Efficient Identification Of Function: A Comparison Of Different Implementers During Functional Analyses,
2019
University of Kentucky
Efficient Identification Of Function: A Comparison Of Different Implementers During Functional Analyses, Katelyn E. Nicklow
Theses and Dissertations--Early Childhood, Special Education, and Counselor Education
Functional analyses (FAs) are a common tool used in the assessment and treatment of severe problem behaviors and often occur in the context of clinical settings with unfamiliar, trained staff. Previous research suggests that inconsistent outcomes can emerge when caregivers with an existing history of seeing their child’s challenging behavior are trained to implement the assessment in place of clinical staff. The purpose of the current study was to expand on existing literature by comparing FA implemented by clinical staff and caregivers in the context of a clinical setting. Results demonstrate that efficient identification of function and differentiated rates of …
Lexical Derivation Of The Pint Taxonomy Of Goals: Prominence, Inclusiveness, Negativity Prevention, And Tradition,
2019
University of Wyoming
Lexical Derivation Of The Pint Taxonomy Of Goals: Prominence, Inclusiveness, Negativity Prevention, And Tradition, Benjamin M. Wilkowski, Adam Fetterman, Shaun K. Lappi, Laverl Z. Williamson, Elizabeth Ferguson Leki, Emilio Rivera, Brian P. Meier
Psychology Faculty Publications
What do people want? Few questions are more fundamental to psychological science than this. Yet, existing taxonomies disagree on both the number and content of goals. We thus adopted a lexical approach and investigated the structure of goal-relevant words from the natural English lexicon. Through an intensive rating process, 1,060 goal-relevant English words were first located. In Studies 1-2, two relatively large and diverse samples (total n = 1,026) rated their commitment to approaching or avoiding these goals. Principal component analyses yielded 4 replicable components: Prominence, Inclusiveness, Negativity prevention, and Tradition (the PINT Taxonomy). Study 3-7 (total n = 1,396) …
Designing Calorie Counter Smartphone Applications For Effective Weight Loss,
2019
University of Central Florida
Designing Calorie Counter Smartphone Applications For Effective Weight Loss, Sharlin Milliard
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Poor dietary choices and lack of physical activity are two main contributing factors for the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States. Overweight and obese individuals are at risk for developing major life-threatening diseases. Weight loss is an effective means for reversing these adverse health effects, and smartphone applications (apps) may be an effective means for supporting weight loss outside of formal clinical settings. This study involved identifying factors that contribute to effective weight loss to compare with functionality commonly found in a sample of calorie counter apps. A content analysis was performed using a design framework …
Circadian Variations And Risky Decision Making,
2019
Claremont Colleges
Circadian Variations And Risky Decision Making, Sana Sra
Scripps Senior Theses
Over the past decades, decision making under risk has garnered a great amount of attention both in the field of economics and psychology. Although state-dependent variabilities of risk taking are well-documented, little is known about the effects of a person’s preferred time of day, or chronotype, in risky decision making. Under circumstances of circadian mismatch (e.g., when an “early bird” makes decisions in the evening), research suggests that decision making may reflect a greater reliance on heuristics, such as using stereotypes in social judgments. However, the effects of circadian mismatch on heuristics in risky decision making are relatively unexplored. This …
The Effects Of Reversing Safmeds Presentation On Learning And Generalization,
2019
Central Washington University
The Effects Of Reversing Safmeds Presentation On Learning And Generalization, Emily Nordlund
All Master's Theses
Say All Fast Minute Each Day (SAFMEDS) is a flashcard procedure that is effective in producing fluency, but not necessarily generalization, of a content area. One possibility for the lack of generalization is the direction of the SAFMEDS training. Most learners are presented with a definition (the longer side) and have to say the term (the shorter side). Elements of single-case and between-groups designs were used to examine the effects of reversing the direction of training on acquisition and fluency of SAFMEDS content, as well as generalization. Within this study, the control group was presented with a book or paper …
The Effects Of Therapy Balls On In-Seat And On-Task Behavior In Young Children,
2019
Central Washington University
The Effects Of Therapy Balls On In-Seat And On-Task Behavior In Young Children, Ariel Ching
All Master's Theses
This study utilized an alternating treatment design to study the effects of therapy balls, chairs, and the element of choice on the in-seat and on-task behaviors of three, preschool-aged children. Participants were between 4 and 5 years old, typically developing, and were selected based on their ability to make a choice between two different stimuli. This study was conducted at a table, with the participant engaging in a fine-motor activity that they had shown preference to, based on a paired-stimulus preference assessment (Play-Doh, coloring, magnetic blocks, etc.). It was hypothesized that the participants would show higher rates of in-seat and …
Comparing The Effectiveness Of Verbal Feedback Versus Acoustical Feedback Within A Behavior Skills Training Package When Teaching Beginning Yoga Postures To Novice Yoga Practitioners,
2019
Central Washington University
Comparing The Effectiveness Of Verbal Feedback Versus Acoustical Feedback Within A Behavior Skills Training Package When Teaching Beginning Yoga Postures To Novice Yoga Practitioners, Molly Rauschl
All Master's Theses
Behavior skills training (BST), composed of modeling, instructions, rehearsal, and feedback, is an efficient and commonly used training package that has been proven effective in fostering behavior change in a variety of learners and with a multitude of behaviors, including those related to health and fitness. Feedback has been deemed a critical component of BST and there are various ways in which feedback can be administered. This study compared the effectiveness and efficiency of providing verbal feedback versus acoustical feedback within a BST package when teaching beginning yoga postures to participants who have never before practiced yoga. No feedback method …
Eye Tracking And Decision-Making In A Hypothetical Severe Weather Event,
2019
University of North Alabama
Eye Tracking And Decision-Making In A Hypothetical Severe Weather Event, S J. Johnson, L E. Swinney, C E. Martin, M R. Allen, S A. Sabro, E M. Tumminello, S Edmonds, G Carrasco, E Kinnamon
Psychology and Sociology
Inadequate warning systems are a major factor contributing to many fatalities and injuries during severe weather situations (Balluz, Schieve, Holmes, Kiezak, & Malilay, 2000); therefore, the National Weather Service (NWS) continues to update warning systems and methods to better suit a wider range of individuals.
Is It Who Am I Or Who Do You Think I Am? Identity Development Of Adolescents With Substance Use Disorders,
2019
Antioch University - PhD Program in Leadership and Change
Is It Who Am I Or Who Do You Think I Am? Identity Development Of Adolescents With Substance Use Disorders, Danielle N. Treiber
Antioch University Dissertations & Theses
The purpose of this study was to unearth how adolescents with substance use disorders achieve the task of identity formation and the construction of self-concept in the midst of the drug culture and society that exists. It sought to uncover the social constructs designed to ignore and/or remove human complexities and allow an intersectional approach to be brought to a study on this population. Historically, there has been a failure to investigate the underlying social attitudes and behaviors that impact the very delicate and vulnerable process of finding self. Psychosocial and relational adjustment are strongly influenced by the extent to …
When Bad Genes Ruin A Perfectly Good Outlook: Psychological Implications Of Hereditary Breast And Ovarian Cancer Via Narrative Inquiry Methodology,
2019
Antioch University - PhD Program in Leadership and Change
When Bad Genes Ruin A Perfectly Good Outlook: Psychological Implications Of Hereditary Breast And Ovarian Cancer Via Narrative Inquiry Methodology, Cammi Clark
Antioch University Dissertations & Theses
Scientists debunked the belief that breast cancer is always viral with the mid-90s discovery of the first hereditary genetic mutation linked to a significantly higher-than average chance of breast and ovarian cancer. This genetic condition, called Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer (HBOC), passes the mutation from generation to generation in a family. Thousands of variations of such mutations exist, and carriers account for 10 to 15% of all breast cancer, and up to 20% of ovarian (Childers et al., 2017). In addition, genetic testing uncovered a rapidly rising number of healthy people (never had breast/ovarian cancer) who are also carriers, …
The Good Bloke In Contemporary Australian Workplaces: Origins, Qualities And Impacts Of A National Cultural Archetype In Small For-Profit Businesses,
2019
Antioch University - PhD Program in Leadership and Change
The Good Bloke In Contemporary Australian Workplaces: Origins, Qualities And Impacts Of A National Cultural Archetype In Small For-Profit Businesses, Christopher George Taylor
Antioch University Dissertations & Theses
This study explored the nature and significance of a common but widely misunderstood phrase encountered in Australia: The Good Bloke. Underlying this enquiry was awareness, based on the researcher’s personal and professional experience, that the idea of a Good Bloke powerfully influences individual perceptions of leaders in Australian small-to-mid sized for-profit firms. The study commenced with an exploration of the origins and history of the phrase, tracing it to the 1788 arrival of a disproportionately male Anglo-Celtic population was composed significantly of transported convicts. The language and mores of this unique settler population evolved for two centuries based on relationships, …
Functional Analyses: A Comparison Of Isolated And Synthesized Contingencies,
2019
University of Kentucky
Functional Analyses: A Comparison Of Isolated And Synthesized Contingencies, Devin N. Graley
Theses and Dissertations--Early Childhood, Special Education, and Counselor Education
The purpose of the study was to compare traditional functional analysis procedures (isolated contingencies) to functional analysis procedures which are modified to include nuanced environmental variables (synthesized contingencies) for children in an outpatient setting in order to determine sensitivity to the isolated or synthesized contingencies. A multi-element design embedded into a multi-treatment design was used to evaluate differentiated rates of challenging behavior across the two analyses for three children exhibiting challenging behaviors. The results supported the utility of the traditional functional analysis (FA) procedures when compared to that of the interview informed synthesized contingency analysis (IISCA) for one of three …
Targeting Food Selectivity In Young Children In A Preschool Classroom Using A Multi-Component Treatment Package,
2019
University of Kentucky
Targeting Food Selectivity In Young Children In A Preschool Classroom Using A Multi-Component Treatment Package, Christina Challed Hesley
Theses and Dissertations--Early Childhood, Special Education, and Counselor Education
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of using a video model, graduated exposure (i.e., touch, smell, try, eat), and positive reinforcement to first increase food exploration, and then increase consumption of non-preferred foods in young children that exhibit food selectivity in a school setting. A multiple probe design across behaviors replicated across participants was used to evaluate the effectiveness of a treatment package. The treatment package consisted of a video model of each target behavior (touch, smell, try, eat) and positive reinforcement which included preferred foods and materials. The results indicated that the treatment package was …
Relations Among Maternal And Paternal Behavior And Children's Stress Biology,
2019
Scripps College
Relations Among Maternal And Paternal Behavior And Children's Stress Biology, S.K. Jiaming Lin, Stacey N. Doan, John Milton
Scripps Senior Theses
Parenting behavior has been shown to have a wide range of effects, influencing children’s psychological and biological stress outcomes. Most research focuses on maternal parenting behaviors, with few studies observing the effects of paternal behaviors or the influence of both parents on their children. In this study, the relationship between maternal and paternal parenting behaviors was examined in its association to predict children’s cortisol levels. Cultural differences in parenting styles was also observed. American (N=86) and Chinese (N=97) families participated in the study, with parents reporting their behaviors. Children’s cortisol was collected during a stressor task and correlational analysis was …
A Pilot Study On Adolescent Mobile Phone Use, Indirect Mental Health Costs And Cultural Context Considerations – Report,
2019
University of New Mexico
A Pilot Study On Adolescent Mobile Phone Use, Indirect Mental Health Costs And Cultural Context Considerations – Report, Siobhan K. Yilmaz, Alok Bohara
Himalayan Research Papers Archive
Adolescents are being recognized as a generation, worldwide, that require different policy approaches to improve their health and wellbeing, including the adoption of mobile based health interventions (e.g. mHealth). While mHealth interventions are growing in popularity, many researchers/policy-makers have neglected assessing potential (indirect) costs/negative consequences from their use. Evidence from the developed world shows strong associations between cell phone use and negative mental health outcomes, but such findings are minimal in developing world contexts. Using primary data from a large-scale, school-based survey of 17-19-year-old adolescents in southwestern Nepal, this report provides background information to motivate additional work investigating the presence …
Teaching The Leisure Skill Of Photography To Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder,
2019
Claremont Colleges
Teaching The Leisure Skill Of Photography To Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Alicia Tsai
CMC Senior Theses
Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often do not use their leisure time appropriately. Previous studies have shown that children with ASD tend to engage in inappropriate actions and maladaptive behaviors (such as engaging in stereotypy and tantrums) that decrease their quality of life. Establishing age-appropriate leisure skills is important for these children as these skills have been recognized as fulfilling habilitative needs, and can increase the quality of life and social acceptance and decrease the amount of stress for these individuals. The present study used a multiple baseline across-participants design to investigate whether children with ASD can learn and …
Evaluating The Use Of Lottery-Based Contingency Management To Increase Physical Activity In Adults,
2019
West Virginia University
Evaluating The Use Of Lottery-Based Contingency Management To Increase Physical Activity In Adults, Jennifer M. Owsiany
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
It is widely known that physically inactive adults are at a greater risk for developing noncommunicable diseases (e.g., cancer, stroke, coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes) and premature death compared to their physically active peers. Consequently, physical inactivity is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Thus, it is important to develop effective ways to increase and maintain physical activity. In the current study, we randomly assigned adults between the ages of 18 and 64 years old to one of three groups (i.e., contingency management, participation-based incentive, and self-monitoring). Participants wore Fitbit Alta HR fitness tracking devices, which provided …
The Relationship Between Social Skills And Problem Behaviors In Adolescent Males With Autism Spectrum Disorders,
2019
West Virginia University
The Relationship Between Social Skills And Problem Behaviors In Adolescent Males With Autism Spectrum Disorders, Amanda Armstrong Randall
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Adolescent males with autism spectrum disorder commonly display an increased prevalence of problem behaviors and persistent deficits in social skills when compared to their typically developing peers. The present study deployed a single subject, multiple-baseline design to investigate the use of the social skills training program Super Skills: A Social Skills Group Program for Children with Asperger Syndrome, High-Functioning Autism and Related Challengesto promote enhanced social skills and minimize problem behaviors. Two groups of adolescent males with autism (N = 6) participated in weekly social skills training groups also containing typically developing peers (N = 3) once …
Effects Of Teacher Training In Trial-Based Functional Analysis Via Video Modeling,
2019
West Virginia University
Effects Of Teacher Training In Trial-Based Functional Analysis Via Video Modeling, Mary Haspel
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Trial-based functional analysis (TBFA) is an efficient strategy for assessing challenging behavior in the classroom and a necessary step in developing effective functional assessment- based interventions (FABI). However, researchers have identified several barriers limiting the applicability of this practice in schools, including difficulty in (a) training teachers to mastery; (b) assessing whether teachers can implement this practice independently, with fidelity, in natural settings; and (c) determining whether teachers can use functional analysis (FA) to identify functions of problem behavior and develop effective interventions. This study will address these gaps in the literature by using a novel approach for training teachers …
The Effect Of A Lag Schedule Of Reinforcement On Variability In Toy Play In Children With Autism,
2019
Central Washington University
The Effect Of A Lag Schedule Of Reinforcement On Variability In Toy Play In Children With Autism, Cloie Cornell
All Master's Theses
Variability is a dimension of behavior that is altered and learned through reinforcement contingencies (Neuringer, 2002). The lag schedule of reinforcement is one way to establish contingencies in order to increase variability in block formations built by children diagnosed with autism. Napolitano, Smith, Zarcone, Goodkin and McAdam (2010), and Miller (1012) found that a lag schedule of reinforcement increased the variety of block formations built by children diagnosed with autism, both studies used the discriminative stimulus (SD) “build differently,” during intervention phases. The current study used a lag schedule of reinforcement along with the SD “build something,” throughout each phase. …
