Voluntary Food Sharing In Pinyon Jays: The Role Of Reciprocity And Dominance,
2016
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Voluntary Food Sharing In Pinyon Jays: The Role Of Reciprocity And Dominance, Juan F. Duque, Jeffrey R. Stevens
Jeffrey Stevens Publications
Food sharing offers a clear example of prosocial behavior, in which one individual’s actions benefit another. Researchers have proposed a range of hypotheses that explain why food sharing may occur among unrelated individuals. Two such hypotheses, reciprocity and dominance, have been tested in many species, including fish, corvids, rats, bats, and primates, showing that (1) recipients sometimes reciprocate sharing back to previous donors and (2) dominant individuals share more than subordinates. Although primates dominate the study of prosocial behavior, active donation of food is actually quite rare in primates. In contrast, several corvid species spontaneously share food much more frequently. …
Quality Of Life And Athletic Participation Assessment In Children And Adolescents With Congenital Heart Disease,
2016
Rollins College
Quality Of Life And Athletic Participation Assessment In Children And Adolescents With Congenital Heart Disease, Kayla Stuckey
Honors Program Theses
Just under 1% of infants are born with a heart defect [congenital heart disease (CHD)], and as a result of treatment and early diagnosis, 85% of these children survive into adulthood. Few studies have investigated the quality of life, global happiness, and athletic participation in pediatric populations, especially with respect to those who have CHD. In 2010, the number of people aged 0-18 years who had CHD was estimated to be between 1,905,000 and 2,102,000, and there are varying qualities of life that these children experience based on disease severity. In addition to patients who are born with CHD, children …
The Domain Specificity Of Intertemporal Choice In Pinyon Jays,
2016
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
The Domain Specificity Of Intertemporal Choice In Pinyon Jays, Jeffrey R. Stevens, Bryce Kennedy, Dina Morales, Marianna Burks
Jeffrey Stevens Publications
When choosing between a piece of cake now versus a slimmer waistline in the future, many of us have difficulty with self-control. Food-caching species, however, regularly hide food for later recovery, sometimes waiting months before retrieving their caches. It remains unclear whether these long-term choices generalize outside of the caching domain. We hypothesized that the ability to save for the future is a general tendency that cuts across different situations. To test this hypothesis, we measured and experimentally manipulated caching to evaluate its relationship with operant measures of self-control in pinyon jays (Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus). We found no correlation …
Music And Memory: A Qualitative Look At How Music Affects Episodic Memory,
2016
University of Central Florida
Music And Memory: A Qualitative Look At How Music Affects Episodic Memory, Jonathan A. Coad
Honors Undergraduate Theses
This study was designed to examine qualitative data regarding gender and age differences about significant life events that are recalled when music is remembered. Two groups of participants were recruited, younger adults (M = 19.78, SD = 4.99) and older adults (M = 49.31, SD = 8.72). Data were collected by creating a survey and allowing participants to choose whichever songs, from their own experience, they like and asking them to list detailed memories that are attached to the song. Using the Linguistic Inquiry Word Count (2015) software, data was coded into categories of word count, positive and negative emotions, …
An Examination Of Individual Differences In The Context Of Performance On A Feedback V. No Feedback Vigilance Task,
2016
University of Central Florida
An Examination Of Individual Differences In The Context Of Performance On A Feedback V. No Feedback Vigilance Task, Jenny A. Walker
Honors Undergraduate Theses
When a task is boring, repetitive, and takes place over a long period of time, individuals have a propensity to experience a gradual decline in performance known as the vigilance decrement (Mackworth, 1948). This negative trend is consistent across most populations (Davies & Parasuraman, 1982), though slight variations can occur based on the characteristics of the task, as well as characteristics of the human performing it. However, despite the many differences between these tasks, most studies are similar in the sense that, more often than not, participants are provided with immediate feedback on their performance throughout most laboratory trials. Yet, …
Sexual Risk Taking Among Young Lgbt Individuals: Examining The Interplay Between Shame Memories And Fears Of Compassion,
2016
Eastern Washington University
Sexual Risk Taking Among Young Lgbt Individuals: Examining The Interplay Between Shame Memories And Fears Of Compassion, Elijah N. Johnson
EWU Masters Thesis Collection
Though there is a growing body of research concerning the impact that shame experiences can have on an individual, there is a paucity of research about what variables may mediate the relationship between central, shameful memories and resulting self-harming behavior. The purpose of this study was to explore fears of compassion as a possible mediator between shame memories and individuals' tendency to engage in risky sexual behavior, with an emphasis upon LGBT individuals, who on average are more likely to experience shaming experiences than non LGBT individuals. I predicted that fears of compassion would significantly strengthen the correlation between central …
911,What's My Emergency? Emotional Labor, Work-Related Rumination, And Strain Outcomes In Emergency Medical Dispatchers,
2016
Minnesota State University Mankato
911,What's My Emergency? Emotional Labor, Work-Related Rumination, And Strain Outcomes In Emergency Medical Dispatchers, Jessica Lee Deselms
All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects
The work of Emergency Medical Dispatchers (EMDs) is filled with a variety of stressors, and one of those being emotional labor. Despite research on emotional labor, few studies have quantitatively examined this construct within EMDs. Compared to the plethora of emotional labor literature that focuses on the display of positive emotions, EMDs are required to suppress or neutralize any negative reactions they may experience. Hence, this study was concerned with the further examination of emotional labor, physical health outcomes, burnout, and job satisfaction in a unique population. Additionally, the construct of work-related rumination is in its infancy. It can be …
The Impact Of Pornography On The Genital Body Image And Sexual Self-Efficacy Of Female College Students,
2016
Minnesota State University Mankato
The Impact Of Pornography On The Genital Body Image And Sexual Self-Efficacy Of Female College Students, Monica Elizondo
All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects
Given its accessibility and growth in the past decade, internet pornography appears to be influencing the sexual scripts of young adults. That is, sexual expectations and behaviors are likely to be impacted by the consumption of online sexually explicit material. Pornography research documents more harmful effects (e.g., lower body image) in women viewing pornography compared to men (Albright, 2008). This experimental study aimed to explore the effects exposure to online sexually explicit material would have on the genital body image and sexual self-efficacy of 90 college women randomly assigned to three exposure conditions. Results indicated that group membership did not …
Bridging The Latino Achievement Gap: The Importance Of Interpreters In Schools,
2016
University of Kentucky
Bridging The Latino Achievement Gap: The Importance Of Interpreters In Schools, Rachel R. Williams
Lewis Honors College Capstone Collection
Previous research has demonstrated that a significant gap exists in the levels academic achievement between Latino immigrant students and non-immigrant students. This study analyzed data collected from a series of self-report measures given to 64 Latino-immigrant and their parents. The present study presented a hypothesized moderated mediation model between parental language fluency, parental involvement, and student academic outcomes. Though this relationship was not verified with the data from the present study, a correlation was found between parental language fluency and a variety of factors regarding parental involvement in students’ academic lives. These factors include parent-teacher interactions, monitoring, and homework. A …
Ethnic And Gender Differences In Strategies Used By Adolescents When Attempting To Quit Or Reduce Smoking,
2016
University of Memphis
Ethnic And Gender Differences In Strategies Used By Adolescents When Attempting To Quit Or Reduce Smoking, Ali M. Yurasek, Leslie A. Robinson, Gilbert R. Parra
Department of Child, Youth, and Family Studies: Faculty Publications
Few adolescent smoking cessation programs have been able to match the success rate found in adult programs. The current study identified smoking cessation strategies used by adolescents and whether strategies differed as a function of ethnic, gender, or individual smoking-level. Participants were 136 high school students who made an attempt to quit or reduce their smoking. Logistic regressions revealed that individuals making an actual quit attempt and African American adolescents used cessation strategies presumed to be more effective. Adolescents are more likely to use informal cessation methods and may need to be provided with more information on effective quit strategies.
Exploring The Conceptual Overlap Of The Cognitive And Affective Theories Of Suicide,
2016
Eastern Washington University
Exploring The Conceptual Overlap Of The Cognitive And Affective Theories Of Suicide, Leo D. Debroeck
EWU Masters Thesis Collection
"To be able to help those contemplating suicide, the first step is to understand why people die by suicide. The cognitive theory of depression and the affective theory of psychache answer that question differently. Specifically, although they may have different parts in their theoretical systems, many of those parts overlap conceptually. The purpose of this study was to find if the two theories could be combined to create a more holistic theory between them. The application of each theory's aspects, in the form of standardized scales administered online to 427 college students, accounts for the nearly the same amount of …
Financial Decision-Making And The Normalization Of Deviance,
2016
University of Texas at El Paso
Financial Decision-Making And The Normalization Of Deviance, Dilata Ranadive
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Two perspectives have dominated the discourse on the causes of the financial crisis of 2008. The first attributes the financial crisis to intentionally malevolent behaviors, whereas the second attributes it to the natural market fluctuations. However, there is still a third, possible perspective. While the first two perspectives focus on the intention of the actors, the third perspective focuses on the response of the observers. This is what Vaughan (1996) refers to as "normalization of deviance". In normalization of deviance actions or decisions that are initially regarded as aberrant or atypical are re-conceptualized and adopted as the new criterion. The …
Cognitive And Behavioral Mechanisms Underlying Alcohol-Induced Risky Driving,
2016
University of Kentucky
Cognitive And Behavioral Mechanisms Underlying Alcohol-Induced Risky Driving, Jennifer R. Laude
Theses and Dissertations--Psychology
Alcohol intoxication represents one situation an individual might increase their amount of risk taking when driving. This dissertation is comprised of three studies that investigate the mechanisms by which alcohol increases driver risk-taking. Study 1 examined the effect of alcohol on driver risk-taking using a proxemics approach. The study also tested whether alcohol-induced increases in risky driving co-occurred with pronounced impairment in the driver’s skill. The study also examined whether the most disinhibited drivers were also the riskiest. Indeed, alcohol increased driver risk-taking and impaired driving skill. The study also revealed risky driving can be dissociable from impairing effects on …
Are The Brain And The Mind One? Neuromarketing And How Consumers Make Decisions,
2016
Colby College
Are The Brain And The Mind One? Neuromarketing And How Consumers Make Decisions, Emily Glaenzer
Honors Theses
Neuromarketing utilizes brain-imaging technology, such as electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) machines, to understand consumers’ neurological responses to marketing stimuli. In this paper, I demonstrate how neuromarketing connects to the history of subliminal messaging and our current neuro-obsessed culture (neuroculture). These factors affect how critics view neuromarketing and the implications involved for the future of this study. I hypothesize that, when used correctly, neuromarketing can initiate a new section of the marketing world that will serve as a useful component to more traditional marketing practices. By taking away social bias and inaccurate answers present in market research, …
The Empty Chair Appointment,
2016
Jacksonville State University
The Empty Chair Appointment, Jody Long, Ken Sakauye, Khaja Chisty, John Upton
Research, Publications & Creative Work
The objective was to test an intervention to reduce failed rates for psychiatric appointments. We collected data for this study of the characteristics of patients who missed appointments from March 2011 through September 2012. A phone triage assessment intervention was implemented to address chronic first-time failed attendance appointments (N = 78). The main reason for failed appointments was transportation difficulties. The first-time appointment show rate increased after implementing an assessment intervention. Phone assessment intervention was practical and may improve nonattendance for psychiatric appointments. The discussion reflects speculations about causes and possible measures to make services more accessible.
Workplace Aggression, Safety Performance, And Safety Outcomes, Mediated By Burnout And Moderated By Psychological Capital (Psycap),
2016
Wayne State University
Workplace Aggression, Safety Performance, And Safety Outcomes, Mediated By Burnout And Moderated By Psychological Capital (Psycap), Daniel Wiegert
Wayne State University Theses
The Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that in 2013, there were over four thousand work-related fatalities and over 1.1 million workplace accidents, with a cost to organizations due to these losses estimated to be over 2 billion dollars. The purpose of the current study is to identify workplace aggression as an antecedent of safety behaviors (i.e., safety performance and workplace accidents and injuries (i.e., safety outcomes), along with burnout as a mediator. Additionally, Psychological Capital (PsyCap) was proposed as a moderator (buffer) of the hypothesized mediational relationships. The Job Demands-Resources Model Conservation of Resources, and Lazarus and Folkman’s (1987) Transactional …
The Moral Psychology Of Copyright Infringement,
2016
Duke Law School
The Moral Psychology Of Copyright Infringement, Christopher Buccafusco, David Fagundes
Faculty Articles
This Article presents a novel view of the complex moral psychology of infringement. It does so both to complement extant critiques of copyright’s incentivist story and to provide a realistic account of owners’ motivations for infringement on which a more effective copyright regime may be built. We elaborate these claims as follows. Part I highlights the contrast between the robust critiques of copyright’s theory of creation and the paucity of attention to its theory of litigation, and illustrates the social costs produced by increasingly common infringement suits animated by nonfinancial concerns. Part II develops a psychology of infringement, rooted in …
Authoritariansim And Collectivism: Antecedents And Consequences Among College Students,
2016
University of Central Florida
Authoritariansim And Collectivism: Antecedents And Consequences Among College Students, Jasmine Samuel Ms.
Honors Undergraduate Theses
Moral Foundations Theory (MFT) suggests there are five distinct moral dimensions, which define morality as a whole. MFT can be broken down into two groups binding: in group/loyalty, authority/respect, and purity/sanctity-which encompass group morality. Harm/Care, fairness/reciprocity are individualizing dimensions, which highlight individual morality. Recent work has found MFT predicts sociopolitical ideologies, as well as sociopolitical attitudes. In an effort to better understand the existing relationships we investigate MFT as a predictor of sociopolitical parties, and attitudes Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) and Social Dominance Orientation (SDO). We also draw on similarities between Individualism/Collectivism and MFT. Specifically we demonstrate individualizing foundations, and dimensions …
Evaluation Of A Diabetes Self-Management Program For Hispanics In Lexington Kentucky: A Pilot Study,
2016
University of Kentucky
Evaluation Of A Diabetes Self-Management Program For Hispanics In Lexington Kentucky: A Pilot Study, Miguel A. Gamboa Oropeza
Theses and Dissertations--Nutrition and Food Systems
Hispanics are more affected by diabetes than non-Hispanic whites and they tend to experience more severe complications. Research shows that although self-management is poor among ethnic minorities, it is even more so among Hispanics. The “Taking Ownership of Your Diabetes” (TOYD) program has been shown to be successful in helping individuals manage their diabetes. However, no work has been conducted with Hispanic audiences in Kentucky. TOYD program allows individuals to modify lifestyle risks and solve problems related to diabetes management. The program was translated from English to Spanish. Hispanics males and females between ages 19 to 75 years …
Physical Challenges In Forensics: An Autoethnography Advocating For Accommodations On Behalf Of Speakers With Physical Challenges In Competitive Speech Environments,
2016
Minnesota State University Mankato
Physical Challenges In Forensics: An Autoethnography Advocating For Accommodations On Behalf Of Speakers With Physical Challenges In Competitive Speech Environments, Elise Mccauley Row
All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects
The realm of competitive forensics is filled with challenges including written and unwritten rules and norms, multiple categories with different guidelines for each, a distinct culture only people intimately connected with the activity can navigate without conscious effort, and a basic knowledge of the ever-changing world of communication. For competitors who struggle with physical disabilities, the challenges are beyond daunting. Using the method of autoethnography, this paper investigates how students with physical challenges can successfully participate through accommodation and how speech coaches can advocate for their physically-disabled speakers and request and implement the best accommodations.
