Neurosciences Commons^™

Transgenerational Effects Of Chronic Preconception Stress On Developmental And Health Outcomes In Prairie Vole Offspring: Potential Mediation By Parental Emotionality, Mother-Father Bond, Or Parental Care Quality, W. Tang Watanasriyakul

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

Background: A positive rearing environment is important for the health and well-being of growing offspring. Chronic parental stress can create a toxic rearing environment, which may impair developmental and sociobehavioral outcomes of the offspring. Specifically, parental stress is linked to unstable parental emotionality, tension between mother and father, and poor parenting quality, although the inter-relatedness of these factors and the mechanisms through which they contribute to the outcomes of the offspring need further investigation. The current study investigated developmental and sociobehavioral outcomes in prairie vole offspring exposed to chronic preconception stress, with parental emotionality, strength of mother-father bond, and parental …

Delayed Testosterone Treatment In A Rodent Model Of Repeat Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Attenuates Mechanisms Of Cellular Death In The Vestibular Nucleus, Michael Volyanyuk

Master's Theses

A common complaint after repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (rmTBI) is vestibular dysfunction, which can become persistent and decrease quality of life. Delayed testosterone treatment has been shown to reduce vestibular impairment and improve neuronal survival in the vestibular nucleus following rmTBI; however, the long-term molecular pathways associated with rmTBI and testosterone treatment remain widely unexplored. We utilized a 5-hit closed-head rodent rmTBI model and administered testosterone 35 days after injury (DPI). The vestibular nuclei were removed and prepared for RT-qPCR and western blotting. Gene expression and protein levels were elevated for markers of oxidative stress (NADPH oxidase 4) and …

Pathogenic Tau Accelerates Aging-Associated Activation Of Transposable Elements In The Mouse Central Nervous System, Paulino Ramirez, Gabrielle Zuniga, Wenyan Sun, Adrian Beckmann, Elizabeth Ochoa, Sarah L Devos, Bradley Hyman, Gabriel Chiu, Ethan R Roy, Wei Cao, Miranda Orr, Virginie Buggia-Prevot, William J Ray, Bess Frost

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Transposable elements comprise almost half of the mammalian genome. A growing body of evidence suggests that transposable element dysregulation accompanies brain aging and neurodegenerative disorders, and that transposable element activation is neurotoxic. Recent studies have identified links between pathogenic forms of tau, a protein that accumulates in Alzheimer's disease and related "tauopathies," and transposable element-induced neurotoxicity. Starting with transcriptomic analyses, we find that age- and tau-induced transposable element activation occurs in the mouse brain. Among transposable elements that are activated at the RNA level in the context of brain aging and tauopathy, we find that the endogenous retrovirus (ERV) class …

Single-Cell Systems Neuroscience: A Growing Frontier In Mental Illness, Sean O'Sullivan

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

The development of effective treatments for psychiatric disease has been disappointing in recent decades given the advancements in neuroscience. Moreover, rising rates of mental illness such as addiction and depression compel scientists and physicians to discover novel and creative solutions. One such approach that has proven effective is systems neuroscience: A focus on networks as opposed to mechanism. Further, investigation at the single-cell and circuit level is likely to be fruitful in such endeavors as this resolution describes the functional psychopathology that allows for intervention.

Editorial: How Can Wearable Robotic And Sensor Technology Advance Neurorehabilitation?, Shuo-Hsiu Chang, Shih-Chiao Tseng, Hao Su, Gerard E Francisco

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

No abstract provided.

Factors Associated With Ventilator Weaning Success And Failure In People With Spinal Cord Injury In An Acute Inpatient Rehabilitation Setting: A Retrospective Study, Radha Korupolu, Hannah Uhlig-Reche, Emmanuel Chigozie Achilike, Colton Reeh, Claudia Pedroza, Argyrios Stampas

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate baseline characteristics, describe pulmonary outcomes, and identify weaning predictors for people with acute traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) who are dependent on mechanical ventilation at admission to acute inpatient rehabilitation (AIR).

METHODS: The retrospective study was conducted at an AIR facility in the United States. It included 91 adults with acute traumatic SCI from 2015 to 2019 who were dependent on mechanical ventilation.

RESULTS: People who successfully weaned (85%) had fewer days from time of SCI to AIR admission (22 vs. 30,

CONCLUSION: In this retrospective study, there was an increased risk of pneumonia in people with …

Complete Corpus Callosotomy Using A Frameless Navigation Probe Through A Minicraniotomy In Children With Medically Refractory Epilepsy: A Case Series And Technical Note, Ahmed Belal, Gretchen Von Allmen, Indira Kommuru, Jeremy Lankford, John C Mosher, Manish Shah, Michael Funke, Michael Watkins, Rajan Patel

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Medically refractory epilepsy constitutes up to one-third of the epilepsy pediatric patients. Corpus callosotomy (CC) has been used for the treatment of medically refractory epilepsy in children with atonic seizures and generalized tonic-clonic (GTC) seizures. In this case series study, we are describing a novel technique for CC using the frameless navigation probe through a minicraniotomy.

METHODS: Thirteen pediatric patients with the diagnosis of medically refractory epilepsy predominantly GTC with drop attack who underwent extensive Phase I. An L-shape was done, then through a 4 × 3 cm craniotomy, we were able to open the interhemispheric fissure until the …

Targeting Etosis By Mir-155 Inhibition Mitigates Mixed Granulocytic Asthmatic Lung Inflammation, Ji Young Kim, Patrick Stevens, Manjula Karpurapu, Hyunwook Lee, Joshua A Englert, Pearlly Yan, Tae Jin Lee, Navjot Pabla, Maciej Pietrzak, Gye Young Park, John W Christman, Sangwoon Chung

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Asthma is phenotypically heterogeneous with several distinctive pathological mechanistic pathways. Previous studies indicate that neutrophilic asthma has a poor response to standard asthma treatments comprising inhaled corticosteroids. Therefore, it is important to identify critical factors that contribute to increased numbers of neutrophils in asthma patients whose symptoms are poorly controlled by conventional therapy. Leukocytes release chromatin fibers, referred to as extracellular traps (ETs) consisting of double-stranded (ds) DNA, histones, and granule contents. Excessive components of ETs contribute to the pathophysiology of asthma; however, it is unclear how ETs drive asthma phenotypes and whether they could be a potential therapeutic target. …

Dysregulated Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Is Associated With Increased Inflammation And Worse Outcomes After Ischemic Stroke In Diabetic Mice, Sehee Kim, Eun S Park, Peng R Chen, Eunhee Kim

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Diabetic patients have larger infarcts, worse neurological deficits, and higher mortality rate after an ischemic stroke. Evidence shows that in diabetes, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis was dysregulated and levels of cortisol increased. Based on the role of the HPA axis in immunity, we hypothesized that diabetes-dysregulated stress response exacerbates stroke outcomes via regulation of inflammation. To test this hypothesis, we assessed the regulation of the HPA axis in diabetic mice before and after stroke and determined its relevance in the regulation of post-stroke injury and inflammation. Diabetes was induced in C57BL/6 mice by feeding a high-fat diet and intraperitoneal injection …

The Value Of Peer Support In Curbing Moral Injury: A Resident’S Perspective, May W Chen, Jennifer K Lee, Gilbert Vezina, Aylin Tekes, Jamie Perin, Ruoying Li, Alexandra O'Kane, Meaghan Mcgowan, Taeun Chang, Charlamaine Parkinson, Colleen Krein, Tareq Al-Shargabi, Frances J Northington, Ken M Brady, An N Massaro, Rathinaswamy B Govindan

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Identifying the hemodynamic range that best supports cerebral perfusion using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) autoregulation monitoring is a potential physiologic marker for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) during therapeutic hypothermia. However, an optimal autoregulation monitoring algorithm has not been identified for neonatal clinical medicine. We tested whether the hemoglobin volume phase (HVP), hemoglobin volume (HVx), and pressure passivity index (PPI) identify changes in autoregulation that are associated with brain injury on MRI or death. The HVP measures the phase difference between a NIRS metric of cerebral blood volume, the total hemoglobin (THb), and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) at the frequency …

Neurovascular Disease: 2022 Update, Louise D Mccullough

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

In this update we present a series of papers focused on topics that have emerged in vascular disease over the prior year. The first two papers focus on the pathogenesis of vascular malformations, the first on brain arteriovenous malformations, and the second on cerebral cavernous malformations. These disorders can lead to significant brain injuries from intracerebral hemorrhage (if they rupture) or other neurological complications, including seizures. The next set of papers reflects work that has advanced our understanding of how the brain and the immune system "communicate" after brain injury, including stroke (papers 3-6). The first of these shows that …

The Current Status And Shortcomings Of Stereotactic Radiosurgery, Hunter Mehrens, Trang Nguyen, Sharbacha Edward, Shannon Hartzell, Mallory Glenn, Daniela Branco, Nadia Hernandez, Paola Alvarez, Andrea Molineu, Paige Taylor, Stephen Kry

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a common treatment for intracranial lesions. This work explores the state of SRS treatment delivery to characterize current treatment accuracy based on treatment parameters.

Methods: NCI clinical trials involving SRS rely on an end-to-end treatment delivery on a patient surrogate (credentialing phantom) from the Imaging and Radiation Oncology Core (IROC) to test their treatment accuracy. The results of 1072 SRS phantom irradiations between 2012 and 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Univariate analysis and random forest models were used to associate irradiation conditions with phantom performance. The following categories were evaluated in terms of how they predicted …

Autonomous And Non-Autonomous Requirements For The C-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Signaling Pathway In Early Forebrain Development, Jessica G. Cunningham

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The cerebral cortex is responsible for a wide variety of high-level functions including cognition, sensory perception, fine motor control, and the orchestration of body movements. The cortex is comprised of cortical excitatory neurons and inhibitory interneurons, which are arranged in a highly organized fashion into different layers and regions. These two types of cells operate in a delicate balance between excitation and inhibition, which is critical for proper cortical circuitry. In order for the cortex to execute its numerous functions, it must both send and receive input to other brain regions through axonal connections. The organization within the cortex and …

Chronic Low Back Pain In Veterans And The Role Of Yoga: An Overview Of Randomized Controlled Trials, Suresh Kumar Thanneeru, Roshan Chanchlani, Pramod K. Sharma, Sudarsan Agarwal, Nalla Srinivas, M Sukumar, Amit Agrawal

Manipal Journal of Medical Sciences

Introduction One of the most debilitating diseases in elderly is the chronic low back pain (cLBP) which is most often nonspecific and involves using unrelenting medication and physical therapy. Yoga practice has been explored to treat this condition and was shown good results. This systematic review was done to emphasis the role of Yoga in management of cLBP. Objectives To evaluate the effectiveness of Yoga in pain relief and improvement in disability for veterans suffering from cLBP. Methods A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane to identify studies on usage of Yoga in the treatment of …

Advancements In The Quest To Map, Monitor, And Manipulate Neural Circuitry, Jessica L Swanson, Pey-Shyuan Chin, Juan M Romero, Snigdha Srivastava, Joshua Ortiz-Guzman, Patrick J Hunt, Benjamin R Arenkiel

Duncan NRI Faculty and Staff Publications

Neural circuits and the cells that comprise them represent the functional units of the brain. Circuits relay and process sensory information, maintain homeostasis, drive behaviors, and facilitate cognitive functions such as learning and memory. Creating a functionally-precise map of the mammalian brain requires anatomically tracing neural circuits, monitoring their activity patterns, and manipulating their activity to infer function. Advancements in cell-type-specific genetic tools allow interrogation of neural circuits with increased precision. This review provides a broad overview of recombination-based and activity-driven genetic targeting approaches, contemporary viral tracing strategies, electrophysiological recording methods, newly developed calcium, and voltage indicators, and neurotransmitter/neuropeptide biosensors …

Recurrent Liponeurocytoma: A Case Report And Systematic Review Of The Literature, Darsh S Shah, Himanshu Sharma, Prem Patel, Arya Shetty, Collin William English, J Clay Goodman, Ashwin Viswanathan, Akash J Patel

Duncan NRI Faculty and Staff Publications

Background: Liponeurocytomas are rare neurocytic neoplasms that most often arise in the posterior fossa and affect individuals in the third and fifth decades of life. Most reported cases of this unique tumor in the literature have described a favorable clinical prognosis without recurrence. However, increasing reports of recurrent cases prompted the World Health Organization, in 2016, to recategorize the tumor from Grade I to the less favorable Grade II classification. We conducted a systematic review to identify recurrent cases of this unique tumor and to summarize differences between the primary and recurrent cases of liponeurocytoma.

Methods: A systematic review exploring …

In Alzheimer-Prone Brain Regions, Metabolism And Risk-Gene Expression Are Strongly Correlated, Fengdan Ye, Quentin Funk, Elijah Rockers, Joshua M Shulman, Joseph C Masdeu, Belen Pascual

Duncan NRI Faculty and Staff Publications

Neuroimaging in the preclinical phase of Alzheimer’s disease provides information crucial to early intervention, particularly in people with a high genetic risk. Metabolic network modularity, recently applied to the study of dementia, is increased in Alzheimer’s disease patients compared with controls, but network modularity in cognitively unimpaired elderly with various risks of developing Alzheimer’s disease needs to be determined. Based on their 5-year cognitive progression, we stratified 117 cognitively normal participants (78.3 ± 4.0 years of age, 52 women) into three age-matched groups, each with a different level of risk for Alzheimer’s disease. From their fluorodeoxyglucose PET we constructed metabolic …

Identifying Key Elements To Assess Patient’S Acceptability Of Neurorehabilitation In Stroke Survivors–A Delphi Method, Manonita Ghosh, Kaoru Nosaka, Lisa Whitehead, Kazunori Nosaka

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Purpose: Assessing patient acceptability of treatment is a clinical concern. No guidance exists to determine the best way to measure acceptability in stroke neurorehabilitation. This study identifies key elements to measure patient’s acceptance of stroke neurorehabilitation by establishing expert consensus.

>Materials and methods: A four-phase Delphi method with a three-round electronic-based survey was conducted. Experts were considered as stroke survivors or their caregivers and professionals in stroke neurorehabilitation. A twenty-five-item list was sourced from a literature review and discussion with a consumer panel (n = 22). In Round-1 (n = 118) and Round-2 (n = 80), experts …

An Aphasia Research Agenda – A Consensus Statement From The Collaboration Of Aphasia Trialists, Myzoon Ali, Efstathia Soroli, Luis M. T. Jesus, Madeline Cruice, Jytte Isaksen, Evy Visch-Brink, Kleanthes K. Grohmann, C. Jagoe, Tarja Kukkonen, Spyridoula Varlokosta, Carlos Hernandez-Sacristan, Vicente Rosell-Clari, Rebecca Palmer, Silvia Martinez-Ferreiro, Erin Godecke, Sarah J. Wallace, Ruth Mcmenamin, David Copland, Caterina Breitenstein, Audrey Bowen, Ann-Charlotte Laska, Katerina Hilari, Marian C. Brady

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Coordination of international aphasia research would minimise duplication of effort, support synergistic international activities across languages and multidisciplinary perspectives, and promote high-quality conduct and reporting of aphasia research, thereby increasing the relevance, transparency, and implementation of findings. The Collaboration of Aphasia Trialists (CATs) sought to develop an aphasia research agenda to direct future research activities, based on priorities shared by people with aphasia, family members, and healthcare professionals. Our established international research network spanning 33 countries contributed to this activity. Research literature reporting the priorities of stakeholders was reviewed and synthesized (phase 1). Representatives from Working Groups on Aphasia Assessment …

Alzheimer's Disease Research Progress In Australia: The Alzheimer's Association International Conference Satellite Symposium In Sydney, Claire E. Sexton, Kaarin J. Anstey, Filippo Baldacci, C. J. Barnum, Anna M. Barron, Kaj Blennow, Henry Brodaty, Samantha Burnham, Fanny M. Elahi, Jürgen Götz, Yun-Hee Jeon, Maya Koronyo-Hamaoui, Susan M. Landau, Nicola T. Lautenschlager, Simon M. Laws, Darren M. Lipnicki, Hanzhang Lu, Colin L. Masters, Wendy Moyle, Akinori Nakamura, Giulio Maria Pasinetti, Naren Rao, Christopher Rowe, Perminder S. Sachdev, Peter R. Schofield, Einar M. Sigurdsson

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

The Alzheimer's Association International Conference held its sixth Satellite Symposium in Sydney, Australia in 2019, highlighting the leadership of Australian researchers in advancing the understanding of and treatment developments for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias. This leadership includes the Australian Imaging, Biomarker, and Lifestyle Flagship Study of Ageing (AIBL), which has fueled the identification and development of many biomarkers and novel therapeutics. Two multimodal lifestyle intervention studies have been launched in Australia; and Australian researchers have played leadership roles in other global studies in diverse populations. Australian researchers have also played an instrumental role in efforts to understand mechanisms …