Medical Pharmacology Commons^™

Topical Lidocaine For Pain Control With Intrauterine Device Insertion: Does It Work?, Piper Gaudet, Jahnavi Ramakrishnan, Fariha Azam

Physician Assistant Capstones, 2020-current

Objective: To evaluate whether topical lidocaine improves the subjective perception of pain during the insertion of an intrauterine device (IUD) in women of childbearing age, compared to a placebo. Design: Mini-systematic literature review. Methods: An initial search of PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus was conducted using the terms "pain control," "IUD," and "lidocaine," yielding 49 articles, of which 31 were screened and 26 excluded based on pre-designated inclusion criteria. After assessing five articles for eligibility, three met the criteria and were evaluated using Duke University's Clinical Appraisal Worksheet and the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine table to determine their level of …

The Need To Incorporate Polysubstance Use In Neuropsychopharmacology Research: Biological Lessons And New Opportunities, Max E. Joffe, Susan M. Ferguson, Nick W. Gilpin, Melissa A. Herman, Lori A. Knackstedt, Patrick A. Randall, Abigail G. Schindler, Mary M. Torregrossa, Jennifer A. Rinker

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Critical evaluation and refinement of animal models is essential for neuroscientists to understand complex physiological and pathological processes related to psychiatric diseases. In general, preclinical studies modeling drug dependence and problematic substance use have been limited to the administration of a single substance; however, there is a growing appreciation that this approach has failed to capture the complexities of humans and has stifled translational efforts. Polysubstance use represents the overwhelmingly common patterns of alcohol and drug use in humans. For example, epidemiological studies generally determine that between 70–95 % of individuals with alcohol use disorder use tobacco daily, and upwards …

Endothelial-Derived Extracellular Vesicles During Exercise In Copd Patients, Samuel C Okpechi, Dorota Wyczechowska, Bennett Deboisblanc, Jessica L Johnson, Mohamed A Ghonim, Natalie Bauer, Hamid A Boulares, Matthew R Lammi

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Introduction: There are no treatments directly targeting the pulmonary vasculature in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and further characterization of the underlying endothelial cell (EC) abnormalities could be helpful in drug development. Methods: We investigated the influence of exercise and the prostacyclin analog iloprost on extracellular vesicles derived from ECs (eEVs) in 15 moderate–severe COPD patients who were enrolled in a randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial of iloprost. Results: Active smokers had a profile consistent with inflammatory-derived EVs, while exacerbation-prone COPD subjects had a profile consistent with apoptosis-derived eEVs. There were no significant effects of iloprost on eEV levels. However, there …

Drug-Related Problems In Hemodialysis Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Study At X Hospital (January–May 2022), Muhammad Refki Abrari, Jatmiko Susilo

Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research

The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Indonesia has increased from 2.0 ‰in 2013 to 3.8 ‰in 2018. The presence of complex comorbidities associated with CKD causes varied therapy regimens (poly-pharmacy), leading to an increased risk of drug-related problems (DRPs). To overcome these complications, dialysis is often used to remove metabolic waste and rebalance electrolytes to maintain life in patients experiencing rapid loss of kidney function. This study aims to evaluate drugs consumed as well as DRPs experienced by patients diagnosed with CKD undergoing hemodialysis at X Hospital from January to May 2022. The study procedures were carried out …

Anti-Inflammatory Actions Of Trigonella Foenum-Graecum L. In Acute And Chronic Inflammation: Insights From Preclinical Studies, Angel Christella, Dzava P. F. Ismail, Eli Halimah

Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research

Chronic inflammation is a major factor in various degenerative diseases. The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is often the main choice, but long-term side effects such as gastrointestinal irritation and nephrotoxicity limit their use. Therefore, natural alternatives such as Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek) have attracted attention due to their bioactive compound contents with anti-inflammatory properties. This narrative review was conducted through a systematic search of articles from the last 10 years in PubMed and Scopus. Keywords used a combination of MeSH and free terms related to fenugreek and anti-inflammatory agents. In vitro and in vivo studies evaluating the anti-inflammatory effects …

Β-Glucan As A Potential Modulator Of Tgf-Β Signaling And Emt-Driven Resistance In Triple-Negative Breast Cancer, Hanifa Dinda Hayati, Riezki Amalia, Gemilang Lara Utama, Dika Pramita Destiani

Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive subtype of breast cancer that lacks expression of estrogen, progesterone, and HER2 receptors, limiting the effectiveness of targeted therapies and making chemotherapy the primary treatment option. However, resistance to chemotherapy remains a major clinical challenge, often driven by dysregulation of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway. TGF-β plays a dual role in cancer, initially acting as a tumor suppressor but later promoting tumor progression through mechanisms such as epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), immune evasion, and the establishment of cancer stemness. This review aims to explore the role of TGF-β signaling and EMT …

Perceived Effects Of Verbal Orders On In-Patient Medication Reconciliation And Safety: A Multi-Center Cross-Sectional Study, Yahaya Jafaru, Abubakar K. Sahabi, Mohammed M. Sani

Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research

Medication reconciliation presents significant challenges for healthcare professionals, particularly due to communication gaps that contribute to patient safety incidents. The aim of the study was to investigate the perceived effect of verbal orders on in-patient medication reconciliation and safety. The study was a cross-sectional survey with nurse employees of the three tertiary hospitals in Kebbi State, Nigeria as population of the study. The instrument for the data collection was a 21-items researcher-constructed self-administered questionnaire. Chi-square and binomial regression analysis were used in data analysis. Over two-thirds (70.7%) of the respondents reported a negative perceived effect on the patient’s compliance. The …

Effect Of Various Lactobacillus Probiotic Strains On Oral Antihypertensive Drug Response: A Systematic Review, Khoirunnisa Ramadhani, Keri Lestari

Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research

Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and the effectiveness of antihypertensive therapy can be influenced by metabolic and systemic inflammatory factors associated with gut microbiota conditions. Probiotic strains from the genus Lactobacillus have been reported to modulate antihypertensive effects through complex biological mechanisms. This article evaluates experimental evidence from seven in vivo studies on the influence of Lactobacillus strains on the response to antihypertensive drugs, including pharmacodynamic mechanisms and drug–probiotic interactions. The combination of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum with amlodipine enhanced nitric oxide production, increased eNOS expression, reduced IL-6 levels, and improved drug bioavailability, leading to greater blood pressure …

Crosstalk Between Gut Microbiota And Antihypertensive Drugs: A Systematic Review, Dhiya'ul Haq, Keri Lestari

Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research

Hypertension is a multifactorial condition characterized by persistently elevated blood pressure. In addition to genetic and environmental factors, recent studies suggest that the gut microbiota contributes to the development of hypertension and modulates the response to antihypertensive therapy. This review aims to summarize the latest knowledge on the bidirectional interaction between gut microbiota and antihypertensive drugs. Original studies published up to May 2025 on this topic were collected from two online databases: PubMed and Scopus. A total of 220 articles were identified, and 9 articles met the inclusion criteria for further discussion. Three of these included articles discussed how gut …

Optimization Of Guava Leaf Extract Cream Formulation Through Variations Of Xanthan Gum And Stearic Acid For Wound Cure In Rats, Ayudia Cipta Khairani, Mia Ariasti

Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research

Cuts are among the most common skin injuries caused by sharp objects and can lead to infection if not properly treated. Natural ingredients such as guava leaves have been widely investigated for their wound-healing potential. Guava leaves contain bioactive compounds including flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, and tannins, which contribute to anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and tissue regeneration processes. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate the physical properties and wound-healing effectiveness of guava leaf ethanol extract cream with varying concentrations of xanthan gum and stearic acid as emulsifiers. The extract was obtained by maceration using 70% ethanol and formulated into four cream formulas …

What Is The Hospital Pharmaceutical Care? Perceptions And Expectations Of Doctors In Interprofessional Collaboration In 2 Types Of Indonesia Hospitals, Anisyah Achmad, Savvy Augustin Tirta, Titi Annisa Bella, Ratna Kurnia Illahi, Bambang Sidharta, Valentina Yurina, Wara Rejeki

Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research

Hospital Pharmaceutical Care (HPC) is the pharmacist’s direct responsibility to aim for patient safety and quality of life. HPC is a means of avoiding medication and human errors. Carrying out a HPC requires a good collaboration between doctors and pharmacists in treatment management. The aim of the research was to determine the relationship between doctors’ perceptions and expectations of clinical pharmacists at HPC. This research is descriptive quantitative observational with a cross-sectional approach. The data were collected using purposive sampling (type A hospital) and total sampling (type C hospital) through interviews using perception and expectations questionnaires on doctors’ to pharmacists …

Disruption Of The Placenta–Brain Axis In Transgenic Mice Lacking Serotonin Transporter (Sert) In Trophoblast Cells, David T. Ellenberger, Zhen Lyu, Rosalind T. B. Herrington, Jessica A. Kinkade, Gustavo W. Leone, Ji Ying Sze, Nathan J. Bivens, R. Frank Baker, R. Michael Roberts, Trupti Joshi, Cheryl S. Rosenfeld

Biomedical Sciences

Serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are commonly prescribed to pregnant women experiencing depression. Such drugs, however, might adversely affect placenta and fetal brain development. Parietal trophoblast giant cells (pTGCs) in the mouse placenta are postulated to internalize maternal serotonin (5-HT) via transport through SERT, encoded by Slc6a4, and to provide the initial source of 5-HT to the emerging brain via the placental–brain axis. Genetic deletion of Slc6a4 in pTGCs has been hypothesized to impact placental and fetal brain development. A transgenic mouse line with high-affinity SERT, encoded by Slc6a4, was selectively deleted by pairing mice with Cre recombinase linked …

The Fascia Iliaca Regional Nerve Block Using Ultrasound And Landmark Technique: An Objective Structured Clinical Examination For Nurse Anesthetists, Braxton T. Beech, Parker F. Rigby

Doctoral Projects

The fascia iliaca block (FIB) is an effective regional anesthesia technique used in various clinical settings, including operating rooms, emergency departments, and pain management clinics. Despite its advantages in reducing postoperative complications and minimizing opioid use, FIB remains underutilized among Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists (CRNAs), primarily due to limited exposure and training. This doctoral project examines the implementation of an Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) as an educational intervention to enhance CRNA proficiency in performing FIB using both ultrasound-guided and landmark techniques.

A pre- and post-test study design was conducted with 18 CRNA participants attending a continuing education workshop. Demographic …

Breastfeeding Safety Following Maternal Anesthesia: A Guideline Development, Megan Honea, Mary Johnson

Doctoral Projects

Recommendations regarding breastfeeding following maternal anesthesia are inconsistent and often not up to date with current best practice guidelines. Previous recommendations have led to mothers unnecessarily “pumping and dumping” breast milk has benefits for both mother and baby. These benefits include (a) increasing the infant’s access to colostrum, (b) encouraging mother-baby bonding, (c) improving the mother’s breastfeeding experience, (d) and providing significant health benefits to the infant. The purpose of this scholarly project was to develop a set of evidence-based recommendations that focus on mothers who desire to breastfeed following general anesthesia. These recommendations will highlight maternal- fetal transfer of …

Avaren-Fc's Effects On Lymphoma Cells., Jacob Hahn

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This thesis investigates the therapeutic potential of Avaren-Fc (AvFc), a novel lectin fusion protein that integrates the Fc region of human IgG1 with the engineered lectin Avaren, specifically targeting lymphoma. The study delineates the in vitro binding capabilities of Avaren-Fc with a human B-cell lymphoma cell line, a canine B-cell lymphoma cell line, healthy canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and healthy human PBMCs. AvFc was shown to exhibit significant binding to human lymphoma cells. Furthermore, the direct cytotoxicity of Avaren-Fc against canine lymphoma cells, canine lymphoma cells and healthy canine PBMCs was assessed. It was found that there is …

Tlr2 Agonism Suppresses Myeloid Leukemogenesis By Reprogramming Leukemia Stem Cells, Michael E. Lawler, Jennifer S. Romer-Seibert, Michael S. Bowman, Ramkrishna Mitra, Christine M. Eischen, Robert L. Bowman, Sara E. Meyer

Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology Faculty Papers

The consequences of activated innate immune signaling in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is not well understood. Using ligands directed at the toll-like family receptors (TLR) in models of high-risk AML, we uncover that TLR2 ligands exert unique antileukemic effects that are distinct from other TLRs. Although TLR2 signaling broadly induces inflammatory gene expression in AML cells, at the single-cell level, cell-type-dependent, divergent transcriptional responses coordinate cellular outputs of proliferation, differentiation, cell death, and activation of immune cell function. TLR2 ligands were the only TLR agonists capable of extending survival of AML-bearing mice through leukemia stem cell (LSC) reprogramming that elevated …

Evaluation Of The Impact Of Coriander Sativum Extract On The Modulation Of Inflammatory And Oxidative Enzymes In Ptz Induced Epilepsy In A Rat Model, Rusul Ali Kadhim, Zahraa Saleem Manji

Maaen Journal for Medical Sciences

Background

Recurrent and spontaneous seizures are a symptom of the epilepsy. It affects up to 65 million individuals globally, with lower-income nations accounting for 80% of cases. Since medicinal plants have special therapeutic qualities, they are frequently used to manage and cure epilepsy and convulsions. Because they have fewer side effects and stronger therapeutic results, medicinal plants are becoming more and more popular worldwide as a result of increased research and clinical use. The pharmaceutical industry is now concentrating heavily on the creation of novel plant-based antiepileptic/anticonvulsant drugs

Aims of the study:

Study the role of coriander sativum extraction in …

Accidental Daily Dosing: Severe Methotrexate Toxicity In A Patient With Rheumatoid Arthritis, Sidra Memon, Kavitha Vemuri, Syed Uzair Mahmood, Darshit Patel

Advances in Clinical Medical Research and Healthcare Delivery

This case highlights a crucial complication of oral methotrexate therapy: toxicity due to dosing errors. A patient’s daily dosing regimen, instead of the intended weekly schedule, led to a significantly excessive cumulative dose of methotrexate over a short period, resulting in severe hematologic and mucosal toxicity. This underscores the importance of clear patient education and vigilant prescription practices to prevent such errors.

Characterization Of Androctonus Mauritanicus Venom And In Vitro Screening Of Sars-Cov-2 Entry Inhibitors Candidates, Reda Chahir, Jacob Galan, Hicham Hboub, Ahmed Salim Lahlou, Salma Chakir, Hinde Aassila, Reda Ben Mrid, Najat Bouchmaa, Reto Stöcklin, Rachid El Fatimy, Naoual Oukkache

Human Genetics Publications

Animal venom, known for its complex biochemical composition, presents a valuable source of therapeutic molecules, particularly for antiviral applications. Despite this potential, the industrial use of venom remains limited, with fewer than a dozen venom-derived compounds reaching commercial markets. This study underscores the significance of exploring venom’s natural diversity as a reservoir for novel bioactive compounds that could drive innovative drug development. We investigated the venom of the Moroccan black scorpion Androctonus mauritanicus (Am), applying solid-phase extraction (SPE) and high-performance reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) to fractionate the venom into 80 distinct samples. These fractions were subjected to detailed analysis …

Successful Therapeutic Response Of Intravenous Immunoglobulin In Guillain-Barre Syndrome With Onset More Than Two Weeks: A Case Report, Ezra Immanuelly Pribadi, Fauna Herawati, Valentinus Besin, Marisca Evalina Gondokesumo

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS), with a global incidence of 1–2 cases per 100,000 population annually, remains the most common cause of acute flaccid paralysis. Standard treatment includes plasma exchange within 4 weeks or intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) within 2 weeks of symptom onset. However, IVIg may still benefit selected late-presenting cases. Here, we report a case a 17-year-old male presented with progressive bilateral limb weakness and paresthesia that began approximately 3 weeks before admission. He also experienced a brief syncope episode and defecation syncope, indicating possible autonomic involvement. On hospital day 3, after shared decision-making, the family opted for IVIg over plasma …