International Business Commons^™

Operating Costs, Liquidity, And Demographic Pressures In Tanzania's Reformed Public Pension System (2004–2024), Athumani S. Mbuttuka, Ellinami J. Minja, Siasa I. Mzenzi

Business Management Review

The efficiency of public pension systems is critical for accumulating old-age savings and reducing fiscal pressures. This study evaluated Tanzania’s reformed public pension system from 2004 to 2024, covering pre- and post-merger periods, using longitudinal financial data and benchmarking indicators, including cost-to-contribution, cost-to-asset, payout, and dependency ratios, against regulatory and OECD levels. One-tailed sample t-tests compared efficiency and sustainability metrics against benchmarks. Findings show that operating costs averaged 2.8% of assets and administrative cost-to-contribution averaged 11.8%, exceeding the OECD average of 1.6% and the regulatory ceiling of 10%, respectively. Although operating-cost ratios declined after the 2018 restructuring, costs generally remained …

The Efficient Market Hypothesis In Youth Entrepreneurship: Understanding, Application, And Contextual Factors — A Systematic Literature Review, Omari Khalifa Mbura Prof,, Binto M. Binto

Business Management Review

This systematic literature review explores how youth entrepreneurs understand and apply the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) in their decision-making, and examines the contextual factors influencing the decision-making nexus. Guided by a post-positivist framework, the review synthesises extant literature across youth entrepreneurship, finance, and digital strategy to map emerging themes and identify knowledge gaps. It covered a sample of 38 peer-reviewed articles, selected in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Findings of the systematic literature review show that youth entrepreneurs' engagement with EMH is largely experiential and indirect, influenced by digital literacy, social learning, and the realities of rapidly changing market environments. …

Energy Market And Carbon Emission Spillovers In Critical Minerals Investment: A Dynamic Connectedness Approach, Haibo Wang, Lutfu S. Sua, Jaime Ortiz, Jun Huang, Bahram Alidaee

International Business and Entrepreneurship Faculty Publications

Purpose: This paper aims to examine the daily financial risk spillovers associated with investing in critical minerals. It examines the dynamic interconnectedness between seven critical mineral Exchange-Traded Fund (ETF) portfolios and key economic-wide variables, including the energy market, carbon emissions, market sentiment and global infrastructure.

Design/methodology/approach: A time-varying parameter vector autoregression (TVP-VAR) model is used to quantify dynamic connectedness and directional volatility spillovers using daily data from May 1 2013, to May 2 2023. The study isolates the impact of extreme events by splitting the data into pre- and post-COVID-19 samples based on the February 2020 stock market crash.

Findings: …

People Orientation And Thing Orientation In Business Majors: Implications For Assessing The Impacts Of Cross-Functional Business Program Curricula, Todd J. Hostager, David A. Christopher, Kristy J. Lauver, Christopher Knowles

International Journal for Business Education

Background/Introduction/Purpose:  Prior research documented significant differences in people orientation and thing orientation (PTO) based on type of major and sex.  This study examines a set of measures for helping business programs to assess whether they are producing graduates equipped to consider both people and things when making decisions, regardless of their major or sex.

Methods/Design:  Students in a strategic management capstone course spent a single 75-minute session responding to a brief new venture pitch by identifying what types of additional information they would need to decide whether to invest in the business.  Three Likert-scaled options gauged the extent to participant …

Green Information Systems Adoption And Business Outcomes In Ugandan Smes: An Extended Theory Of Planned Behaviour Approach, Sonny Juma Nyeko, Samali Mlay, Cosmas Ogenmungu, Abdallah Ibrahim Nyero

Business Management Review

The study assesses the relationship between TPB antecedents and GIS business outcomes in SMEs, using an expanded TPB framework. Researchers gathered data from SMEs via a survey and analysed it using PLS-SEM. The framework used in the study explains 58.5% of the differences in GIS business outcomes. The results reveal that subjective norms, attitude, benefits, and obstacles are significant predictors of GIS business outcomes such as ecological IT practices, although perceived behavioural control displays an insignificant negative relationship. The study extended the TPB model by incorporating GIS benefits and GIS obstacles as additional factors influencing GIS adoption, business outcomes, …

Nutrition Labeling And Food Choice Behavior In A Cross-Border Context: Evidence From The Rio Grande Valley, Edith Galy

International Business and Entrepreneurship Faculty Publications

Unhealthy dietary habits have been linked to chronic conditions such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. As a result, governments have implemented nutritional labeling policies intended to assist consumers in making informed food choices. While the United States relies primarily on Nutrition Facts panels, Mexico recently adopted a front-of-package warning label system that uses highly visible warning symbols. This study examines how nutritional labels influence food choices among university students in the Rio Grande Valley, a unique border region where consumers are exposed to both U.S. and Mexican food-labeling systems. Data was collected through an online Qualtrics survey administered to …

Collaborative Ecosystems And Sustainability Transitions: Evidence From Stina Inc. And The Tube Recycling Project, Edith Galy

International Business and Entrepreneurship Faculty Publications

Many sustainability challenges faced by firms are systemic and cannot be addressed by individual organizations acting alone. Packaging recyclability is one such challenge, as it depends on coordinated product design, downstream infrastructure acceptance, and stakeholder trust across an entire value chain. This study examines how a collaborative ecosystem enables progress toward recyclable plastic squeeze tubes through the action of a neutral intermediary. Drawing on an in depth qualitative case study of the Tube Recycling Project coordinated by Stina Inc., the analysis integrates interview data with project documentation to examine how firms collaborated across competitive boundaries. The findings show that sustainability …

The Impact Of Local Content Requirements Policy For 4g Lte Cell Phones On The Performance Of The Indonesian Telecommunications Industry, Gary Dabelza Abi, Mohamad Dian Revindo, Indri Br Situmorang

Journal of Strategic and Global Studies

This study examines the impact of Indonesia's 2017 tightening of Local Content Requirements (LCR) for fourth-generation long-term evolution (4G LTE) mobile phones on firm performance in the telecommunications manufacturing industry, a setting characterized by a large domestic market but limited upstream electronics capability. Using firm-level data from the 2016 Economic Census and the 2017-2018 Large and Medium Manufacturing Survey, we examine the effects of raising the minimum LCR threshold from 20% to 30% on firm output, labor productivity, imported input intensity, and foreign capital ownership through pooled regressions with firm-level controls. The results show that the stricter LCR threshold is …

From The Editor's Desk, Heather S. Mcmillan

Journal of the North American Management Society

No abstract provided.

Charismatic Leaders Role And Challenges During Crises, Tamer Hassan Abutahoun Phd

Journal of the North American Management Society

Since the first article about charismatic leadership by Weber was issued in 1946, numerous pieces of research have been published discussing several aspects of charismatic leadership. One of these aspects is the role of the charismatic leader during crisis and whether it is being impacted by crises or emerged during crises. Several articles have been published to investigate the role of charismatic leadership during crises along with how individuals perceived charismatic leadership during crises. Most of these articles utilized case studies to investigate the former mentioned relationship. However, each of these studies investigated the relationship between crises and charismatic leadership …

'It's Going To Be Colder Than San Diego': Pre-Transition Experiences Of American Postgraduate Athletes At One British University, Lara Killick, Pete Schroeder

Journal of Athlete Development and Experience

Athlete migration is a visible element of the sport-globalization nexus. At the intercollegiate level, a new migration pattern has recently emerged. Numerous British universities are recruiting American postgraduate athletes for a variety of sports. International athlete migration has been examined using the cultural transition model (CTM) (Ryba et al., 2016). CTM features three phases that profile the developmental tracks migrant athletes experience in a new culture. This study used CTM to qualitatively explore the pre-transition experiences of American postgraduate athletes. Nineteen Americans playing at one British university were interviewed prior to the 2022-23 academic year. Data were recorded, transcribed, and …

How Grades Changed Before, During And After Covid-19 In A Business College, Douglas R. Moodie, Alison Keefe, Robin Cheramie

International Journal for Business Education

Purpose: This study examines how undergraduate business student grades changed before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic using a large institutional dataset from a business college in a US university between 2015 and 2024.

Method: The analysis includes over 390,000 student-course observations and incorporates instructional modality, student demographics, course characteristics, and prior academic performance.

Results: Results show a substantial increase in mean course grades during the COVID-19 period, followed by a partial reversion post-pandemic to levels that remain above pre-pandemic trends. These patterns are consistent across modalities, demographics, and departments.

Implications: The findings raise important questions regarding the interpretation of …

How Does An Advanced Educator Utilize Digital Language Teaching And Learning By Integrating Linguistic, Cultural, And Business Life Perspectives?, Hely Westerholm, Pirjo Takanen-Körperich, Ph.D.

International Journal for Business Education

This paper explores advanced educators’ digital working capabilities in online language teaching, with a particular focus on sharing Finnish language and culture in a foreign context. Cultural and linguistic knowledge play a significant role in enhancing students’ motivation to study foreign languages. In today’s educational environment, digitalisation and globalisation exert an increasing influence on foreign language teaching and learning.

The digital learning environment has brought about a paradigm shift in foreign language didactics. Digital language learning is both challenging and holistic in nature. Continued foreign language learning is simultaneously an individual and a social process, as digital learning cultures impose …

The Institutional Production Of Ethical War Across Modern Conflict, Katerina Udov

Binghamton University Undergraduate Journal

This paper argues that modern warfare operates through an ethical infrastructure that enables, rather than restrains, the use of violence. Contrary to the common assumption that moral frameworks such as Just War Theory function as safeguards against harm, the historical record shows that ethical language, humanitarian rhetoric, and democratic narratives serve as mechanisms to legitimize intervention, manufacture consent, and naturalize civilian suffering. Through case studies including Vietnam, Iraq, Afghanistan, U.S.-backed coups in Latin America, and French intervention in Mali, the paper traces how political leaders, media institutions, and corporate actors frame war as a moral necessity while pursuing strategic and …

Managerial Mindset And Ai Adoption In Smes. A Systematic Review Of Cognitive, Behavioural, And Institutional Foundations, Shabin Muzibbhai Shaikh, Shivkanya Birla

European Management Studies

Purpose: This study examines how managerial mindset shapes the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) in small and medium‑sized enterprises (SMEs). While existing research often highlights resource or capability constraints, this review shows that deeper cognitive, behavioral, and institutional foundations strongly influence how managers interpret AI and decide whether to engage with it.

Design, Methodology, and Approach: A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted using established protocols. Thirty influential studies across managerial cognition, behavioral strategy, institutional theory, and technology adoption were identified, screened, and synthesized. Their insights were integrated into a multilayered conceptual model explaining how mindset shapes AI adoption in …

Does Green Electricity Mitigate Carbon Emission Externalities? Industry-Specific Effects On Firm Profitability, Operational Efficiency, Valuation, And Market Risk In Taiwan Listed Companies, Mutiara Eka Puspita, Wei Hwa Pan, Bon Long Hsia, Huynh Phu Tan

Bulletin of Monetary Economics and Banking

his study explores the relationship between carbon emissions and firm financial performance across industries and how green electricity adoption moderates this effect. Using 9,925 firm-year observations from the Taiwan Economic Journal, we estimate panel regressions and compare Fixed Effects robust and Driscoll-Kraay (1998) standard errors to ensure robustness. Two-way and three-way interaction models reveal a green electricity paradox: biotech firms benefit, while financial and high-tech sectors decline. These findings highlight the need for sector-specific ESG investment models and tailored policy support to ensure an equitable green transition. The study contributes by integrating environmental-financial dynamics with industry heterogeneity in emerging markets

Daniels Distinction Portfolio By Ally Weix, Ally Weix

International Business: Undergraduate Distinction Portfolios

A Daniels Distinction Portfolio of experiential education by Ally Weix.

Controversy Associated With Red-Light Traffic Cameras, Alan D. Smith, Anna Abdulmanova

Atlantic Marketing Association Proceedings

No abstract provided.

The External Influence Of International Business Scholarship: Growth, Stabilization, Or Decline?, Gokhan Ertug, Andrew Delios, Yi Li, Zhengchu Zhang

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

The influence of international business (IB) scholarship is an active debate (e.g., Bello & Kostova, 2012; Cantwell et al., 2014, 2016; Doh et al., 2023; Tung et al., 2023). Although IB research has expanded in the number of publications, in its sophistication of research design, and in its thematic breadth over the past decades, questions remain regarding its influence beyond the core ecosystem of IB journals. Anecdotally, a pessimistic view has become more commonplace. The concern is that IB has become increasingly self-referential, relying more heavily on IB-related theory extensions and context-specific settings, which could limit its resonance in the …

Moving Beyond Entry Modes: Toward A New Paradigm Of International Involvement In An Era Of Digitalization And Global Transitions, Noman Shaheer, Sali Li, Liang Chen, Keith D. Brouthers, Dan Li, Peter Liesch

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

We seek to reconceptualize internationalization strategy by shifting focus from static, single-entry mode choices to dynamic constellations of multiple involvement modes. In an era of rapid technological change enabled by artificial intelligence, blockchain, and robotics, geopolitical volatility fueled by trade wars and violent conflicts, and increasing sustainability demands, multinational corporations (MNCs) need to rethink how they are involved with diverse stakeholder expectations, prioritize flexibility and reversibility, and embed co-creation and legitimacy alongside efficiency. Extending Brouthers et al. (2022), we integrate transaction cost economics with resource-based, institutional, opportunity, and ecosystem perspectives to explain how MNCs configure and reconfigure various constellations of …