And Taxpayers Based On The Tax Court Decisions, Maria R.U.D. Tambunan

BISNIS & BIROKRASI: Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi dan Organisasi

Transfer pricing disputes have been quite high and have been considered as an important issue in taxation system in Indonesia. The high level of these disputes should be a common concern, especially to examine how the dispute process occurred and how to resolve it. This study aims to discuss the tax auditor, taxpayer, and tax court judge behavior’s prior to the transfer pricing issue and how to reduce the dispute. This study uses tax court decisions settled year 2015-2019 as the locus of the study. The research uses qualitative approach and qualitative method. The data was collected from the study …

Non-Profit Accounting And Financial Strategies For The Exponential Age, Nathan A. Judd

Honors Projects

This research project was designed to introduce the current state of digital assets with all of its potential risks and rewards within the non-profit business sector. Non-profit organizations receive donations constantly, but what happens when an individual gives a digital asset such as Bitcoin to the non-profit? The answer is quite complicated from an accounting and strategic business approach but will be unpacked and reviewed. Other nonprofit topics included are the exponential network effects for digital assets, official FASB accounting regulation treatments for digital assets, taxation documentation from the IRS regarding digital assets, and potential implementation strategies to consider.

Accounting Case Studies, Virginia Sudduth

Honors Theses

This thesis is a collection of accounting case studies completed during the 2020-2021 academic school year. Each case was assigned and reviewed by Dr. Victoria Dickinson in her honors independent study class. There are twelve cases that comprise this thesis including A Tale of Two Cities, Asset Concepts, Presidential Debate, Excel Course, Taxodus – Playing The Global Tax Avoidance Game, Business Interview, Case Competition – Earnings, Stock Price, and Analysis, and Financial Crisis of 2008. These cases cover a wide variety of topics that allowed me to apply concepts learned in my studies in order to solve complex accounting issues …

Case Studies: A Study Of Accounting Practices And Concepts, Anna Brock

Honors Theses

This accounting thesis includes multiple case studies on the topics of accounting principles, uses, and concepts. Throughout two semesters, research and contemplation have been conducted on various topics relating to accountancy. Case studies were conducted using different methods. Some were completed within a group, and the others were completed on their own. The methods were to reflect and enhance group work and conversation, as the accounting profession is a very social career.

The topics range from ethical decisions to a multiple-week case study performed with peers. The case study took place in the second semester, and I worked on a …

What Is Insurance? An Analysis Of The Tax Deductibility Of Captive Insurance Premiums, John D. Patten

Honors Capstones

What is insurance for the purposes of a tax deduction? The Internal Revenue Code does not define insurance. Without this definition, taxpayers using alternative insurance products to manage their risks must look to case law to determine whether their arrangements count as tax deductible insurance or non-deductible self-insurance. This paper dives into the four prongs of insurance: insurance risk, risk shifting, risk distributing, and commonly accepted notions of insurance. This paper looks to cases that have dealt with the deduction of captive insurance premiums to provide better insight into the practical application of this test. After discussing the evolution of …

Support New Business To Solve Old Problems With Kentucky’S Keystone Waste From Bourbon & Brewing, Samuel C. Kessler

Commonwealth Policy Papers

Provided here is a policy solution from the backside of Kentucky bourbon and brewing to upcycle Kentucky’s “keystone” wastes and grow businesses in the process. Potential effects range from removing the bottleneck on bourbon production and producing GHG-friendly biogas to lowering the price of milk.This full whitepaper brief provides an incentive model for keystone wastes which have a provider and a use. It is equally applicable for policymakers or advocates wishing to place a policy incentive behind waste-to-product upcycling, businesses involved with methane sequestration & renewable biogas energy, and shifting regulatory and penalizing models of pollution into incentive model for …