Does Crowding Obscure The Presence Of Attentional Guidance In Contextual Cueing?,
2011
University of South Florida
Does Crowding Obscure The Presence Of Attentional Guidance In Contextual Cueing?, Steven William Fiske
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
The contextual cueing effect was initially thought to be the product of memory guiding attention to the target location. However, the steep search slopes obtained in contextual cueing indicate an absence of attentional guidance. We hypothesized that crowding could be obscuring the presence of attentional guidance and investigated this possibility in 2 experiments. Crowding was manipulated by varying the density of items in the local target region in a contextual cueing task. We observed a significant reduction in search slopes between the novel and repeated conditions when crowding was reduced. Enhancing crowding eliminated the contextual cueing effect. These findings suggest …
General Recognition Theory Extended To Include Response Times: Predictions For A Class Of Parallel Systems,
2011
Wright State University - Main Campus
General Recognition Theory Extended To Include Response Times: Predictions For A Class Of Parallel Systems, Joseph W. Houpt, James T. Townsend, Noah H. Silbert
Psychology Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
A Statistical Test For The Capacity Coefficient,
2011
Wright State University - Main Campus
A Statistical Test For The Capacity Coefficient, Joseph W. Houpt, James T. Townsend
Psychology Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
From Deep Space 9 To The Gamma Quadrant!,
2011
Wright State University - Main Campus
From Deep Space 9 To The Gamma Quadrant!, James T. Townsend, Joseph W. Houpt
Psychology Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
The Effects Of Eye Gaze Based Control On Operator Performance In Monitoring Multiple Displays,
2011
Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
The Effects Of Eye Gaze Based Control On Operator Performance In Monitoring Multiple Displays, Allison Popola
Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses
This study investigated the utility and efficacy of using eye tracking technology as a method for selecting control of a camera within a multiple display configuration. A task analysis with a Keystroke-Level-Model (KLM) was conducted to acquire an estimated time for switching between cameras. KLM estimates suggest that response times are faster using an eye tracker than manual control -indicating a time savings. To confirm these estimates, and test other hypotheses a 2 × 2 within-subjects factorial design was used to examine the effects of Control (Using an eye tracker, or manual) under different Task Loads (Low, High). Dependent variables …
Where Does The Buck Stop? Applying Attribution Theory To Examine Public Appraisals Of The President,
2011
University of Texas at El Paso
Where Does The Buck Stop? Applying Attribution Theory To Examine Public Appraisals Of The President, Cigdem Sirin, José Villalobos
Selected Works Temporary Series
This study applies attribution theory to examine public appraisals of the president. To date, most political science research on attribution theory has focused on domestic policy and no work has considered both domestic and foreign policy domains in tandem. To fill this gap, we formulate and experimentally test a series of hypotheses regarding the level of responsibility and credit/blame that individuals attribute to the president in both policy domains across varying policy conditions. We also consider how party compatibility affects people’s attribution judgments. Our findings provide a new contribution to the literature on political attributions, executive accountability, and public perceptions …
Where Does The Buck Stop? Applying Attribution Theory To Examine Public Appraisals Of The President,
2011
University of Texas at El Paso
Where Does The Buck Stop? Applying Attribution Theory To Examine Public Appraisals Of The President, Cigdem Sirin, José Villalobos
Departmental Papers (PS)
This study applies attribution theory to examine public appraisals of the president. To date, most political science research on attribution theory has focused on domestic policy and no work has considered both domestic and foreign policy domains in tandem. To fill this gap, we formulate and experimentally test a series of hypotheses regarding the level of responsibility and credit/blame that individuals attribute to the president in both policy domains across varying policy conditions. We also consider how party compatibility affects people’s attribution judgments. Our findings provide a new contribution to the literature on political attributions, executive accountability, and public perceptions …
An Extension Of Sic Predictions To The Wiener Coactive Model,
2011
Wright State University - Main Campus
An Extension Of Sic Predictions To The Wiener Coactive Model, Joseph W. Houpt, James T. Townsend
Psychology Faculty Publications
The survivor interaction contrasts (SIC) is a powerful measure for distinguishing among candidate models of human information processing. One class of models to which SIC analysis can apply are the coactive, or channel summation, models of human information processing. In general, parametric forms of coactive models assume that responses are made based on the first passage time across a fixed threshold of a sum of stochastic processes. Previous work has shown that the SIC for a coactive model based on the sum of Poisson processes has a distinctive down--up--down form, with an early negative region that is smaller than the …
What Do You Expect? : An Investigation Of How Caffeine Expectancies Affect College Students' Cognitive Performances,
2011
Butler University
What Do You Expect? : An Investigation Of How Caffeine Expectancies Affect College Students' Cognitive Performances, Katie Alyse Berg
Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection
Caffeine use is common, but few studies have examined how the expectancies that people hold about caffeine relate to the effects they experience after consuming it. My study examined how typical caffeine consumption and students' expectancies about how caffeine generally affects them influence their decisions about caffeine use as well as their performance on memory and attention tests. I hypothesized that expectations about how caffeine affects students would interact with their beliefs about how much caffeine they had consumed to impact performance on tests of attention and memory. Undergraduate students were divided into four groups: high consumption and high expectancy, …
Positive Affect During Goal Adoption : Why Happiness Breeds Success,
2011
Butler University
Positive Affect During Goal Adoption : Why Happiness Breeds Success, Katherine Wainwright
Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection
Prior research has shown that positive affect helps individuals to achieve their goals. typically by energizing individuals' performance during goal pursuit. However, questions remain as to whether other mechanisms might exist by which positive affect could facilitate success. Specifically, researchers have yet to address the role that positive affect might play during the process of goal adoption. In the current study, I examined whether positive affect experienced at the time of goal adoption facilitates goal achievement. Participants were induced into either a positive or neutral affective state by watching a video clip. They were also asked to adopt the goal …
The Effects Of A Brief Mindfulness Intervention On Impulsivity In College Students,
2011
Butler University
The Effects Of A Brief Mindfulness Intervention On Impulsivity In College Students, Myles Elgin Trapp
Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection
This study investigated the impact of a brief, introductory mindfulness intervention on attention, executive control, and impulsivity. I randomly assigned forty-seven undergraduate students to a treatment group (TG) receiving mindfulness training and a waiting list control group (WLG). Participants completed a battery of self-report questionnaires and standardized neuropsychological tests before and after the intervention. Participants high in trait mindfulness suffered less interference on a Stroop task, were less impulsive on the Balloon Analogue Risk Task, but also evidenced less cognitive flexibility on a dual fluency test at baseline. The TG demonstrated greater improvement than the WLG from baseline to re-test …
Language-Specific Tuning Of Audiovisual Integration In Early Development,
2011
University of Connecticut - Storrs
Language-Specific Tuning Of Audiovisual Integration In Early Development, Juliana Flynn
Honors Scholar Theses
According to the perceptual narrowing hypothesis, older infants look longer towards speech in a native language than towards a non-native language. We presented speech in English, Spanish, and mis-matched English and Spanish speech, and recorded looking-time towards the speech. Results suggest that the synchrony of speech plays a strong role in infants' attention to speech, whereas nativeness of language does not.
Is It Cohesion Or Diversion? Domestic Instability And The Use Of Force In International Crises,
2011
University of Texas at El Paso
Is It Cohesion Or Diversion? Domestic Instability And The Use Of Force In International Crises, Cigdem Sirin
Selected Works Temporary Series
This study asserts that cohesionary—rather than diversionary—motives primarily influence the propensity of political leaders to use external force in international crises in times of domestic turmoil. Specifically, I contend that mass violence leads political leaders to engage in cohesionary tactics to achieve and maintain social order in their country for political survival. Employing random effects probit analyses with International Crisis Behavior (ICB) data for one-hundred and thirty-nine countries from 1918 to 2005, I find that increased mass violence is more likely than other forms of domestic problems (be it an economic downturn or government instability) to instigate the external use …
Scarcity-Induced Domestic Conflict: Examining The Interactive Effects Of Environmental Scarcity And ‘Ethnic’ Population Pressures,
2011
University of Texas at El Paso
Scarcity-Induced Domestic Conflict: Examining The Interactive Effects Of Environmental Scarcity And ‘Ethnic’ Population Pressures, Cigdem Sirin
Selected Works Temporary Series
This study argues that environmental scarcity is more likely to result in civil conflict in countries that experience ‘ethnic’ population pressures (i.e. where the size of the largest minority group is close to parity with the majority group). I refer to this argument as the ‘parity-threat’ approach to the study of scarcity-induced domestic conflict. I empirically test my argument by analysing time-series cross-section data for the period 1979–2000 using four alternative environmental indicators: (1) ecological footprint, (2) biocapacity, (3) scarcity of ecological reserves and (4) water scarcity. The results demonstrate that environmental scarcity increases the probability of civil conflict when …
Is It Cohesion Or Diversion? Domestic Instability And The Use Of Force In International Crises,
2011
University of Texas at El Paso
Is It Cohesion Or Diversion? Domestic Instability And The Use Of Force In International Crises, Cigdem Sirin
Departmental Papers (PS)
This study asserts that cohesionary—rather than diversionary—motives primarily influence the propensity of political leaders to use external force in international crises in times of domestic turmoil. Specifically, I contend that mass violence leads political leaders to engage in cohesionary tactics to achieve and maintain social order in their country for political survival. Employing random effects probit analyses with International Crisis Behavior (ICB) data for one-hundred and thirty-nine countries from 1918 to 2005, I find that increased mass violence is more likely than other forms of domestic problems (be it an economic downturn or government instability) to instigate the external use …
Development Of The Negative Attentional Bias During Exercise Measure And The Rumination And Escape Thoughts Measure,
2011
Western Kentucky University
Development Of The Negative Attentional Bias During Exercise Measure And The Rumination And Escape Thoughts Measure, Katie M. Brown
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
The primary purpose of this study was to develop a measure to assess negative attentional bias toward changes in bodily sensations during exercise and to examine the reliability and validity of that measure. A secondary purpose was to develop a measure to assess tendencies toward rumination about the changes in bodily sensations and tendencies to have escape thoughts with regard to the exercise bout. While global measures of anxiety, rumination, and escape thoughts already exist, the advantage of these newly developed measures is that they are context specific to exercise. Participants in this study consisted of 329 undergraduate students. The …
Scarcity-Induced Domestic Conflict: Examining The Interactive Effects Of Environmental Scarcity And ‘Ethnic’ Population Pressures,
2011
University of Texas at El Paso
Scarcity-Induced Domestic Conflict: Examining The Interactive Effects Of Environmental Scarcity And ‘Ethnic’ Population Pressures, Cigdem Sirin
Departmental Papers (PS)
This study argues that environmental scarcity is more likely to result in civil conflict in countries that experience ‘ethnic’ population pressures (i.e. where the size of the largest minority group is close to parity with the majority group). I refer to this argument as the ‘parity-threat’ approach to the study of scarcity-induced domestic conflict. I empirically test my argument by analysing time-series cross-section data for the period 1979–2000 using four alternative environmental indicators: (1) ecological footprint, (2) biocapacity, (3) scarcity of ecological reserves and (4) water scarcity. The results demonstrate that environmental scarcity increases the probability of civil conflict when …
The Creative Coach: Exploring The Synergies Between Creative Problem Solving: Thinking Skills Model And Non-Directive Coaching,
2011
M.S. Candidate at Buffalo State College
The Creative Coach: Exploring The Synergies Between Creative Problem Solving: Thinking Skills Model And Non-Directive Coaching, Trevor J. Mcalpine
Creativity and Change Leadership Graduate Student Master's Projects
This project looks at the similarities and differences between the most recent version of Creative Problem Solving called Creative Problem Solving: Thinking Skills Model and the approach to coaching known as Non-Directive Coaching. Creativity practitioners are challenged to find opportunities of engaging in formal full-blown, group-based Creative Problem Solving sessions. There is a need to find other, less formal ways of helping people use their creativity. The Thinking Skills Model’s design allows it to mesh with the creative process in other content areas by making the basic concepts of Creative Problem Solving transferable to those other contexts. Non-Directive Coaching …
Cognitive Load Of Critical Thinking Strategies,
2011
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Cognitive Load Of Critical Thinking Strategies, Hanem Shehab
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Critical thinking is important for today's life, where individuals daily face unlimited amounts of information, complex problems, and rapid technological and social changes. Therefore, critical thinking should be the focus of general education and educators' efforts (Angeli & Valanides, 2009; Oliver & Utermohlen, 1995). Despite passively agreeing or disagreeing with a line of reasoning, critical thinkers use analytical skills to comprehend and evaluate its merits, considering strengths and weaknesses. Critical thinkers also analyze arguments, recognizing the essentiality of asking for reasons and considering alternative views and developing their own point of view (Paul, 1990). Kuhn and Udell (2007) emphasize that …
The Effect Of Working Memory And Math Ability On Decision Making,
2011
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
The Effect Of Working Memory And Math Ability On Decision Making, Jeremy A. Krause
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Previous research has indicated that people use various strategies when making decisions. A majority of the research has involved the idea that people use a heuristic when making decisions. Kahneman and Tversky have illustrated that there are instances that people respond with an answer that appears to be indicative of usage of the representativeness heuristic. One of the purposes of the current paper is to gain insight into the actual strategies that are used in these instances. Another purpose of the current experiment is to see if math ability and working memory capacity influence the strategy that a person selects …
