Music And Its Effects On The Brain,
2021
The University of Akron
Music And Its Effects On The Brain, Caitlyn Herron
Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects
This paper will discuss, in short, how music influences our brain, as well as some behavioral and physiological effects as a result. The brain consists of many regions responsible for different cognitive processes, such as learning, memory, recall, speech, and our emotions. It has been found that music helps to facilitate all of these cognitive processes, regardless of its emotional valence or whether the music is active or passive, such as singing or listening to it, respectively. It was discovered that music influences our ability to learn novel concepts related to mathematics, reading, and even language acquisition. It was also …
To Examine The Effects Of Exercise & Instructional Based Interventions On Executive Functioning, Motor Learning & Emotional Intelligence Abilities Among Older Adults,
2021
Michigan Technological University
To Examine The Effects Of Exercise & Instructional Based Interventions On Executive Functioning, Motor Learning & Emotional Intelligence Abilities Among Older Adults, Lavanya Rajesh Kumar
Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports
Motor skills are a vital part of our life, and there might be situations where we will be required to either learn a new skill or relearn a known one. We examined the effectiveness of two different interventions - eccentric exercise and motivation-based instructions on enhancing the ability of older adults to learn a novel motor skill. Exercise intervention studies have shown that as little as 12 weeks of exercise can lead to improvements in both physical fitness and cognitive function in older adults, particularly executive control. But it is still unclear whether those improvements translate to improvements in other …
Coping With Covid‑19: An Examination Of The Role Of (Non)
Religiousness/(Non)Spirituality,
2021
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Coping With Covid‑19: An Examination Of The Role Of (Non) Religiousness/(Non)Spirituality, Dena Abbott, Andrew S. Franks
Department of Educational Psychology: Faculty Publications
Psychological distress and coping strategies employed during collective trauma events may vary for theists and atheists, as well as others along the (non)religious spectrum. The present study explored these differences via data collected from a US-based sample during the COVID-19 pandemic. Statistical models suggested relationships between maladaptive coping and distress for all participants and potential differences in coping and, in turn, distress between participants high and low in institutional religiousness and individual spirituality. Additionally, all participants, though especially nonreligious participants, appeared less able to engage in adaptive emotion-focused coping strategies. Implications for future research are provided.
Psychotherapy With Nonreligious Clients: A Relational-Cultural Approach,
2021
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Psychotherapy With Nonreligious Clients: A Relational-Cultural Approach, Dena M. Abbott
Department of Educational Psychology: Faculty Publications
In extant literature related to the integration of religion/spirituality (R/S) in psychotherapy, nonreligious clients are often excluded or briefly mentioned. Further, few theoretical frameworks supporting recommendations for intervention with or for conceptualization of nonreligious clients’ unique experiences and presenting concerns are offered. The present article summarizes psychotherapy-relevant scholarship related to nonreligious people in the United States and offers recommendations for intervention using a Relational-Cultural Therapy approach. In addition to increasing awareness of systemic oppression, resilience, and potential clinical needs of nonreligious clients, the article proposes concrete strategies for addressing structural inequity that disadvantages nonreligious people through conceptualization of such experiences …
Excluder: An R Package That Checks For Exclusion Criteria In Online Data,
2021
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Excluder: An R Package That Checks For Exclusion Criteria In Online Data, Jeffrey R. Stevens
Jeffrey Stevens Publications
Collecting survey data online can result in low-quality data. Survey participants may not complete the survey, may complete the survey too quickly or slowly, may not reside in the country they claim, or may use unacceptable screen types. Also, online surveys are plagued by automated bots attempting to complete the surveys while offering worthless data. Researchers collecting online data may want to check their data for these and other potential criteria to exclude problematic data entries. The excluder package uses three main function types to mark, check, and exclude data based on seven different exclusion criteria.
Improving Measurements Of Similarity Judgments With Machine-Learning Algorithms,
2021
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Improving Measurements Of Similarity Judgments With Machine-Learning Algorithms, Jeffrey R. Stevens, Alexis Polzkill Saltzman, Tanner Rasmussen, Leen-Kiat Soh
Jeffrey Stevens Publications
Intertemporal choices involve assessing options with different reward amounts available at different time delays. The similarity approach to intertemporal choice focuses on judging how similar amounts and delays are. Yet we do not fully understand the cognitive process of how these judgments are made. Here, we use machine-learning algorithms to predict similarity judgments to (1) investigate which algorithms best predict these judgments, (2) assess which predictors are most useful in predicting participants’ judgments, and (3) determine the minimum number of judgments required to accurately predict future judgments. We applied eight algorithms to similarity judgments for reward amount and time delay …
Exercise Shifts Hypothetical Food Choices Toward Greater
Amounts And More Immediate Consumption,
2021
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Exercise Shifts Hypothetical Food Choices Toward Greater Amounts And More Immediate Consumption, Karsten Koehler, Safiya E. Beckford, Elise Thayer, Alexandra R. Martin, Julie B. Boron, Jeffrey R. Stevens
Jeffrey Stevens Publications
Although exercise modulates appetite regulation and food intake, it remains poorly understood how exercise impacts decision-making about food. The purpose of the present study was to assess the impact of an acute exercise bout on hypothetical choices related to the amount and timing of food intake. Forty-one healthy participants (22.0 ± 2.6 years; 23.7 ± 2.5 kg/m 2 , 56% female) completed 45 min of aerobic exercise and a resting control condition in randomized order. Food amount preferences and intertemporal food preferences (preference for immediate vs. delayed consumption) were assessed using electronic questionnaires with visual food cues. Compared to rest, …
Investigating The Use Of Mental-State Talk In Parent-Child Joint Reminiscing And Storytelling On Children’S Source Monitoring,
2021
Wilfrid Laurier University
Investigating The Use Of Mental-State Talk In Parent-Child Joint Reminiscing And Storytelling On Children’S Source Monitoring, Holly Autumn Nelson
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Source monitoring is the process of identifying and analyzing sources of information (Johnson et al., 1993). The ability to monitor source improves with age which places children at a greater risk for blending and misattributing information from different sources. Experiencing source confusions has academic, legal, and social implications, and thus understanding how source monitoring develops is important. Research exploring factors that impact source monitoring have predominantly focused on maturational aspects such as at which ages children learn to monitor source and neurological factors such as executive functioning. However, the impact of age and executive functioning may vary across the type …
Investigating The Inhibition Of The Return Of Attention In The Tactile Domain,
2021
Wilfrid Laurier University
Investigating The Inhibition Of The Return Of Attention In The Tactile Domain, Robert Plax
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Purpose: The time-course needed to elicit tactile inhibition of return (IOR) has not been well-defined due to the paucity of research in this area especially studies investigating spatial discrimination. Reportedly tactile IOR uses higher-order mental representations to orient attention spatially yet the properties of low-level dermatomal maps may better account for how IOR orients tactile attention in space although its contribution is unclear. The present study sought to establish a time-course that evokes IOR in a unimodal tactile spatial discrimination task and decouples the contribution of the dermatome from higher-order representations. Methods: Two conditions containing distinct tactile cue-target paradigms designed …
Mood Judgments And Memory For Tunes: A Special Case Of Levels Of Processing?,
2021
Bucknell University
Mood Judgments And Memory For Tunes: A Special Case Of Levels Of Processing?, Andrea R. Halpern, Esra Mungan, Zehra F. Peynircioğlu
Faculty Journal Articles
Although levels of processing (LOP) effects are well-established in memory research, beneficial effects of “deep” orienting tasks have rarely been reported in studies of tune memory. Our prior work implicated mood judgments as one candidate for a beneficial orienting task. The current series explored both the robustness and potential explanations for that enhancement. In four experiments, we varied type of processing tasks (including mood and other putatively deep/conceptual and shallow/ perceptual tasks) and the familiarity of the tunes in a recognition paradigm, which included “remember/know” judgments. Experiment 1, with low-familiarity tunes, revealed a LOP effect for two conceptual (mood, continuation) …
How To Improve Dynamic Decision Making: Evaluation Of A Brief Training Program On Human Error,
2021
University of North Florida
How To Improve Dynamic Decision Making: Evaluation Of A Brief Training Program On Human Error, Yoannis Hermida
UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Current work environments require leaders to make effective and sound decisions in unpredictable situations. How can leaders improve their dynamic decision-making (DDM) skills? The current studies explored the effects of a training program on improving DDM in two computer-simulated tasks with different task characteristics. This study was comprised of two experiments. The first experiment included 83 undergraduate students who independently managed a computer simulated chocolate factory (ChocoFine). The second experiment included 111 students who played the role of a fire rescue chief overseeing a forest fire (WinFire). Half of the participants in each simulation group received a brief training on …
Two Modes Of Game-Based Learning For Middle School Mathematics,
2021
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Two Modes Of Game-Based Learning For Middle School Mathematics, Micah Stohlmann
Teaching and Learning Faculty Research
Game-based learning has received more focus as a way to engage students and increase interest in mathematics. Game-based learning should be integrated with effective practices for teaching mathematics, though these is a need for further research on effective implementation models. The purpose of this article is to describe two modes of game-based learning that are aligned with National Council of Teachers of Mathematics effective practices for teaching mathematics including multiple representation and meaningful discourse. Examples will be discussed from the implementation of game-based learning in a Saturday Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) program for middle school students offered at …
Handicraft Art Leisure Activities And Cognitive Reserve,
2021
University of Montana, Missoula
Handicraft Art Leisure Activities And Cognitive Reserve, Genna Mashinchi
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
With increasing age, older individuals face a higher likelihood of developing dementia. The rate of cognitive decline resulting from dementia is not equivalent for all, as some patients with dementia are able to function independently longer than others, despite having similar disease burden. The cognitive reserve (CR) theory provides one explanation for the differing rate of decline. CR suggests that there are factors — most notably, educational and occupational attainment — that can protect against the cognitive decline that is a hallmark of dementia. Although the beneficial effects of these notable CR factors are clear, they may not be modifiable. …
Effect Of Short-Storage Hrgcs On Driver Decision Behavior And Safety Concerns: Real-World Analysis And Experimental Evidence,
2021
Michigan Technological University
Effect Of Short-Storage Hrgcs On Driver Decision Behavior And Safety Concerns: Real-World Analysis And Experimental Evidence, Anne Linja
Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports
Vehicle-train collisions at highway-rail grade crossings (HRGCs) continue to be a safety concern, and despite improvements in warnings, many of these incidents are attributed to human error. In some cases, distractions other than railroad traffic, such as HRGCs with limited space between the railroad tracks and the highway intersection, may create additional cognitive burdens for drivers. We investigated the effect of HRGC type (short-storage vs. non-short storage) on driver attention and decision-making in two studies. In Study 1, we systematically analyzed 996 incidents from 2017-2019 from the Federal Railroad Administration’s Safety database. Driver decision making and outcomes were different depending …
Rapid Golgi Stain For Dendritic Spine Visualization In Hippocampus And Prefrontal Cortex,
2021
Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine
Rapid Golgi Stain For Dendritic Spine Visualization In Hippocampus And Prefrontal Cortex, Maya Frankfurt, Rachel E. Bowman
Psychology Faculty Publications
Golgi impregnation, using the Golgi staining kit with minor adaptations, is used to impregnate dendritic spines in the rat hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex. This technique is a marked improvement over previous methods of Golgi impregnation because the premixed chemicals are safer to use, neurons are consistently well impregnated, there is far less background debris, and for a given region, there are extremely small deviations in spine density between experiments. Moreover, brains can be accumulated after a certain point and kept frozen until further processing. Using this method any brain region of interest can be studied. Once stained and cover …
Third Culture Kids - Playing To Heal,
2021
Virginia Commonwealth University
Third Culture Kids - Playing To Heal, Amna Sana
Theses and Dissertations
With increased globalization and a large expat population, Qatar is home to increasing numbers of Third Culture Kids (TCKs). TCKs are children who live in a country where their parents are non-native, children who grow up between cultures. Young TCKs, especially children between the ages of three and seven, do not possess the skills to adequately vocalize their feelings, but fortunately, play therapy allows them to articulate problems and feelings on their own terms. This thesis addresses the emotional hurdles facing TCKs, using concepts derived from play therapy and offering a series of interactive objects designed to reflect emotional expression …
The Role Of Memory-Based Processing And Coherence Building In Retrieval Interference,
2021
Northern Illinois University
The Role Of Memory-Based Processing And Coherence Building In Retrieval Interference, Ryan D. Kopatich
Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations
Characters in narratives often behave in ways that are inconsistent with their beliefs, values, and previous actions. What effect do these contradictions have on a reader’s memory of character’s prior beliefs? One model, the Knowledge Revision Components framework (KReC) argues that a passive memory-based process is responsible for reducing access to information that is no longer true (e.g., when a character who is afraid of heights gets help facing her fears, it is harder to recall that she was afraid of heights). This possibility is called the general interference hypothesis. Subsequent research on KReC has shown that this process only …
Exploring The Causal Role Of Inferences Elicited By Accompanying Text In Aesthetic Experiences,
2021
Northern Illinois University
Exploring The Causal Role Of Inferences Elicited By Accompanying Text In Aesthetic Experiences, Christian C. Steciuch
Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations
Appreciating paintings has been shown to be partly based on the viewer’s knowledge of the artwork. One technique that provides background knowledge to viewers is through text that is shown alongside artwork. Knowledge of the artwork can also arise from inferential processes regarding the artwork. Relatively little research has explored the role of accompanying text and inferential processes on aesthetic responses. The current study assessed the causal role of accompanying text and inference-making across cognitive (e.g., understanding) and emotional (e.g., positive affect) aesthetic responses. It was hypothesized that aesthetic responses would increase with the amount of accompanying text paired with …
The Effect Of Test Difficulty On Perceived Memory Performance,
2021
University of Montana
The Effect Of Test Difficulty On Perceived Memory Performance, Phoebe S. Bean
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Neuropsychological testing is a critical element of the assessment and treatment of a host of neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer’s Disease, stroke, and traumatic brain injury. Certain non-neurological variables may also affect an individual’s test performance. Such secondary factors may include current psychiatric issues, chronic pain, sleep, and the effort put forth during testing. Little is known, however, about the effect the testing process itself has on people’s actual and perceived cognitive abilities. For example, the process of undergoing memory testing may, through a variety of mechanisms, influence memory performance and impact the person such that their view of their …
Examining The Impact Of Mental Health Education On Bias And Stigma In Cit Trained Officers,
2021
Walden University
Examining The Impact Of Mental Health Education On Bias And Stigma In Cit Trained Officers, Jennifer L. Krause
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
The purpose of this quantitative, correlational nonexperimental research was to examine the relationship between the mental health education received through Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) training and the perceptions of public mental health stigma, self-stigma, and attitudes toward seeking mental health services among law enforcement officers. The study’s theoretical framework integrated gender-role conflict theory and Goffman’s stigma theory in explaining the influence of the police culture on officers’ adoption of more traditional masculine roles. This research used three instruments: the Attitudes to Mental Illness questionnaire to measure perceptions of public stigma, the Self-Stigma of Seeking Help Scale to measure self-stigma, and …
